{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T14:15:34Z","timestamp":1783692934832,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["22104066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22104066"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microchim Acta"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-026-08190-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T02:28:05Z","timestamp":1781490485000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Micromotor-assisted graphene field-effect transistor for label-free and ultrasensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 in complex matrices"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"193","author":[{"given":"Yushuang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guiqi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenfeng","family":"Hai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyu","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"8190_CR1","unstructured":"Organization W. H. WHO COVID-19 dashboard. https:\/\/data.who.int\/dashboards\/covid19\/. Accessed 2025-08-10"},{"key":"8190_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tsergas N (2025) Why scientists are rethinking the immune effects of SARS-CoV-2. 390:r1733. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.r1733","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.r1733"},{"issue":"1","key":"8190_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6829","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-61961-1","volume":"16","author":"Y Lu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lu Y, Tong J, Zhang D, Chen J, Li L, Lei Y, Zhou T, Aragon LV, Becich MJ, Blecker S, Blum Nj, Christakis DA, Hornig M, Hornig-Rohan MM, Jhaveri R, Jones WS, Keebler AB, Kelleher K, Kim S, Mosa ASM, Pajer K, Platt J, Schwenk HT, Taylor BW, Utidjian LH, Williams DA, Prasad R, Elia J, Forrest CB, Chen Y (2025) Risk of neuropsychiatric and related conditions associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a difference-in-differences analysis. Nat Commun 16(1):6829. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-025-61961-1","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"8190_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lee B, Park B, Kim D, Jung C, Park JH, Park J-H, Lee YE, Shin MG, Kim M-G, Yu NE, Kim JH, Kim K (2025) Lateral flow immunoassay using plasmonic scattering. Nat Commun 16(1):3377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-025-58663-z","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-58663-z"},{"key":"8190_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n423","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n423","volume":"372","author":"M Moshe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moshe M, Daunt A, Flower B, Simmons B, Brown JC, Frise R, Penn R, Kugathasan R, Petersen C, Stockmann H, Ashby D, Riley S, Atchison C, Taylor GP, Satkunarajah S, Naar L, Klaber R, Badhan A, Rosadas C, Marchesin F, Fernandez N, Sureda-Vives M, Cheeseman H, O\u2019Hara J, Shattock R, Fontana G, Pallett SJC, Rayment M, Jones R, Moore LSP, Ashrafian H, Cherapanov P, Tedder R, McClure M, Ward H, Darzi A, Elliott P, Cooke GS, Barclay WS (2021) SARS-CoV-2 lateral flow assays for possible use in national covid-19 seroprevalence surveys (React 2): diagnostic accuracy study. BMJ 372:n423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n423","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"8190_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2022.114101","volume":"205","author":"M De Felice","year":"2022","unstructured":"De Felice M, De Falco M, Zappi D, Antonacci A, Scognamiglio V (2022) Isothermal amplification-assisted diagnostics for COVID-19. Biosens Bioelectron 205:114101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2022.114101","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"key":"8190_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lan L, Xu D, Ye G, Xia C, Wang S, Li Y, Xu H (2020) Positive RT-PCR test results in patients recovered from COVID-19. 323(15):1502\u20131503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.2783","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2783"},{"issue":"1","key":"8190_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4812","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18611-5","volume":"11","author":"I Smyrlaki","year":"2020","unstructured":"Smyrlaki I, Ekman M, Lentini A, Rufino de Sousa N, Papanicolaou N, Vondracek M, Aarum J, Safari H, Muradrasoli S, Rothfuchs AG, Albert J, H\u00f6gberg B, Reinius B (2020) Massive and rapid COVID-19 testing is feasible by extraction-free SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR. Nat Commun 11(1):4812. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-18611-5","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"17","key":"8190_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2200031","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202200031","volume":"11","author":"Z Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu Z, Fang W, Yang Y, Yao H, Hu P, Shi J (2022) Non-PCR Ultrasensitive Detection of Viral RNA by a Nanoprobe\u2010Coupling Strategy: SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 as an Example. Adv Healthc Mater 11(17):2200031. