{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T02:52:23Z","timestamp":1791082343355,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757548800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microchim Acta"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-025-07517-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T21:40:36Z","timestamp":1757626836000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["On exploring the potential of machine learning assisted nanoparticles enhanced laser induced breakdown spectroscopy as an initial screening tool for early breast cancer detection"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"192","author":[{"given":"Shahwal","family":"Sabir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayesha","family":"Israr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Faheem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghulam Rasool","family":"Sani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aqsa","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sajid","family":"Bashir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tania","family":"Jabbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasir","family":"Jamil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"7517_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21863","author":"AN Giaquinto","year":"2024","unstructured":"Giaquinto AN, Sung H, Newman LA et al (2024) Breast cancer statistics 2024. CA Cancer J Clin. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21863","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"7517_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","volume":"71","author":"H Sung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL et al (2021) Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 71:209\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21660","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"7517_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21871","author":"RL Siegel","year":"2025","unstructured":"Siegel RL, Kratzer TB, Giaquinto AN et al (2025) Cancer statistics, 2025. CA Cancer J Clin. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21871","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"7517_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2022.08.010","volume":"66","author":"M Arnold","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arnold M, Morgan E, Rumgay H et al (2022) Current and future burden of breast cancer: global statistics for 2020 and 2040. Breast 66:15\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.breast.2022.08.010","journal-title":"Breast"},{"key":"7517_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmra050276","volume":"354","author":"ME Juweid","year":"2006","unstructured":"Juweid ME, Cheson BD (2006) Positron-emission tomography and assessment of cancer therapy. N Engl J Med 354:496\u2013507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmra050276","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"7517_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5200","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26379","volume":"233","author":"SH Jafari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jafari SH, Saadatpour Z, Salmaninejad A et al (2018) Breast cancer diagnosis: imaging techniques and biochemical markers. J Cell Physiol 233:5200\u20135213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcp.26379","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"7517_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ogx.0000269073.50925.38","volume":"62","author":"D Saslow","year":"2007","unstructured":"Saslow D, Boetes C, Burke W et al (2007) American Cancer Society guidelines for breast screening with MRI as an adjunct to mammography. Obstet Gynecol Surv 62:458\u2013460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.ogx.0000269073.50925.38","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"key":"7517_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/51\/13\/R03","author":"WA Kalender","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kalender WA (2006) X-ray computed tomography. Phys Med Biol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/0031-9155\/51\/13\/R03","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"7517_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ma M, Zhang J, Liu Y et al (2024) Advances in the clinical application of Raman spectroscopy in breast cancer. Appl Spectrosc Rev 0:1\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/05704928.2024.2352519","DOI":"10.1080\/05704928.2024.2352519"},{"key":"7517_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s17071572","author":"L Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang L (2017) Early diagnosis of breast cancer. Sensors. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s17071572","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"7517_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5463","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.27581","volume":"118","author":"NU Lin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lin NU, Vanderplas A, Hughes ME et al (2012) Clinicopathologic features, patterns of recurrence, and survival among women with triple-negative breast cancer in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Cancer 118:5463\u20135472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.27581","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"7517_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fphy.2022.821057","volume":"10","author":"MN Khan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khan MN, Wang Q, Idrees BS et al (2022) A review on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy in different cancers diagnosis and classification. Front Phys 10:1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphy.2022.821057","journal-title":"Front Phys"},{"key":"7517_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1039\/d3ja00462g","volume":"39","author":"X Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang X, Li X, Chen X et al (2024) Nanoparticle-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for serum element analysis using an Ag NP-coated filter paper substrate. J Anal At Spectrom 39:1332\u20131342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d3ja00462g","journal-title":"J Anal At Spectrom"},{"key":"7517_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sab.2018.05.010","volume":"146","author":"R Gaudiuso","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gaudiuso R, Ewusi-Annan E, Melikechi N et al (2018) Using LIBS to diagnose melanoma in biomedical fluids deposited on solid substrates: limits of direct spectral analysis and capability of machine learning. Spectrochim Acta Part B At Spectrosc 146:106\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sab.2018.05.010","journal-title":"Spectrochim Acta Part B At Spectrosc"},{"key":"7517_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-021-03355-5","volume":"37","author":"EM Emara","year":"2022","unstructured":"Emara EM, Song H, Imam H et al (2022) Detection of hypokalemia disorder and its relation with hypercalcemia in blood serum using LIBS technique for patients of colorectal cancer grade I and grade II. Lasers Med Sci 37:1081\u20131093. