{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T18:29:50Z","timestamp":1794508190097,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764028800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22405121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22405121"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microchim Acta"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-025-07675-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T01:33:19Z","timestamp":1764034399000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Fabrication of an on-demand removable glucose sensor patch based on laser-induced graphitization technology for sweat monitoring in individuals with fragile skin"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"192","author":[{"given":"Yafei","family":"Guan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongshan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengkun","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"7675_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.04.006","volume":"35","author":"E Fiaccadori","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fiaccadori E, Sabatino A, Morabito S, Bozzoli L, Donadio C, Maggiore U, Regolisti G (2016) Hyper\/hypoglycemia and acute kidney injury in critically ill patients. Clin Nutr 35:317\u2013321","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"7675_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07161-1","volume":"628","author":"B Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang B, Li J, Zhou J, Chow L, Zhao G, Huang Y, Ma Z, Zhang Q, Yang Y, Yiu CK, Li J, Chun F, Huang X, Gao Y, Wu P, Jia S, Li H, Li D, Liu Y, Yao K, Shi R, Chen Z, Khoo BL, Yang W, Wang F, Zheng Z, Wang Z, Yu X (2024) A three-dimensional liquid diode for soft, integrated permeable electronics. Nature 628:84\u201392","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"7675_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42149-x","volume":"14","author":"S Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang S, Cheng J, Shang J, Hang C, Qi J, Zhong L, Rao Q, He L, Liu C, Ding L, Zhang M, Chakrabarty S, Jiang X (2023) Stretchable surface electromyography electrode array patch for tendon location and muscle injury prevention. Nat Commun 14:6494","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"7675_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-022-01528-3","volume":"41","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiang Y, Trotsyuk AA, Niu S, Henn D, Chen K, Shih C-C, Larson MR, Mermin-Bunnell AM, Mittal S, Lai J-C, Saberi A, Beard E, Jing S, Zhong D, Steele SR, Sun K, Jain T, Zhao E, Neimeth CR, Viana WG, Tang J, Sivaraj D, Padmanabhan J, Rodrigues M, Perrault DP, Chattopadhyay A, Maan ZN, Leeolou MC, Bonham CA, Kwon SH, Kussie HC, Fischer KS, Gurusankar G, Liang K, Zhang K, Nag R, Snyder MP, Januszyk M, Gurtner GC, Bao Z (2023) Wireless, closed-loop, smart bandage with integrated sensors and stimulators for advanced wound care and accelerated healing. Nat Biotechnol 41:652\u2013662","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"7675_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2024.116868","volume":"267","author":"S Kim","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kim S, Woo H, Yoon S, Shin H, Kim K, Kim G, Lim G (2025) Saline based microfluidic soft pressure sensor utilizing a three-dimensional focused electric field for motion and healthcare monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 267:116868","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"key":"7675_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16521","volume":"529","author":"W Gao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gao W, Emaminejad S, Nyein HYY, Challa S, Chen K, Peck A, Fahad HM, Ota H, Shiraki H, Kiriya D, Lien DH, Brooks GA, Davis RW, Javey A (2016) Fully integrated wearable sensor arrays for multiplexed in situ perspiration analysis. Nature 529:509\u2013514","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"7675_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1601314","volume":"3","author":"H Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee H, Song C, Hong YS, Kim M, Cho HR, Kang T, Shin K, Choi SH, Hyeon T, Kim DH (2017) Wearable\/disposable sweat-based glucose monitoring device with multistage transdermal drug delivery module. Sci Adv 3:e1601314","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"7675_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.abn0495","volume":"7","author":"Y Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu Y, Li J, Solomon SA, Min J, Tu J, Guo W, Xu C, Song Y, Gao W (2022) All-printed soft human-machine interface for robotic physicochemical sensing. Sci Robot 7:eabn0495","journal-title":"Sci Robot"},{"key":"7675_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0321-x","volume":"38","author":"Y Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang Y, Song Y, Bo X, Min J, Pak OS, Zhu L, Wang M, Tu J, Kogan A, Zhang H, Hsiai TK, Li Z, Gao W (2020) A laser-engraved wearable sensor for sensitive detection of uric acid and tyrosine in sweat. Nat Biotechnol 38:217\u2013224","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"7675_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47986-y","volume":"15","author":"L Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang L, Chen L, Wang S, Wang S, Wang D, Yu L, Xu X, Liu H, Chen C (2024) Cellulose nanofiber-mediated manifold dynamic synergy enabling adhesive and photo-detachable hydrogel for self-powered E-skin. Nat Commun 15:3859","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"7675_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1126\/science.ade0086","volume":"380","author":"W Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang W, Jiang Y, Zhong D, Zhang Z, Choudhury S, Lai J-C, Gong H, Niu S, Yan X, Zheng Y, Shih C-C, Ning R, Lin Q, Li D, Kim Y-H, Kim J, Wang Y-X, Zhao C, Xu C, Ji X, Nishio Y, Lyu H, Tok JB-H, Bao Z (2023) Neuromorphic sensorimotor loop embodied by monolithically integrated, low-voltage, soft e-skin. Science 