{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T05:12:52Z","timestamp":1788844372283,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Sciences Foundation of China,Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province ,Principal Fund of Minnan Normal University","award":["22004054,2024J01809,KJ18014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22004054,2024J01809,KJ18014"]}]},{"name":"Principal Fund of Minnan Normal University","award":["KJ2023002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJ2023002"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Sciences Foundation of China ,Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,Principal Fund of Minnan Normal University","award":["22376089,2021J01991,L21946"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22376089,2021J01991,L21946"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microchim Acta"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-026-08360-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:47:30Z","timestamp":1787752050000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Biochemical reaction-regulated electrocatalytic bipolar electrochemiluminescence platform with immobilization-free and exogenous electroactive-species-free sensing for cholesterol detection"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"193","author":[{"given":"Mengyin","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiqiang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengliang","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiping","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingxiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiancong","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"8360_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-021-00826-6","volume":"5","author":"K Lei","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lei K, Kurum A, Kaynak M, Bonati L, Han Y, Cencen V, Gao M, Xie Y-Q, Guo Y, Hannebelle MTM, Wu Y, Zhou G, Guo M, Fantner GE, Sakar MS, Tang L (2021) Cancer-cell stiffening via cholesterol depletion enhances adoptive T-cell immunotherapy. Nat Biomed Eng 5:1411\u20131425","journal-title":"Nat Biomed Eng"},{"key":"8360_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-023-01160-6","volume":"25","author":"Y-X Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou Y-X, Wei J, Deng G, Hu A, Sun P-Y, Zhao X, Song B-L, Luo J (2023) Delivery of low-density lipoprotein from endocytic carriers to mitochondria supports steroidogenesis. Nat Cell Biol 25:937\u2013949","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"8360_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4564","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.6b00723","volume":"32","author":"FM Coreta-Gomes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Coreta-Gomes FM, Vaz WLC, Wasielewski E, Geraldes CFG, Moreno MJ (2016) Quantification of cholesterol solubilized in dietary micelles: dependence on human bile salt variability and the presence of dietary food ingredients. Langmuir 32:4564\u20134574","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"8360_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113243","volume":"183","author":"T Xia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xia T, Liu G, Wang J, Hou S, Hou S (2021) MXene-based enzymatic sensor for highly sensitive and selective detection of cholesterol. Biosens Bioelectron 183:113243","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"key":"8360_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.RA119000512","volume":"61","author":"D Yamamuro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yamamuro D, Yamazaki H, Osuga J-I, Okada K, Wakabayashi T, Takei A, Takei S, Takahashi M, Nagashima S, Holleboom AG, Kuroda M, Bujo H, Ishibashi S (2020) Esterification of 4\u03b2-hydroxycholesterol and other oxysterols in human plasma occurs independently of LCAT. J Lipid Res 61:1287\u20131299","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"8360_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-022-01195-9","volume":"7","author":"HH Le","year":"2022","unstructured":"Le HH, Lee M-T, Besler KR, Comrie JMC, Johnson EL (2022) Characterization of interactions of dietary cholesterol with the murine and human gut microbiome. Nat Microbiol 7:1390\u20131403","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"8360_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2017.11.037","volume":"102","author":"Y Huang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huang Y, Tan J, Cui L, Zhou Z, Zhou S, Zhang Z, Zheng R, Xue Y, Zhang M, Li S, Zhu N, Liang J, Li G, Zhong L, Zhao Y (2018) Graphene and Au NPs co-mediated enzymatic silver deposition for the ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of cholesterol. Biosens Bioelectron 102:560\u2013567","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"key":"8360_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s12161-017-1001-4","volume":"11","author":"R Dom\u00ednguez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dom\u00ednguez R, Barba FJ, Centeno JA, Putnik P, Alpas H, Lorenzo JM (2018) Simple and rapid method for the simultaneous determination of cholesterol and retinol in meat using normal-phase HPLC technique. Food Anal Methods 11:319\u2013326","journal-title":"Food Anal