{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T05:46:42Z","timestamp":1768283202816,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019863","name":"Tekirdag Nam\u0131k Kemal University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019863","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microchim Acta"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>A\u00a0novel impedimetric magneto-immunosensor based on iron oxide (Fe<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>) nanoparticles coated with 3-phosphonopropionic acid (3-PPA) (functionalized magnetic beads, or FMBs) was created for the highly sensitive and selective detection of anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody (anti-tTG) in human serum. This label-less immunosensor was introduced by magnetically attaching FMBs onto the working electrode surface with a neodium magnet. The FMBs were utilized as a sensing interface and had carboxylic acid groups for tTG molecules, which could selectively link the target anti-tTG antibody. The FMBs modification steps were carried out in microcentrifuge tubes and concentrated with magnetic force before electrochemical analyses. The specific immuno-interactions on the FMBs surface were characterized by using the electrochemical and microscopic techniques, and in the presence of anti-tTG antibodies, they were captured by tTG-immobilized magnetic beads, and significant increases were observed in impedimetric response. The magneto biosensor response was linearly related to the anti-tTG antibody level in a broad linear range of 0.125\u201315.62 U\/mL and a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.04 U\/mL. Additionally, this magneto sensor was stable, repeatable, reproducible, selective, and sensitive for determination\u00a0of the anti-tTG. The commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was employed to compare the responses of the suggested immunosensor in actual samples. The magneto biosensor results were in good agreement with the ELISA reference technique results. Consequently, the biosensor performance in the analysis of serum samples was acceptable.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:bold>\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-025-07129-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T21:34:05Z","timestamp":1744148045000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Early and sensitive diagnosis of celiac autoimmune disease by using carboxylic acid functionalized magnetic nanoparticles-assisted biosensing platform"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"192","author":[{"given":"Elif Burcu","family":"Ayd\u0131n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammet","family":"Ayd\u0131n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mustafa Kemal","family":"Sezgint\u00fcrk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"24","key":"7129_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12080","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5b02801","volume":"87","author":"HB Habtamu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Habtamu HB, Sentic M, Silvestrini M, De Leo L, Not T, Arbault S et al (2015) A sensitive electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for celiac disease diagnosis based on nanoelectrode ensembles. Anal Chem 87(24):12080\u201312087. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.analchem.5b02801","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"7129_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rajput MS, Chauhan A, Makharia GK. Epidemiology and clinical features of celiac disease in adults. (2022) Coeliac Disease and Gluten-Related Disorders: Elsevier; p. 1\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-821571-5.00012-X","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-821571-5.00012-X"},{"key":"7129_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hedesh M, Maharat Z, Khalaji A, Pazouki L, Dooraki S. (2024) Early detection of celiac disease through its common symptoms using machine learning algorithms. Journal of Clinical Images and Medical Case Reports. 5(3):2915. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52768\/2766-7820\/2915","DOI":"10.52768\/2766-7820\/2915"},{"key":"7129_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2024.139204","volume":"139204","author":"S Jain","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jain S, Lamba BY, Dubey SK (2024) Recent advancements in the sensors for food analysis to detect gluten: a mini-review [2019\u20132023]. Food Chem 139204:139204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodchem.2024.139204","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"7129_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2010.03680.x","volume":"59","author":"MM Walker","year":"2011","unstructured":"Walker MM, Murray JA (2011) An update in the diagnosis of coeliac disease. Histopathology 59(2):166\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2010.03680.x","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"issue":"2","key":"7129_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3390\/bios8020055","volume":"8","author":"T Pasinszki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pasinszki T, Krebsz M (2018) Biosensors for non-invasive detection of celiac disease biomarkers in body fluids. Biosensors 8(2):55. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bios8020055","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"issue":"9","key":"7129_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2011.02.045","volume":"26","author":"S Dulay","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dulay S, Lozano-S\u00e1nchez P, Iwuoha E, Katakis I, O\u2019Sullivan CK (2011) Electrochemical detection of celiac disease-related anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies using thiol based surface chemistry. Biosens Bioelectron 26(9):3852\u20133856. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2011.02.045","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"key":"7129_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vives-Pi M; Takasawa S, Pujol-Autonell I, Planas R, Cabre E, Ojanguren I, Montraveta M, et al. (2013) Biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring of celiac disease. Journal of clinical gastroenterology. