{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T10:55:48Z","timestamp":1790420148195,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754265600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Project of Invigorating Health Care through Science, Technology and Education, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline Cultivation Unit","award":["JSDW202250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSDW202250"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microchim Acta"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-025-07378-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T19:08:24Z","timestamp":1754334504000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Ultra-fast, palm-sized platform for visual point-of-care virus detection using convective PCR with gold nanoparticle probes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"192","author":[{"given":"Jingwen","family":"Shan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerui","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanmeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Likun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueping","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiping","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guohua","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"7378_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1007\/s44197-024-00304-7","volume":"14","author":"G Ameni","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ameni G, Zewude A, Tulu B, Derara M, Bayissa B, Mohammed T, Degefa BA, Hamad ME, Tibbo M, Barigye R (2024) A narrative review on the pandemic zoonotic RNA virus infections occurred during the last 25 years. J Epidemiol Glob Health 14(4):1397\u20131412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44197-024-00304-7","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"issue":"10326","key":"7378_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02346-1","volume":"399","author":"RW Peeling","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peeling RW, Heymann DL, Teo YY, Garcia PJ (2022) Diagnostics for COVID-19: moving from pandemic response to control. Lancet 399(10326):757\u2013768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02346-1","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"7378_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2021.104785","volume":"137","author":"AE Jaaskelainen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jaaskelainen AE, Ahava MJ, Jokela P, Szirovicza L, Pohjala S, Vapalahti O, Lappalainen M, Hepojoki J, Kurkela S (2021) Evaluation of three rapid lateral flow antigen detection tests for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Clin Virol 137:104785. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcv.2021.104785","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"issue":"9","key":"7378_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25727","volume":"92","author":"Z Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li Z, Yi Y, Luo X, Xiong N, Liu Y, Li S, Sun R, Wang Y, Hu B, Chen W, Zhang Y, Wang J, Huang B, Lin Y, Yang J, Cai W, Wang X, Cheng J, Chen Z, Sun K, Pan W, Zhan Z, Chen L, Ye F (2020) Development and clinical application of a rapid IgM-IgG combined antibody test for SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosis. J Med Virol 92(9):1518\u20131524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.25727","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"5","key":"7378_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.0c00501","volume":"6","author":"LJ Carter","year":"2020","unstructured":"Carter LJ, Garner LV, Smoot JW, Li Y, Zhou Q, Saveson CJ, Sasso JM, Gregg AC, Soares DJ, Beskid TR, Jervey SR, Liu C (2020) Assay techniques and test development for COVID-19 diagnosis. ACS Cent Sci 6(5):591\u2013605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acscentsci.0c00501","journal-title":"ACS Cent Sci"},{"key":"7378_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2023.105613","volume":"169","author":"K Gavina","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gavina K, Franco LC, Khan H, Lavik JP, Relich RF (2023) Molecular point-of-care devices for the diagnosis of infectious diseases in resource-limited settings - a review of the current landscape, technical challenges, and clinical impact. J Clin Virol 169:105613. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcv.2023.105613","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"issue":"5","key":"7378_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3026","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.4c06066","volume":"97","author":"D Huang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Huang D, He Y, Xu C, Shen P, Li M, Fang M, Xu Z, Fang X (2025) DNAzyme-triggered equilibrium transfer with self-activated CRISPR-Cas12a biosensor enables one-pot diagnosis of nucleic acids. Anal Chem 97(5):3026\u20133035. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.analchem.4c06066","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"7378_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-56516-3","volume":"16","author":"ZH Cheng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cheng ZH, Luo XY, Yu SS, Min D, Zhang SX, Li XF, Chen JJ, Liu DF, Yu HQ (2025) Tunable control of Cas12 activity promotes universal and fast one-pot nucleic acid detection. Nat Commun 16(1):1166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-025-56516-3","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"7378_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2024.116740","volume":"267","author":"J Fu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fu J, Mo R, Li Z, Xu S, Cheng X, Lu B, Shi S (2024) An extraction-free one-pot assay for rapid detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae by combining RPA and CRISPR\/Cas12a. Biosens Bioelectron 267:116740. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2024.116740","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"key":"7378_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2024.126413","volume":"277","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Qiu J, Jiang P, Wang M, Sun M, Fan G, Yang N, Huang N, Han Y, Han L, Zhang Y (2024) RNA extraction-free reduced graphene oxide-based RT-LAMP fluorescence assay for highly sensitive SARS-CoV-2 detection. Talanta 277:126413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.talanta.2024.126413","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"7378_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2023.342176","volume":"1288","author":"D Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang D, Hu Y, Gao R, Ge S, Zhang J, Zhang X, Xia N (2024) Numerical and experimental investigation on the performance of rapid ultrasonic-assisted nucleic acid extraction based on dispersive two-phase flow. Anal Chim Acta 1288:342176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aca.2023.342176","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"},{"issue":"9","key":"7378_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202300592","volume":"7","author":"Y Luo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Luo Y, Zhou M, Wang L, Fan C, Xu T, Zhang X (2023) Programmable-modulated ultrasonic transducer array for contactless detection of viral RNAs. Small Methods 7(9):e2300592. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smtd.202300592","journal-title":"Small Methods"},{"key":"7378_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2021.104764","volume":"136","author":"JJ Schellenberg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schellenberg JJ, Ormond M, Keynan Y (2021) Extraction-free RT-LAMP to detect SARS-CoV-2 is less sensitive but highly specific compared to standard RT-PCR in 101 samples. J Clin Virol 136:104764. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcv.2021.104764","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7378_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4812","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18611-5","volume":"11","author":"I Smyrlaki","year":"2020","unstructured":"Smyrlaki I, Ekman M, Lentini A, Rufino de Sousa N, Papanicolaou N, Vondracek M, Aarum J, Safari H, Muradrasoli S, Rothfuchs AG, Albert J, Hogberg B, Reinius B (2020) Massive and rapid COVID-19 testing is feasible by extraction-free SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR. Nat Commun 11(1):4812. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-18611-5","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"7378_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1039\/d2an01679f","volume":"148","author":"J Shan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shan J, Wu T, Wei W, Huang J, Li Y, Zou B, Ma Y, Cui L, Wu H, Zhou G (2023) Visualized RNA detection of SARS-CoV-2 in a closed tube by coupling RT-PCR with nested invasive reaction. Analyst 148(5):995\u20131004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d2an01679f","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"issue":"4","key":"7378_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2016.263996","volume":"63","author":"J Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang J, Zou B, Ma Y, Ma X, Sheng N, Rui J, Shao Y, Zhou G (2017) Closed-tube PCR with nested serial invasion probe visualization using gold nanoparticles. Clin Chem 63(4):852\u2013860. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/clinchem.2016.263996","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"7378_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2018.10.005","volume":"126","author":"SH Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee SH, Song J, Cho B, Hong S, Hoxha O, Kang T, Kim D, Lee LP (2019) Bubble-free rapid microfluidic PCR. Biosens Bioelectron 126:725\u2013733. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2018.10.005","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"issue":"6","key":"7378_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10194","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c02154","volume":"15","author":"BH Kang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kang BH, Lee Y, Yu ES, Na H, Kang M, Huh HJ, Jeong KH (2021) Ultrafast and real-time nanoplasmonic on-chip polymerase chain reaction for rapid and quantitative molecular diagnostics. ACS Nano 15(6):10194\u201310202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsnano.1c02154","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"7378_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.12.058","volume":"243","author":"X Qiu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Qiu X, Zhang S, Xiang F, Wu D, Guo M, Ge S, Li K, Ye X, Xia N, Qian S (2017) Instrument-free point-of-care molecular diagnosis of H1N1 based on microfluidic convective PCR. Sens Actuators B Chem 243:738\u2013744. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.snb.2016.12.058","journal-title":"Sens Actuators B Chem"},{"issue":"9","key":"7378_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-022-01175-4","volume":"17","author":"NR Blumenfeld","year":"2022","unstructured":"Blumenfeld NR, Bolene MAE, Jaspan M, Ayers AG, Zarrandikoetxea S, Freudman J, Shah N, Tolwani AM, Hu Y, Chern TL, Rogot J, Behnam V, Sekhar A, Liu X, Onalir B, Kasumi R, Sanogo A, Human K, Murakami K, Totapally GS, Fasciano M, Sia SK (2022) Multiplexed reverse-transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction using plasmonic nanoparticles for point-of-care COVID-19 diagnosis. Nat Nanotechnol 17(9):984\u2013992. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41565-022-01175-4","journal-title":"Nat Nanotechnol"},{"key":"7378_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2023.102029","volume":"53","author":"L Zhu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhu L, Zhao J, Fang Y, Guo Z, Wang M, He N (2023) An ultrafast and portable nucleic acid detection system based on photothermal PCR and real-time fluorescence detection. Nano Today 53:102029. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nantod.2023.102029","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"issue":"12","key":"7378_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20533","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c07017","volume":"16","author":"BK Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim BK, Lee S-A, Park M, Jeon EJ, Kim MJ, Kim JM, Kim H, Jung S, Kim SK (2022) Ultrafast real-time PCR in photothermal microparticles. ACS Nano 16(12):20533\u201320544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsnano.2c07017","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"1","key":"7378_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1177\/2211068216652847","volume":"22","author":"X Qiu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Qiu X, Ge S, Gao P, Li K, Yang Y, Zhang S, Ye X, Xia N, Qian S (2017) A low-cost and fast real-time PCR system based on capillary convection. SLAS Technol 22(1):13\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2211068216652847","journal-title":"SLAS Technol"},{"key":"7378_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.298.5594.793","volume":"298","author":"M Krishnan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Krishnan M, Ugaz V, Burns M (2002) PCR in a Rayleigh-B\u00e9nard convection cell. Science 298:793. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.298.5594.793","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"7378_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2020.01.069","volume":"1108","author":"G Miao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Miao G, Zhang L, Zhang J, Ge S, Xia N, Qian S, Yu D, Qiu X (2020) Free convective PCR: From principle study to commercial applications\u2014a critical review. Anal Chim Acta 1108:177\u2013197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aca.2020.01.069","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"},{"issue":"2","key":"7378_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1039\/b915022f","volume":"10","author":"KH Chung","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chung KH, Park SH, Choi YH (2010) A palmtop PCR system with a disposable polymer chip operated by the thermosiphon effect. Lab Chip 10(2):202\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/b915022f","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"7378_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.02.143","volume":"230","author":"Z Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li Z, Zhao Y, Zhang D, Zhuang S, Yamaguchi Y (2016) The development of a portable buoyancy-driven PCR system and its evaluation by capillary electrophoresis. Sens Actuators B Chem 230:779\u2013784. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.snb.2016.02.143","journal-title":"Sens Actuators B Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"7378_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2018.2500","volume":"16","author":"TH Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim TH, Hwang HJ, Kim JH (2019) Ultra-fast on-site molecular detection of foodborne pathogens using a combination of convection polymerase chain reaction and nucleic acid lateral flow immunoassay. Foodborne Pathog Dis 16(2):144\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/fpd.2018.2500","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog Dis"},{"issue":"42","key":"7378_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14725","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.2c03143","volume":"94","author":"Y Ma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma Y, Ma X, Bu L, Shan J, Liu D, Zhang L, Qi X, Chu Y, Wu H, Zou B, Zhou G (2022) Flap endonuclease-induced steric hindrance change enables the construction of multiplex and versatile lateral flow strips for DNA detection. Anal Chem 94(42):14725\u201314733. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.analchem.2c03143","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"7378_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2019.126849","volume":"298","author":"VK Rajendran","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rajendran VK, Bakthavathsalam P, Bergquist PL, Sunna A (2019) Smartphone detection of antibiotic resistance using convective PCR and a lateral flow assay. Sens Actuators B Chem 298:126849. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.snb.2019.126849","journal-title":"Sens Actuators B Chem"},{"issue":"19","key":"7378_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11273","DOI":"10.1039\/c4nr03306j","volume":"6","author":"KW Shah","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shah KW, Sreethawong T, Liu S-H, Zhang S-Y, Tan LS, Han M-Y (2014) Aqueous route to facile, efficient and functional silica coating of metal nanoparticles at room temperature. Nanoscale 6(19):11273\u201311281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c4nr03306j","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"issue":"1","key":"7378_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.51","volume":"1","author":"HD Hill","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hill HD, Mirkin CA (2006) The bio-barcode assay for the detection of protein and nucleic acid targets using DTT-induced ligand exchange. Nat Protoc 1(1):324\u2013336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nprot.2006.51","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"7378_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201101925","volume":"8","author":"JKF Wong","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wong JKF, Yip SP, Lee TMH (2011) Silica-modified oligonucleotide\u2212gold nanoparticle conjugate enables closed-tube colorimetric polymerase chain reaction. Small 8(2):214\u2013219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.201101925","journal-title":"Small"},{"issue":"32","key":"7378_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7395","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201001529","volume":"50","author":"B Zou","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zou B, Ma Y, Wu H, Zhou G (2010) Ultrasensitive DNA detection by cascade enzymatic signal amplification based on Afu flap endonuclease coupled with nicking endonuclease. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 50(32):7395\u20137398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/anie.201001529","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed Engl"}],"container-title":["Microchimica Acta"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00604-025-07378-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00604-025-07378-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00604-025-07378-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T10:30:01Z","timestamp":1757413801000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00604-025-07378-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["7378"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00604-025-07378-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0026-3672","1436-5073"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0026-3672","type":"print"},{"value":"1436-5073","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All participants were informed and agreed to cooperate fully with the completion of this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"All participants consented to the publication of their data.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"553"}}