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adhm.202200031","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater"},{"issue":"7","key":"8190_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2709","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.1c00773","volume":"6","author":"F Gong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gong F, Wei H-x, Qi J, Ma H, Liu L, Weng J, Zheng X, Li Q, Zhao D, Fang H, Liu L, He H, Ma C, Han J, Sun A, Wang B, Jin T, Li B, Li B (2021) Pulling-Force Spinning Top for Serum Separation Combined with Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices in COVID-19 ELISA Diagnosis. ACS Sens 6(7):2709\u20132719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acssensors.1c00773","journal-title":"ACS Sens"},{"issue":"7","key":"8190_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2025.101088","volume":"6","author":"K Pillay","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pillay K, Keddie SH, Fitchett E, Akinde C, B\u00e4renbold O, Bradley J, Falconer J, Keogh RH, Lim ZN, Nezafat Maldonado B, Maynard-Smith L, Sugrue E, Taylor O, Hopkins H, Dubot-P\u00e9r\u00e8s A (2025) Evaluating the performance of common reference laboratory tests for acute dengue diagnosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RT-PCR, NS1 ELISA, and IgM ELISA. Lancet Microbe 6(7):101088. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanmic.2025.101088","journal-title":"LANCET MICROBE"},{"issue":"19","key":"8190_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabn7424","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abn7424","volume":"8","author":"F Ludolf","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ludolf F, Ramos FF, Bagno FF, Oliveira-da-Silva JA, Reis TAR, Christodoulides M, Vassallo PF, Ravetti CG, Nobre V, da Fonseca FG, Coelho EAF (2022) Detecting anti\u2013SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in urine samples: A noninvasive and sensitive way to assay COVID-19 immune conversion. Sci Adv 8(19):eabn7424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.abn7424","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"8190_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2020.112777","volume":"173","author":"R Antiochia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Antiochia R (2021) Developments in biosensors for CoV detection and future trends. Biosens Bioelectron 173:112777. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2020.112777","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"key":"8190_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2020.112471","volume":"166","author":"Z Jiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jiang Z, Feng B, Xu J, Qing T, Zhang P, Qing Z (2020) Graphene biosensors for bacterial and viral pathogens. Biosens Bioelectron 166:112471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2020.112471","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"issue":"14","key":"8190_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2213277","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202213277","volume":"33","author":"H Ji","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ji H, Wang Z, Wang S, Wang C, Chu Y, Liu H, Zhang Y, Han L (2023) A Novel InSe-FET Biosensor based on Carrier\u2010Scattering Regulation Derived from the DNA Probe Assembly\u2010Determined Electrostatic Potential Distribution. Adv Funct Mater 33(14):2213277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adfm.202213277","journal-title":"Adv Funct Mater"},{"key":"8190_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wen X, Zhao X, Shan X, Lu H, Gao X, Zhuang S (2024) Biofunctionalization-optimized MoS2-based FET biosensors for the detection of Tau protein. Appl Surf Sci 670160616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apsusc.2024.160616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2024.160616"},{"issue":"1","key":"8190_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08573-8","volume":"10","author":"M Cao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cao M, Zhang C, Cai Z, Xiao C, Chen X, Yi K, Yang Y, Lu Y, Wei D (2019) Enhanced photoelectrical response of thermodynamically epitaxial organic crystals at the two-dimensional limit. Nat Commun 10(1):756. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-019-08573-8","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"11","key":"8190_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10319","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.1c00924","volume":"122","author":"C Dai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dai C, Liu Y, Wei D (2022) Field-Effect Transistor Sensors: The Road toward Commercialization. Chem Rev 122(11):10319\u201310392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.chemrev.1c00924","journal-title":"Chem Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"8190_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17641","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c07910","volume":"16","author":"Z Chai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chai Z, Childress A, Busnaina AA (2022) Directed Assembly of Nanomaterials for Making Nanoscale Devices and Structures: Mechanisms and Applications. ACS Nano 16(11):17641\u201317686. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsnano.2c07910","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"18","key":"8190_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3117","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201000724","volume":"20","author":"M Dankerl","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dankerl M, Hauf MV, Lippert A, Hess LH, Birner S, Sharp ID, Mahmood A, Mallet P, Veuillen JY, Stutzmann M, Garrido JA (2010) Graphene Solution-Gated Field\u2010Effect Transistor Array for Sensing Applications. Adv Funct Mater 20(18):3117\u20133124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adfm.201000724","journal-title":"Adv Funct Mater"},{"key":"8190_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2021.129544","volume":"332","author":"J Fang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fang J, Li J, Feng R, Yang L, Zhao L, Zhang N, Zhao G, Yue Q, Wei Q, Cao W (2021) Dual-quenching electrochemiluminescence system based on novel acceptor CoOOH@ Au NPs for early detection of procalcitonin. Sens Actuators B: Chem 332:129544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.snb.2021.129544","journal-title":"Sens Actuators B: Chem"},{"issue":"18","key":"8190_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201202672","volume":"23","author":"CT Lin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lin CT, Loan PTK, Chen TY, Liu KK, Chen CH, Wei KH, Li LJ (2013) Label-Free Electrical Detection of DNA Hybridization on Graphene using Hall Effect Measurements: Revisiting the Sensing Mechanism. Adv Funct Mater 23(18):2301\u20132307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adfm.201202672","journal-title":"Adv Funct Mater"},{"issue":"4","key":"8190_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"041314","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0060797","volume":"8","author":"K Peng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Peng K, Johnston MB (2021) The application of one-dimensional nanostructures in terahertz frequency devices. Appl Phys Rev 8(4):041314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/5.0060797","journal-title":"Appl Phys Rev"},{"key":"8190_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Siva S, Bodkhe GA, Cong C, Hyun Kim S, Kim M (2024) Electrohydrodynamic-printed ultrathin Ti3C2Tx-MXene field-effect transistor for probing aflatoxin B1. Chem Eng J 479147492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cej.2023.147492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.147492"},{"issue":"51","key":"8190_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2308049","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202308049","volume":"19","author":"A Merkoci","year":"2023","unstructured":"Merkoci A (2023) Advanced Materials for Biosensors - Special Issue of SMALL. Small 19(51):2308049. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.202308049","journal-title":"Small"},{"issue":"15","key":"8190_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14619","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c01812","volume":"17","author":"T Yin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yin T, Xu L, Gil B, Merali N, Sokolikova MS, Gaboriau DCA, Liu DSK, Muhammad Mustafa AN, Alodan S, Chen M, Txoperena O, Arrastua M, Gomez JM, Ontoso N, Elicegui M, Torres E, Li D, Mattevi C, Frampton AE, Jiao LR, Ramadan S, Klein N (2023) Graphene Sensor Arrays for Rapid and Accurate Detection of Pancreatic Cancer Exosomes in Patients\u2019 Blood Plasma Samples. ACS Nano 17(15):14619\u201314631. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsnano.3c01812","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"27","key":"8190_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14331","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c01317","volume":"97","author":"SE Seo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Seo SE, Kim KH, Kim JS, Lee KG, Kim HI, Kwon OS (2025) Accurate and Sensitive Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria Living in Wastewater via Aptamer-Loaded GFET for Sewage Treatment Analysis. Anal Chem 97(27):14331\u201314338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c01317","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"issue":"8","key":"8190_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2888","DOI":"10.1080\/10408347.2023.2211164","volume":"54","author":"F Bonyadi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bonyadi F, Kavruk M, Ucak S, Cetin B, Bayramoglu G, Dursun AD, Arica Y, Ozalp VC (2023) Real-Time Biosensing Bacteria and Virus with Quartz Crystal Microbalance: Recent Advances, Opportunities, and Challenges. Crit Rev Anal Chem 54(8):2888\u20132899. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408347.2023.2211164","journal-title":"Crit Rev Anal Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"8190_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-024-06345-w","volume":"191","author":"Y Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu Y, Wang M, Chen F, Zhang Y, Hai W (2024) On-site detection of infectious disease based on CaCO(3)-based magnetic micromotor integrated with graphene field effect transistor. Mikrochim Acta 191(5):257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00604-024-06345-w","journal-title":"Mikrochim Acta"},{"key":"8190_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2024.342804","volume":"1315","author":"Y Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu Y, Zhang Y, Chen F, Wang M, Liu J, Hai W (2024) Sensitive detection of infectious disease utilizing carbon Sphere@Fe(3)O(4) micromotor combined with graphene field-effect transistor. Anal Chim Acta 1315:342804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aca.2024.342804","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"},{"issue":"5","key":"8190_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.1039\/c7nr08291f","volume":"10","author":"PL Venugopalan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Venugopalan PL, Jain S, Shivashankar S, Ghosh A (2018) Single coating of zinc ferrite renders magnetic nanomotors therapeutic and stable against agglomeration. Nanoscale 10(5):2327\u20132332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c7nr08291f","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"issue":"9","key":"8190_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3892","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.1c11749","volume":"144","author":"M Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu M, Chen L, Zhao Z, Liu M, Zhao T, Ma Y, Zhou Q, Ibrahim YS, Elzatahry AA, Li X et al (2022) Enzyme-Based Mesoporous Nanomotors with Near-Infrared Optical Brakes. J Am Chem Soc 144(9):3892\u20133901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jacs.1c11749","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"issue":"49","key":"8190_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2412653","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202412653","volume":"36","author":"BB Luan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Luan BB, Chu X, Wang Y, Qiao X, Jiang Y, Zhang FM (2024) Construction of COF\/COF Organic S-Scheme Heterostructure for Enhanced Overall Water Splitting. Adv Mater 36(49):2412653. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.202412653","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"issue":"50","key":"8190_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2004043","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202004043","volume":"30","author":"M Valdez-Gardu\u00f1o","year":"2020","unstructured":"Valdez-Gardu\u00f1o M, Leal\u2010Estrada M, Oliveros\u2010Mata ES, Sandoval\u2010Bojorquez DI, Soto F, Wang J, Garcia\u2010Gradilla V (2020) Density Asymmetry Driven Propulsion of Ultrasound\u2010Powered Janus Micromotors. Adv Funct Mater 30(50):2004043. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adfm.202004043","journal-title":"Adv Funct Mater"},{"issue":"6","key":"8190_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1021\/ja511012v","volume":"137","author":"T Xu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xu T, Soto F, Gao W, Dong R, Garcia-Gradilla V, Maga\u00f1a E, Zhang X, Wang J (2015) Reversible Swarming and Separation of Self-Propelled Chemically Powered Nanomotors under Acoustic Fields. J Am Chem Soc 137(6):2163\u20132166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ja511012v","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"issue":"10","key":"8190_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4696","volume":"15","author":"J Yan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yan J, Han M, Zhang J, Xu C, Luijten E, Granick S (2016) Reconfiguring active particles by electrostatic imbalance. Nat Mater 15(10):1095\u20131099. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nmat4696","journal-title":"Nat Mater"},{"issue":"6","key":"8190_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2210","DOI":"10.1039\/d4qi02963a","volume":"12","author":"C Lv","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lv C, Wang T, Fang Y, Ying Y, Ji L, Liu L, Wang S (2025) Pt single atom and atomic cluster-enhanced TiO2 Janus micromotors for efficient bubble propulsion and photocatalytic environmental remediation. Inorg Chem Front 12(6):2210\u20132223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d4qi02963a","journal-title":"Inorg Chem Front"},{"key":"8190_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Qiu B, Xie L, Zeng J, Liu T, Yan M, Zhou S, Liang Q, Tang J, Liang K, Kong B (2021) Interfacially super-assembled asymmetric and H2O2 sensitive multilayer\u2010sandwich magnetic mesoporous silica nanomotors for detecting and removing heavy metal ions. Adv Funct Mater 31(21). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adfm.202010694","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202010694"},{"key":"8190_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lan D, Xue J, Chen Q, Deng P, Zong H, Chi Y, Tang J, Liang K (2025) Self-propelled MOF nanomotors for dual-function capture and photocatalytic removal of organic contaminant in water. SM&T 43:e01324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.susmat.2025.e01324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.susmat.2025.e01324"},{"issue":"2","key":"8190_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.4c02996","volume":"10","author":"H Zhou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhou H, Liu Q, Chen M, Xie Y, Xu W, Zhang X, Jiang C, Dou P, Fang Z, Wang H, Zheng S (2025) Urease-Driven Janus Nanomotors for Dynamic Enrichment and Multiplexed Detection of Bladder Cancer MicroRNAs in Urine. ACS Sens 10(2):1155\u20131165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acssensors.4c02996","journal-title":"ACS Sens"},{"issue":"37","key":"8190_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2103134","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202103134","volume":"31","author":"W Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu W, Dong C, Hu H, Qian X, Chang L, Jiang Q, Yu L, Chen Y, Zhou J (2021) Engineering Janus Chemoreactive Nanosonosensitizers for Bilaterally Augmented Sonodynamic and Chemodynamic Cancer Nanotherapy. Adv Funct Mater 31(37):2103134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adfm.202103134","journal-title":"Adv Funct Mater"},{"key":"8190_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2024.342804","volume":"1315","author":"Y Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu Y, Zhang Y, Chen F, Wang M, Liu J, Hai W (2024) Sensitive detection of infectious disease utilizing carbon Sphere@Fe3O4 micromotor combined with graphene field-effect transistor. Anal Chim Acta 1315:342804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aca.2024.342804","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"},{"issue":"8","key":"8190_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2953","DOI":"10.1007\/s11164-013-1142-z","volume":"40","author":"X Dong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dong X, Shao Y, Zhang X, Ma H, Zhang X, Shi F, Ma C, Xue M (2014) Synthesis and properties of magnetically separable Fe3O4\/TiO2\/Bi2O3 photocatalysts. Res Chem Intermed 40(8):2953\u20132961. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11164-013-1142-z","journal-title":"Res Chem Intermed"},{"issue":"1","key":"8190_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s42823-023-00604-1","volume":"34","author":"P Rosaiah","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rosaiah P, Divya P, Sambasivam S, Tighezza AM, Kalaivani V, Muthukrishnaraj A, Ayyar M, Niyitanga T, Kim H (2024) Carbon based manganese oxide (MnO2, MnO2\/MWCNT and MnO2\/rGO) composite electrodes for high-stability Li-ion batteries. Carbon Lett 34(1):215\u2013225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42823-023-00604-1","journal-title":"Carbon Lett"},{"key":"8190_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2016.06.008","volume":"221","author":"P Tang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tang P, Shen J, Hu Z, Bai G, Wang M, Peng B, Shen R, Linghu W (2016) High-efficient scavenging of U(VI) by magnetic Fe3O4@gelatin composite. J Mol Liq 221:497\u2013506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molliq.2016.06.008","journal-title":"J Mol Liq"},{"key":"8190_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jiang X, Zhou Y, Chen H, Zhang R, Yu J, Wang S, Jiang F, Bai H, Yang X (2023) A novel hydrangea-like magnetic composite Fe3O4@MnO2@ZIF-67 for efficient selective adsorption of Pd(II) from metallurgical wastewater. Chemosphere 344140432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140432"},{"key":"8190_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kandasamy M, Seetharaman A, Lakshmy S, Arjunan N, Manickavasakam K, Shetty M, Kanchana S, Qin J, Jothivenkatachalam K, Chakraborty B (2024) Defect engineered N-S codoped TiO2 nanoparticles for photocatalytic and optical limiting applications: Experimental and DFT insights. Spectrochim Acta A 310123846. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.saa.2024.123846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2024.123846"},{"key":"8190_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2017.05.045","volume":"322","author":"S Khashan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Khashan S, Dagher S, Tit N, Alazzam A, Obaidat I (2017) Novel method for synthesis of Fe 3 O 4 @TiO 2 core\/shell nanoparticles. SURF COAT TECH 322:92\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2017.05.045","journal-title":"SURF COAT TECH"},{"key":"8190_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2024.126650","volume":"340","author":"C Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu C, Li J, Zuo M, Ng DHL, Yang X, Gao S, Lan Z (2024) Synthesis of carbon dot LDHs@MnO2 tubular magnetic micromotors for detection and degradation of oxytetracycline. Sep Purif Technol 340:126650. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.seppur.2024.126650","journal-title":"Sep Purif Technol"},{"key":"8190_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3106","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.5c00503","volume":"11","author":"M Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang M, Zhou G, Hai W, Zhang Y, Liu Y (2025) High-Sensitivity Detection of Infectious Disease via Fe3O4@UiO-66-NH2 Combined with a Graphene Field-Effect Transistor, ACS Infect. Dis 11:3106\u20133114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsinfecdis.5c00503","journal-title":"Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"8190_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.4c03049","volume":"10","author":"Y Luo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Luo Y, Zhu B, Zhu C, Lai P, Taylor J, Honney C, Nutsford A, Ma C, Chen H, Aw KC, Wu R, Smit E, Zhang P, Travas-Sejdic J (2025) Ultrasensitive, Real-Time Detection of Viral Antigens and RNA Enabled by Scalable Graphene-Based FET Sensors for Pathogen Detection: A Case Study on COVID-19. ACS Sens 10(3):1909\u20131921. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acssensors.4c03049","journal-title":"ACS Sens"},{"issue":"7","key":"8190_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1109\/jproc.2013.2257633","volume":"101","author":"F Schwierz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schwierz F (2013) Graphene Transistors: Status, Prospects, and Problems. Proc IEEE 101(7):1567\u20131584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jproc.2013.2257633","journal-title":"Proc IEEE"},{"key":"8190_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li Y, Peng Z, Holl NJ, Hassan MR, Pappas JM, Wei C, Izadi OH, Wang Y, Dong X, Wang C, Huang Y-W, Kim D, Wu C (2021) MXene\u2013graphene field-effect transistor sensing of influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2. 6(10):6643\u20136653. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.0c05421","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c05421"},{"issue":"9","key":"8190_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2000496","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.202000496","volume":"6","author":"S Peng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Peng S, Jin Z, Yao Y, Huang X, Zhang D, Niu J, Shi J, Zhang Y, Yu G (2020) Controllable p-to\u2010n Type Conductance Transition in Top\u2010Gated Graphene Field Effect Transistor by Interface Trap Engineering. Adv Electron Mater 6(9):2000496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aelm.202000496","journal-title":"Adv Electron Mater"},{"key":"8190_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2017.09.032","volume":"121","author":"M v Agtmaal","year":"2017","unstructured":"v. Agtmaal M, Straathof A, Termorshuizen A, Teurlincx S, Hundscheid M, Ruyters S, Busschaert P, Lievens B, Boer d. W (2017) Exploring the reservoir of potential fungal plant pathogens in agricultural soil. Appl Soil Ecol 121:152\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apsoil.2017.09.032","journal-title":"Appl Soil Ecol"},{"key":"8190_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Essington EA, Vezeau GE, Cetnar DP, Grandinette E, Bell TH, Salis HM An autonomous microbial sensor enables long-term detection of TNT explosive in natural soil. Nat Commun 2024, 15 (1), 10471, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-54866-y","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-54866-y"},{"key":"8190_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Soufi G, Maric T, Badillo-Ram\u00edrez I, Christfort JF, Tollemeto M, Guimera CM, Nisula C, Zappal\u00e1 G, De Vittorio L, Rubio\u2010Huertas M, Kim S, Li Z, Svendsen MBS, Zhang Z, Boisen A (2026) SERS\u2010based nano\u2010 and microsystems toward biomedical applications. Small 22:e73304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.73304","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.73304"}],"container-title":["Microchimica Acta"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00604-026-08190-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00604-026-08190-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00604-026-08190-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T13:32:24Z","timestamp":1783690344000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00604-026-08190-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["8190"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00604-026-08190-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0026-3672","1436-5073"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0026-3672","type":"print"},{"value":"1436-5073","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors affirm that no generative artificial intelligence (AI) or AI-assisted technologies were employed in any part of the research process, including data analysis, interpretation, or manuscript writing.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Generative AI in scientific writing"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"473"}}