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 47(4):p 308\u2013313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MCG.0b013e31827874e3","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e31827874e3"},{"issue":"2","key":"7129_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2009.02.026","volume":"388","author":"M Pividori","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pividori M, Lermo A, Bonanni A, Alegret S, Del Valle M (2009) Electrochemical immunosensor for the diagnosis of celiac disease. Anal Biochem 388(2):229\u2013234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ab.2009.02.026","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"7129_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Engin B, Huseynova C, Ak T, Ayla A.Y, Can G, U\u011furlu S. (2023). Screening of antigliadin and antitissue transglutaminase antibodies in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis: a case-control study. Turk. J. Med. Sci. 53: 544\u2013551. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55730\/1300-0144.5615","DOI":"10.55730\/1300-0144.5615"},{"key":"7129_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.873793","volume":"10","author":"AT Kamilova","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kamilova AT, Gulnoza KA, Zulkhumar EU, Dilroba AA, Swetlana IG (2022) The activity of antimicrobial peptides in pediatric celiac disease. Front Pediatr 10:873793. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2022.873793","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"7129_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-022-02456-x","volume":"22","author":"M Ajdani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ajdani M, Mortazavi N, Besharat S, Mohammadi S, Amiriani T, Sohrabi A, Norouzi A, Edris G (2022) Serum and salivary tissue transglutaminase IGA (tTG-IGA) level in celiac patients. BMC Gastroenterol 22(1):375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-022-02456-x","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"23","key":"7129_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9265","DOI":"10.1021\/ac801620j","volume":"80","author":"HM Nassef","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nassef HM, Bermudo Redondo MC, Ciclitira PJ, Ellis HJ, Fragoso A, O\u2019Sullivan CK (2008) Electrochemical immunosensor for detection of celiac disease toxic gliadin in foodstuff. Anal Chem 80(23):9265\u20139271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ac801620j","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"7129_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shamsazar A, Asadi A, Seifzadeh D, Mahdavi M. (2021) A novel and highly sensitive sandwich-type immunosensor for prostate-specific antigen detection based on MWCNTs-Fe3O4 nanocomposite. Sens. Actuators, B. 346:130459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.snb.2021.130459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2021.130459"},{"key":"7129_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2017.05.056","volume":"97","author":"EB Ayd\u0131n","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ayd\u0131n EB, Ayd\u0131n M, Sezgint\u00fcrk MK (2017) A highly sensitive immunosensor based on ITO thin films covered by a new semi-conductive conjugated polymer for the determination of TNF\u03b1 in human saliva and serum samples. Biosens Bioelectron 97:169\u2013176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2017.05.056","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"issue":"9","key":"7129_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4589","DOI":"10.1021\/ac5006487","volume":"86","author":"G Dutta","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dutta G et al (2014) Washing-free heterogeneous immunosensor using proximity-dependent electron mediation between an enzyme label and an electrode. Anal Chem 86(9):4589\u20134595","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"7129_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.26856","volume":"116","author":"S Gupta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gupta S, Kaushal A, Kumar A, Kumar D (2019) Recent advances in biosensors for diagnosis of celiac disease: a review. Biotechnol Bioeng 116(2):444\u2013451. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bit.26856","journal-title":"Biotechnol Bioeng"},{"key":"7129_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1039\/D4AN01345J","volume":"150","author":"B Mukherjee","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mukherjee B, Mandal M, Suresh RR, Kar S, Parida BK, Chakraborty S, Dutta G (2025) A non-enzymatic highly stable electrochemical sensing platform based on allylamine capped copper nanoparticles for the detection of the soil nitrate content. Analyst 150:936\u2013952. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D4AN01345J","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"7129_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2016.10.094","volume":"92","author":"G Dutta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dutta G, Nagarajan S, Lapidus LJ, Lillehoj PB (2017) Enzyme-free electrochemical immunosensor based on methylene blue and the electro-oxidation of hydrazine on Pt nanoparticles. Biosens Bioelectron 92:372\u2013377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2016.10.094","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"key":"7129_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2019.03.001","volume":"91","author":"T Pasinszki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pasinszki T, Krebsz M (2019) Advances in celiac disease testing. Adv Clin Chem 91:1\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.acc.2019.03.001","journal-title":"Adv Clin Chem"},{"key":"7129_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2013.05.063","volume":"50","author":"R Elshafey","year":"2013","unstructured":"Elshafey R, Tavares AC, Siaj M, Zourob M (2013) Electrochemical impedance immunosensor based on gold nanoparticles\u2013protein G for the detection of cancer marker epidermal growth factor receptor in human plasma and brain tissue. Biosens Bioelectron 50:143\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2013.05.063","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"key":"7129_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2020.121487","volume":"222","author":"EB