380:735\u2013742","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"7675_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202106683","volume":"34","author":"SI Rich","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rich SI, Lee S, Fukuda K, Someya T (2022) Developing the nondevelopable: creating curved-surface electronics from nonstretchable devices. Adv Mater 34:e2106683","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"7675_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abj7564","volume":"375","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jiang Y, Zhang Z, Wang YX, Li D, Coen CT, Hwaun E, Chen G, Wu HC, Zhong D, Niu S, Wang W, Saberi A, Lai JC, Wu Y, Wang Y, Trotsyuk AA, Loh KY, Shih CC, Xu W, Liang K, Zhang K, Bai Y, Gurusankar G, Hu W, Jia W, Cheng Z, Dauskardt RH, Gurtner GC, Tok JB, Deisseroth K, Soltesz I, Bao Z (2022) Topological supramolecular network enabled high-conductivity, stretchable organic bioelectronics. Science 375:1411\u20131417","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"7675_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-49741-7","volume":"13","author":"NK Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim NK, Kim K, Jang H, An T, Shin HJ, Kim GH (2023) Microheater with copper nanofiber network via electrospinning and electroless deposition. Sci Rep 13:22248","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"7675_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abp9734","volume":"8","author":"G Zhao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhao G, Ling Y, Su Y, Chen Z, Mathai CJ, Emeje O, Brown A, Alla DR, Huang J, Kim C, Chen Q, He X, Stalla D, Xu Y, Chen Z, Chen PY, Gangopadhyay S, Xie J, Yan Z (2022) Laser-scribed conductive, photoactive transition metal oxide on soft elastomers for Janus on-skin electronics and soft actuators. Sci Adv 8:eabp9734","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"7675_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.201900208","author":"Y Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen Y, Long J, Zhou S, Shi D, Huang Y, Chen X, Gao J, Zhao N, Wong CP (2019) UV laser-induced polyimide\u2010to\u2010graphene conversion: modeling, fabrication, and application. Small Methods. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smtd.201900208","journal-title":"Small Methods"},{"key":"7675_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202400236","volume":"36","author":"J Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu J, Xiao Y, Zhang X, Tong Y, Li J, Meng K, Zhang Y, Li J, Xing C, Zhang S, Bao B, Yang H, Gao M, Pan T, Liu S, Lorestani F, Cheng H, Lin Y (2024) Direct laser processing and functionalizing PI\/PDMS composites for an on-demand, programmable, recyclable device platform. Adv Mater 36:2400236","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"7675_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201803621","author":"R Ye","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ye R, James DK, Tour JM (2019) Laser-induced graphene: from discovery to translation. Adv Mater. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.201803621","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"7675_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Le T-SD, Phan H-P, Kwon S, Park S, Jung Y, Min J, Chun BJ, Yoon H, Ko SH, Kim S-W, Kim Y-J (2022) Recent advances in Laser-Induced graphene: Mechanism, Fabrication, Properties, and applications in flexible electronics. Adv Funct Mater 32","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202205158"},{"key":"7675_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2020.112565","volume":"168","author":"AA Lahcen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lahcen AA, Rauf S, Beduk T, Durmus C, Aljedaibi A, Timur S, Alshareef HN, Amine A, Wolfbeis OS, Salama KN (2020) Electrochemical sensors and biosensors using laser-derived graphene: a comprehensive review. Biosens Bioelectron 168:112565","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"key":"7675_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30245","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c05614","volume":"13","author":"FM Vivaldi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vivaldi FM, Dallinger A, Bonini A, Poma N, Sembranti L, Biagini D, Salvo P, Greco F, Di Francesco F (2021) Three-dimensional (3D) laser-induced graphene: structure, properties, and application to chemical sensing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 13:30245\u201330260","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"key":"7675_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adj5389","volume":"10","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Yang J, Wang H, Wang C, Gu Y, Xu Y, Lee S, Yokota T, Haick H, Someya T, Wang Y (2024) A 10-micrometer-thick nanomesh-reinforced gas-permeable hydrogel skin sensor for long-term electrophysiological monitoring. Sci Adv 10:eadj5389","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"7675_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45079-4","volume":"15","author":"H Ye","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ye H, Wu B, Sun S, Wu P (2024) Self-compliant ionic skin by leveraging hierarchical hydrogen bond association. Nat Commun 15:885","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"7675_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202313157","author":"JH Shin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shin JH, Choi JY, June K, Choi H, Kim Ti (2024) Polymeric conductive adhesive-based ultrathin epidermal electrodes for long\u2010term monitoring of electrophysiological signals. Adv Mater. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.202313157","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"7675_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-023-01569-2","volume":"22","author":"T Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou T, Yuk H, Hu F, Wu J, Tian F, Roh H, Shen Z, Gu G, Xu J, Lu B, Zhao X (2023) 3D printable high-performance conducting polymer hydrogel for all-hydrogel bioelectronic interfaces. Nat Mater 22:895\u2013902","journal-title":"Nat Mater"},{"key":"7675_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202412271","volume":"37","author":"G Choi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Choi G, Kim J, Kim H, Bae H, Kim BJ, Lee HJ, Jang H, Seong M, Tawfik SM, Kim JJ, Jeong HE (2024) Motion-adaptive tessellated skin patches with switchable adhesion for wearable electronics. Adv Mater 37:2412271","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"7675_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202300793","volume":"10","author":"H Lai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lai H, Liu Y, Cheng Y, Shi L, Wang R, Sun J (2023) Temperature-triggered adhesive bioelectric electrodes with long-term dynamic stability and reusability. Adv Sci 10:2300793","journal-title":"Adv Sci"},{"key":"7675_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202200264","volume":"9","author":"Z Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu Z, Yan F (2022) Switchable adhesion: on-demand bonding and debonding. Adv Sci 9:2200264","journal-title":"Adv Sci"},{"key":"7675_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202006179","author":"W Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang W, Han B, Zhang Y, Li Q, Zhang YL, Han DD, Sun HB (2020) Laser-induced graphene tapes as origami and stick\u2010on labels for photothermal manipulation via Marangoni effect. Adv Funct Mater. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adfm.202006179","journal-title":"Adv Funct Mater"},{"key":"7675_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3219","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b08638","volume":"14","author":"H Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang H, Wang H, Wang Y, Su X, Wang C, Zhang M, Jian M, Xia K, Liang X, Lu H, Li S, Zhang Y (2020) Laser writing of Janus graphene\/Kevlar textile for intelligent protective clothing. ACS Nano 14:3219\u20133226","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"7675_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8907","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c01552","volume":"15","author":"J Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu J, Li R, Ji S, Zhao B, Cui T, Tan X, Gou G, Jian J, Xu H, Qiao Y, Yang Y, Zhang S, Ren TL (2021) Multifunctional graphene microstructures inspired by honeycomb for ultrahigh performance electromagnetic interference shielding and wearable applications. ACS Nano 15:8907\u20138918","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"7675_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-021-00685-1","volume":"5","author":"JR Sempionatto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sempionatto JR, Lin M, Yin L, De la Paz E, Pei K, Sonsa-Ard T, de Loyola Silva AN, Khorshed AA, Zhang F, Tostado N, Xu S, Wang J (2021) An epidermal patch for the simultaneous monitoring of haemodynamic and metabolic biomarkers. Nat Biomed Eng 5:737\u2013748","journal-title":"Nat Biomed Eng"},{"key":"7675_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1002\/elan.202100273","volume":"34","author":"B Zhu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhu B, Li X, Zhou L, Su B (2022) An overview of wearable and implantable electrochemical glucose sensors. Electroanalysis 34:237\u2013245","journal-title":"Electroanalysis"},{"key":"7675_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moyer J, Wilson D, Finkelshtein I, Wong B, Potts R (2012) Correlation between sweat glucose and blood glucose in subjects with diabetes, vol 14. Diabetes Technol & Therapeutics 398\u2013402","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2011.0262"},{"key":"7675_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1177\/193229681300700313","volume":"7","author":"K Sakaguchi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sakaguchi K, Hirota Y, Hashimoto N, Ogawa W, Hamaguchi T, Matsuo T, Miyagawa J, Namba M, Sato T, Okada S, Tomita K, Matsuhisa M, Kaneto H, Kosugi K, Maegawa H, Nakajima H, Kashiwagi A (2013) Evaluation of a minimally invasive system for measuring glucose area under the curve during oral glucose tolerance tests: usefulness of sweat monitoring for precise measurement. J Diabetes Sci Technol 7:678\u2013688","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"key":"7675_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.150459","volume":"488","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Wu M, Duan M, jin Q, Chen S, Wang X, Zhou D (2024) Skin temperature-triggered switchable adhesive coatings for wearing comfortable epidermal electronics. Chem Eng J 488:150459","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"7675_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abo0537","volume":"8","author":"KR Jinkins","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jinkins KR, Li S, Arafa H, Jeong H, Lee YJ, Wu C, Campisi E, Ni X, Cho D, Huang Y, Rogers JA (2022) Thermally switchable, crystallizable oil and silicone composite adhesives for skin-interfaced wearable devices. Sci Adv 8:eabo0537","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"7675_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2021.03.003","volume":"4","author":"M Gao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gao M, Wu H, Plamthottam R, Xie Z, Liu Y, Hu J, Wu S, Wu L, He X, Pei Q (2021) Skin temperature-triggered, debonding-on-demand sticker for a self-powered mechanosensitive communication system. Matter 4:1962\u20131974","journal-title":"Matter"}],"container-title":["Microchimica Acta"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00604-025-07675-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00604-025-07675-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00604-025-07675-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T18:11:02Z","timestamp":1765822262000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00604-025-07675-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7675"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00604-025-07675-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0026-3672","1436-5073"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0026-3672","type":"print"},{"value":"1436-5073","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"846"}}