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10103-021-03355-5","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"7517_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-021-03421-y","volume":"37","author":"R Mungmunpuntipantip","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mungmunpuntipantip R, Wiwanitkit V (2022) LIBS as a diagnostic tool in pediatrics beta-thalassemia. Lasers Med Sci 37:1371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10103-021-03421-y","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"7517_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sab.2018.06.008","volume":"148","author":"M Dell\u2019Aglio","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dell\u2019Aglio M, Alrifai R, De Giacomo A (2018) Nanoparticle Enhanced Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (NELIBS), a first review. Spectrochim Acta - Part B At Spectrosc 148:105\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sab.2018.06.008","journal-title":"Spectrochim Acta - Part B At Spectrosc"},{"key":"7517_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Al-juboori H, Haider Z, Hang W, Roslan S (2024) Nanoparticles Enhanced Breakdown Spectroscopy for Characterisation and Discrimination of Gemstones. EPJ\u00a0Web Conf\u00a0305:00015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/epjconf\/202430500015","DOI":"10.1051\/epjconf\/202430500015"},{"key":"7517_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10180","DOI":"10.1021\/ac4016165","volume":"85","author":"A De Giacomo","year":"2013","unstructured":"De Giacomo A, Gaudiuso R, Koral C et al (2013) Nanoparticle-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of metallic samples. Anal Chem 85:10180\u201310187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ac4016165","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"7517_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5251","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b00324","volume":"88","author":"A De Giacomo","year":"2016","unstructured":"De Giacomo A, Koral C, Valenza G et al (2016) Nanoparticle enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for microdrop analysis at subppm level. Anal Chem 88:5251\u20135257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b00324","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"7517_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2024.104207","volume":"132","author":"J Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li J, Pan X, Guo L, Chen Y (2024) Cancer diagnosis based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy with bagging-voting fusion model. Med Eng Phys 132:104207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.medengphy.2024.104207","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys"},{"key":"7517_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2559","DOI":"10.1364\/boe.421961","volume":"12","author":"Z Yue","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yue Z, Sun C, Chen F et al (2021) Machine learning-based LIBS spectrum analysis of human blood plasma allows ovarian cancer diagnosis. Biomed Opt Express 12:2559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/boe.421961","journal-title":"Biomed Opt Express"},{"key":"7517_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2492","DOI":"10.1364\/boe.489513","volume":"14","author":"BS Idrees","year":"2023","unstructured":"Idrees BS, Teng G, Israr A et al (2023) Comparison of whole blood and serum samples of breast cancer based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy with machine learning. Biomed Opt Express 14:2492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/boe.489513","journal-title":"Biomed Opt Express"},{"key":"7517_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4191","DOI":"10.1364\/boe.395332","volume":"11","author":"Y Chu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chu Y, Chen F, Sheng Z et al (2020) Blood cancer diagnosis using ensemble learning based on a random subspace method in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Biomed Opt Express 11:4191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/boe.395332","journal-title":"Biomed Opt Express"},{"key":"7517_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sab.2014.05.010","volume":"98","author":"A De Giacomo","year":"2014","unstructured":"De Giacomo A, Gaudiuso R, Koral C et al (2014) Nanoparticle enhanced laser induced breakdown spectroscopy: effect of nanoparticles deposited on sample surface on laser ablation and plasma emission. Spectrochim Acta B At Spectrosc 98:19\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sab.2014.05.010","journal-title":"Spectrochim Acta B At Spectrosc"},{"key":"7517_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2025.128073","author":"M Nadeem","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nadeem M, Faheem M, Manzoor M et al (2025) Machine learning assisted LIBS classification of burnt and unburnt paper samples: a forensic perspective. Talanta. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.talanta.2025.128073","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"7517_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1080\/09603123.2022.2163987","volume":"34","author":"KM Doman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Doman KM, Gharieb MM, Abd El-Monem AM, Morsi HH (2024) Synthesis of silver and copper nanoparticle using Spirulina platensis and evaluation of their anticancer activity. Int J Environ Health Res 34:661\u2013673. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09603123.2022.2163987","journal-title":"Int J Environ Health Res"},{"key":"7517_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sab.2008.08.013","volume":"63","author":"JB Sirven","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sirven JB, Mauchien P, Sall\u00e9 B (2008) Analytical optimization of some parameters of a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy experiment. Spectrochim Acta-Part B At Spectrosc 63:1077\u20131084. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sab.2008.08.013","journal-title":"Spectrochim Acta-Part B At Spectrosc"},{"key":"7517_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sab.2023.106644","volume":"202","author":"Z Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao Z, Ma W, Teng G et al (2023) Accurate identification of inflammation in blood based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy using chemometric methods. Spectrochim Acta B At Spectrosc 202:106644","journal-title":"Spectrochim Acta B At Spectrosc"},{"key":"7517_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jqsrt.2024.109011","volume":"322","author":"S Kodangil","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kodangil S, Domoto N, Tanaka M et al (2024) Measurement of transition probabilities of La II using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). J Quant Spectrosc Radiat Transfer 322:109011","journal-title":"J Quant Spectrosc Radiat Transfer"},{"key":"7517_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sab.2020.105787","volume":"165","author":"G Teng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Teng G, Wang Q, Zhang H et al (2020) Discrimination of infiltrative glioma boundary based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Spectrochim Acta B At Spectrosc 165:105787. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sab.2020.105787","journal-title":"Spectrochim Acta B At Spectrosc"},{"key":"7517_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2351\/1.4989376","author":"F Ghasemi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ghasemi F, Parvin P, Reif J et al (2017) Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy for the diagnosis of several malignant tissue samples. J Laser Appl. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2351\/1.4989376","journal-title":"J Laser Appl"},{"key":"7517_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1364\/boe.442489","volume":"13","author":"BS Idrees","year":"2022","unstructured":"Idrees BS, Wang Q, Khan MN et al (2022) In-vitro study on the identification of gastrointestinal stromal tumor tissues using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy with chemometric methods. Biomed Opt Express 13:26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/boe.442489","journal-title":"Biomed Opt Express"},{"key":"7517_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.3103\/S1541308X24700110","volume":"32","author":"AN Maresev","year":"2024","unstructured":"Maresev AN, Shevchenko MA, Tcherniega NV et al (2024) LIBS efficiency increase via plasmonic nanoparticles in the study of synthetic opal matrices. Phys Wave Phenom 32:164\u2013170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3103\/S1541308X24700110","journal-title":"Phys Wave Phenom"},{"key":"7517_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang T, Liu X, Men Q, et al (2019) Surface plasmon resonance effect of Ag nanoparticles for improving the photocatalytic performance of biochar quantum-dot\/Bi4Ti3O12 nanosheets. Chinese J Catal 40:886\u2013894. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1872-2067(19)63330-9","DOI":"10.1016\/S1872-2067(19)63330-9"},{"key":"7517_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2024.125723","volume":"271","author":"A Safi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Safi A, Landis JE, Adler HG et al (2024) Enhancing biomarker detection sensitivity through tag-laser induced breakdown spectroscopy with NELIBS. Talanta 271:125723. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.talanta.2024.125723","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"7517_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2025.131514","volume":"361","author":"W Ni","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ni W, Zhang X, Yue X et al (2025) Visible light enhanced thermocatalytic reverse water gas shift reaction via localized surface plasmon resonance of copper nanoparticles. Sep Purif Technol 361:131514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.seppur.2025.131514","journal-title":"Sep Purif Technol"},{"key":"7517_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11082-022-04352-w","volume":"55","author":"RA Awan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Awan RA, Siraj K, Haq SU et al (2023) Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy of aluminum incorporated with metallic nanoparticles. Opt Quantum Electron 55:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11082-022-04352-w","journal-title":"Opt Quantum Electron"},{"key":"7517_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1039\/c6ja00189k","volume":"31","author":"A De Giacomo","year":"2016","unstructured":"De Giacomo A, Dell\u2019Aglio M, Gaudiuso R et al (2016) Perspective on the use of nanoparticles to improve LIBS analytical performance: nanoparticle enhanced laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (NELIBS). J Anal At Spectrom 31:1566\u20131573. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c6ja00189k","journal-title":"J Anal At Spectrom"},{"key":"7517_CR40","first-page":"1","volume":"2","author":"MA Khater","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khater MA, Eid KA (2020) Observation of dual-peak signal-to-noise ratios from plasmas produced in typical laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (Libs) experiments. J Int Soc Sci Eng 2:1\u20137","journal-title":"J Int Soc Sci Eng"},{"key":"7517_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings13101790","author":"FH Alkallas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alkallas FH, Mostafa AM, Rashed EA et al (2023) Authentication of roasted coffee beans via LIBS: statistical principal component analysis. Coatings. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/coatings13101790","journal-title":"Coatings"},{"key":"7517_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13369-025-09977-z","author":"I Ahmed","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ahmed I, Faheem M, Shabbir S et al (2025) Predictive insights from machine learning-assisted laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of Lanthanum substituted Bismuth ferrite. Arab J Sci Eng. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13369-025-09977-z","journal-title":"Arab J Sci Eng"},{"key":"7517_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2021.104576","volume":"135","author":"A Ahuja","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ahuja A, Al-Zogbi L, Krieger A (2021) Application of noise-reduction techniques to machine learning algorithms for breast cancer tumor identification. Comput Biol Med 135:104576. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2021.104576","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"7517_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics8080860","volume":"8","author":"MS Saeed","year":"2019","unstructured":"Saeed MS, Mustafa MW, Sheikh UU et al (2019) Ensemble bagged tree based classification for reducing non-technical losses in Multan Electric Power Company of Pakistan. Electronics 8:860. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/electronics8080860","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"7517_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sab.2017.11.016","volume":"139","author":"X Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen X, Li X, Yu X et al (2018) Diagnosis of human malignancies using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy in combination with chemometric methods. Spectrochim Acta B At Spectrosc 139:63\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sab.2017.11.016","journal-title":"Spectrochim Acta B At Spectrosc"},{"key":"7517_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10003","DOI":"10.1007\/s13369-024-08716-0","volume":"49","author":"MH Zaman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zaman MH, Rehman F, Tahir MS et al (2024) A study on the effect of preprocessing and normalization on classification of plant samples in machine learning assisted laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Arab J Sci Eng 49:10003\u201310019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13369-024-08716-0","journal-title":"Arab J Sci Eng"},{"key":"7517_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1080\/05704928.2020.1843175","volume":"57","author":"D Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang D, Zhang H, Zhao Y et al (2022) A brief review of new data analysis methods of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: machine learning. Appl Spectrosc Rev 57:89\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/05704928.2020.1843175","journal-title":"Appl Spectrosc Rev"},{"key":"7517_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13369-024-09118-y","author":"S Munawar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Munawar S, Faheem M, Bilal M et al (2024) Elemental analysis and classification of nicotine pouches using machine learning assisted laser induced breakdown spectroscopy. Arab J Sci Eng. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13369-024-09118-y","journal-title":"Arab J Sci Eng"},{"key":"7517_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rio.2021.100093","volume":"4","author":"X Yan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yan X, Peng X, Qin Y et al (2021) Classification of plastics using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy combined with principal component analysis and K nearest neighbor algorithm. Results Opt 4:100093. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rio.2021.100093","journal-title":"Results Opt"},{"key":"7517_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.5121\/cseij.2014.4104","volume":"4","author":"ZK Senturk","year":"2014","unstructured":"Senturk ZK, Kara R (2014) Breast cancer diagnosis via data mining: performance analysis of seven different algorithms. Comput Sci Eng 4:35\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5121\/cseij.2014.4104","journal-title":"Comput Sci Eng"},{"key":"7517_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108094","volume":"101","author":"MU Khan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khan MU, Samer S, Alshehri MD et al (2022) Artificial neural network-based cardiovascular disease prediction using spectral features. Comput Electr Eng 101:108094. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108094","journal-title":"Comput Electr Eng"},{"key":"7517_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2010.04.064","volume":"82","author":"A El-Hussein","year":"2010","unstructured":"El-Hussein A, Kassem AK, Ismail H, Harith MA (2010) Exploiting LIBS as a spectrochemical analytical technique in diagnosis of some types of human malignancies. Talanta 82:495\u2013501","journal-title":"Talanta"}],"container-title":["Microchimica Acta"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00604-025-07517-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00604-025-07517-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00604-025-07517-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T14:17:24Z","timestamp":1760969844000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00604-025-07517-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["7517"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00604-025-07517-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0026-3672","1436-5073"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0026-3672","type":"print"},{"value":"1436-5073","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted using human blood samples, each obtained from a different patient or volunteer, and analyzed at the Punjab Institute of Nuclear Medicine (PINUM) Cancer Hospital, Pakistan. The clinical protocol was reviewed and approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of PINUM Hospital (Reference No. 6\/27) and University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Individual patient consent was not obtained specifically for this study; however, the PINUM Ethical Committee has an existing agreement with patients that allows the use of their blood samples for future research purposes. The ethics declaration is in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics statement"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"660"}}