Ayd\u0131n","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ayd\u0131n EB, Ayd\u0131n M, Sezgint\u00fcrk MK (2021) Fabrication of electrochemical immunosensor based on acid-substituted poly (pyrrole) polymer modified disposable ITO electrode for sensitive detection of CCR4 cancer biomarker in human serum. Talanta 222:121487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.talanta.2020.121487","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"7129_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2019.03.082","volume":"200","author":"EB Ayd\u0131n","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ayd\u0131n EB, Ayd\u0131n M, Sezgint\u00fcrk MK (2019) Ultrasensitive determination of cadherin-like protein 22 with a label-free electrochemical immunosensor using brush type poly (thiophene-g-glycidylmethacrylate) modified disposable ITO electrode. Talanta 200:387\u2013397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.talanta.2019.03.082","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"7129_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2020.120716","volume":"214","author":"W Xiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xiang W, Lv Q, Shi H, Xie B, Gao L (2020) Aptamer-based biosensor for detecting carcinoembryonic antigen. Talanta 214:120716. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.talanta.2020.120716","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"issue":"23","key":"7129_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11301","DOI":"10.3390\/app112311301","volume":"11","author":"MD Nguyen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nguyen MD, Tran H-V, Xu S, Lee TR (2021) Fe3O4 nanoparticles: structures, synthesis, magnetic properties, surface functionalization, and emerging applications. App Sci 11(23):11301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app112311301","journal-title":"App Sci"},{"key":"7129_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ayd\u0131n M, Ayd\u0131n EB, Sezgint\u00fcrk MK. (2024) Label-free and ultrasensitive electrochemical cotinine sensing based on bio-modified magnetic nanoparticles. Sens. Actuators, B. 408:135476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.snb.2024.135476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2024.135476"},{"key":"7129_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosx.2023.100412","volume":"15","author":"TN Sarkar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sarkar TN, Dutta DG (2023) A new biosensing platform based on L-cysteine-capped Fe3O4 nanoparticles embedded in chitosan-MWCNT matrix: electrochemical kinetic and sensing studies. Biosens Bioelectron 15:100412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biosx.2023.100412","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"key":"7129_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2012.02.012","volume":"67","author":"N Chauhan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chauhan N, Pundir CS (2012) An amperometric acetylcholinesterase sensor based on Fe3O4 nanoparticle\/multi-walled carbon nanotube-modified ITO-coated glass plate for the detection of pesticides. Electrochim Acta 67:79\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.electacta.2012.02.012","journal-title":"Electrochim Acta"},{"key":"7129_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2013.04.006","volume":"48","author":"Y Ma","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ma Y, Zheng B, Zhao Y, Yuan H, Cai Y, Du J, Xiao D (2013) A sensitive and selective chemosensor for GSSG detection based on the recovered fluorescence of NDPA-Fe3O4@ SiO2-Cu (II) nanomaterial. Biosens Bioelectron 48:138\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2013.04.006","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"issue":"1","key":"7129_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dyepig.2011.01.012","volume":"91","author":"X Peng","year":"2011","unstructured":"Peng X, Wang Y, Tang X, Liu W (2011) Functionalized magnetic core\u2013shell Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles as selectivity-enhanced chemosensor for Hg (II). Dyes Pigm 91(1):26\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dyepig.2011.01.012","journal-title":"Dyes Pigm"},{"issue":"4","key":"7129_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2567","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.3c01872","volume":"10","author":"M Ayd\u0131n","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ayd\u0131n M, Ayd\u0131n EB, Sezginturk MK (2024) Carboxyethylsilanetriol-coated magnetic nanoparticles as an ultrasensitive immunoplatform for electrochemical magnetosensing of cotinine. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 10(4):2567\u20132580. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.3c01872","journal-title":"ACS Biomater Sci Eng"},{"issue":"18","key":"7129_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2009.04.199","volume":"255","author":"H Cao","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cao H, He J, Deng L, Gao X (2009) Fabrication of cyclodextrin-functionalized superparamagnetic Fe3O4\/amino-silane core\u2013shell nanoparticles via layer-by-layer method. Appl Surf Sci 255(18):7974\u20137980. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apsusc.2009.04.199","journal-title":"Appl Surf Sci"},{"key":"7129_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioelechem.2020.107698","volume":"138","author":"EB Ayd\u0131n","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ayd\u0131n EB, Sezgint\u00fcrk MK (2021) Ultrasensitive detection of interleukin 1\u03b1 using 3-phosphonopropionic acid modified FTO surface as an effective platform for disposable biosensor fabrication. Bioelectrochemistry 138:107698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bioelechem.2020.107698","journal-title":"Bioelectrochemistry"},{"key":"7129_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang L, Sun Y, Wang J, Wang J, Yu A, Zhang H, Song D. (2011) Preparation of surface plasmon resonance biosensor based on magnetic core\/shell Fe3O4\/SiO2 and Fe3O4\/Ag\/SiO2 nanoparticles. Colloids Surf., B. 84(2) 484\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2011.02.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2011.02.003"},{"issue":"13","key":"7129_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5769","DOI":"10.1039\/D4NJ00274A","volume":"48","author":"M Ayd\u0131n","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ayd\u0131n M, Ayd\u0131n EB, Sezgint\u00fcrk MK (2024) Functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for electrochemical magneto biosensing of PSMA cancer biomarker. New J Chem 48(13):5769\u20135781. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D4NJ00274A","journal-title":"New J Chem"},{"key":"7129_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2018.06.010","volume":"117","author":"S Lv","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lv S, Sheng J, Zhao S, Liu M, Chen L (2018) The detection of brucellosis antibody in whole serum based on the low-fouling electrochemical immunosensor fabricated with magnetic Fe3O4@ Au@ PEG@ HA nanoparticles. Biosens Bioelectron 117:138\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2018.06.010","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"issue":"12","key":"7129_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2009.01.002","volume":"30","author":"Y Zhuo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhuo Y, Yuan P-X, Yuan R, Chai Y-Q, Hong C-L (2009) Bienzyme functionalized three-layer composite magnetic nanoparticles for electrochemical immunosensors. Biomaterials 30(12):2284\u20132290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2009.01.002","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"2","key":"7129_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelechem.2003.12.010","volume":"566","author":"JR de Sousa","year":"2004","unstructured":"de Sousa JR, Parente MMV, Di\u00f3genes ICN, Lopes LGF, de Lima NP, Temperini MLA et al (2004) A correlation study between the conformation of the 1, 4-dithiane SAM on gold and its performance to assess the heterogeneous electron-transfer reactions. J Electroanal Chem 566(2):443\u2013449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jelechem.2003.12.010","journal-title":"J Electroanal Chem"},{"key":"7129_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioelechem.2015.05.014","volume":"105","author":"D Martin-Yerga","year":"2015","unstructured":"Martin-Yerga D, Costa-Garcia A (2015) Towards a blocking-free electrochemical immunosensing strategy for anti-transglutaminase antibodies using screen-printed electrodes. Bioelectrochemistry 105:88\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bioelechem.2015.05.014","journal-title":"Bioelectrochemistry"},{"key":"7129_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2012.09.019","volume":"187","author":"MM Neves","year":"2013","unstructured":"Neves MM, Gonz\u00e1lez-Garc\u00eda MB, Delerue-Matos C, Costa-Garc\u00eda A (2013) Multiplexed electrochemical immunosensor for detection of celiac disease serological markers. Sens Actuators, B 187:33\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.snb.2012.09.019","journal-title":"Sens Actuators, B"},{"issue":"1","key":"7129_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2011.09.044","volume":"31","author":"MM Neves","year":"2012","unstructured":"Neves MM, Gonz\u00e1lez-Garc\u00eda MB, Nouws HP, Costa-Garc\u00eda A (2012) Celiac disease detection using a transglutaminase electrochemical immunosensor fabricated on nanohybrid screen-printed carbon electrodes. Biosens Bioelectron 31(1):95\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2011.09.044","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"issue":"8","key":"7129_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2671","DOI":"10.3390\/s21082671","volume":"21","author":"AB Nguyen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nguyen AB, Maldonado M, Poch D, Sodia T, Smith A, Rowland TJ, Bonham AJ (2021) Electrochemical DNA biosensor that detects early celiac disease autoantibodies. Sensors 21(8):2671. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s21082671","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"25","key":"7129_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12265","DOI":"10.1039\/D2NJ01822E","volume":"46","author":"NF Atta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Atta NF, Galal A, El-Gohary AR (2022) Electrochemical sensing of dobutamine, paracetamol, amlodipine, and daclatasvir in serum based on thiourea SAMs over nano-gold particles\u2013CNTs composite. New J Chem 46(25):12265\u201312277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D2NJ01822E","journal-title":"New J Chem"},{"key":"7129_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2015.06.016","volume":"485","author":"C Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang C, Shen G, Shen Y, Zhang X (2015) The development of an electrochemical immunosensor using a thiol aromatic aldehyde and PAMAM-functionalized Fe3O4@ Au nanoparticles. Anal Biochem 485:66\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ab.2015.06.016","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"7129_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2005.12.008","volume":"22","author":"J Wu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wu J, Tang J, Dai Z, Yan F, Ju H, El Murr N (2006) A disposable electrochemical immunosensor for flow injection immunoassay of carcinoembryonic antigen. Biosens Bioelectron 22(1):102\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2005.12.008","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"}],"container-title":["Microchimica Acta"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00604-025-07129-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00604-025-07129-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00604-025-07129-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]],"date-time":"2025-05-10T12:38:57Z","timestamp":1746880737000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00604-025-07129-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["7129"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00604-025-07129-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0026-3672","1436-5073"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0026-3672","type":"print"},{"value":"1436-5073","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interests"}}],"article-number":"284"}}