Methods"},{"key":"8360_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3926","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.4c05166","volume":"97","author":"C Mu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mu C, Feng D, Khan M, Song H, Munir S, Hu Q, Yu L (2025) Colorimetric, quantitative, and portable liquid crystal elastomer biosensing of cholesterol and malathion. Anal Chem 97:3926\u20133936","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"8360_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2024.112618","volume":"208","author":"ST Alsharif","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alsharif ST, Mahmoud AM, El-Wekil MM, Ali A-M (2025) Dual-signal ratiometric fluorescence detection of cholesterol using a CYS@Zn\/CDs\/cholesterol oxidase system. Microchem J 208:112618","journal-title":"Microchem J"},{"key":"8360_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.133278","volume":"393","author":"L Bene\u0161ov\u00e1","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bene\u0161ov\u00e1 L, Klouda J, Bl\u00e1hov\u00e1 E, Nesm\u011br\u00e1k K, Ko\u010dovsk\u00fd P, N\u00e1dvorn\u00edkov\u00e1 J, Bart\u00e1k P, Skopalov\u00e1 J, Schwarzov\u00e1-Peckov\u00e1 K (2022) Non-enzymatic electrochemical determination of cholesterol in dairy products on boron-doped diamond electrode. Food Chem 393:133278","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"8360_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.3390\/bios14080403","volume":"14","author":"X Ma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ma X, Zhang Z, Zheng Y, Liu J (2024) Solid-phase electrochemiluminescence enzyme electrodes based on nanocage arrays for highly sensitive detection of cholesterol. Biosensors 14:403","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"8360_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5709","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-023-04847-9","volume":"415","author":"S Mutic","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mutic S, Stankovic D, Konya Z, Anojcic J (2023) Facile immobilization of cholesterol oxidase on Pt,Ru-C nanocomposite and ionic liquid-modified carbon paste electrode for an efficient amperometric free cholesterol biosensing. Anal Bioanal Chem 415:5709\u20135722","journal-title":"Anal Bioanal Chem"},{"key":"8360_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4080","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.4c00412","volume":"7","author":"N Ayyandurai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ayyandurai N, Venkatesan S, Raman S (2024) A sensitive enzymatic electrochemical biosensor for cholesterol based on cobalt ferrite@molybdenum disulfide\/gold nanoparticles. ACS Appl Bio Mater 7:4080\u20134092","journal-title":"ACS Appl Bio Mater"},{"key":"8360_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.0c04524","volume":"93","author":"KL Rahn","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rahn KL, Anand RK (2021) Recent advancements in bipolar electrochemical methods of analysis. Anal Chem 93:103\u2013123","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"8360_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9557","DOI":"10.1039\/D5AY01723H","volume":"17","author":"Y Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen Y, Liu P, Wang F, Qi Y, Xiong X, Liu Y (2025) Construction of a shared-cathode closed bipolar electrode for type 2 diabetes mellitus preliminary screening. Anal Methods 17:9557\u20139564","journal-title":"Anal Methods"},{"key":"8360_CR17","first-page":"1889","volume":"51","author":"L-Y Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu L-Y, Huang S-X, Yao Q-D, Yang W-Q, Ni J-C (2023) Sensing\/reporting-separated bipolar-electrochemiluminescence enzyme biosensor for detection of cholesterol. Chin J Anal Chem 51:1889\u20131897","journal-title":"Chin J Anal Chem"},{"key":"8360_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.0c04307","volume":"93","author":"F Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang F, Liu Y, Fu C, Li N, Du M, Zhang L, Ge S, Yu J (2021) Paper-based bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence platform for detection of multiple miRNAs. Anal Chem 93:1702\u20131708","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"8360_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2024.138471","volume":"442","author":"W Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu W, Liu Y, Xiao Z, Jin L, Wu M (2024) Ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence biosensor based on polymethylene blue nanoparticles and DNA network for Staphylococcus aureus detection. Food Chem 442:138471","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"8360_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115452","volume":"237","author":"Q Tao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tao Q, Tang N, Jiang Y, Chen B, Liu Y, Xiong X, Liu S (2023) Double bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence color switch for food-borne pathogens detection. Biosens Bioelectron 237:115452","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"key":"8360_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18735","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c03409","volume":"97","author":"J Ni","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ni J, Xu X, Yang B, Liu L, Yang W, Chen X, Chen G, Wang Q, Lin Z (2025) Indicator-free detection of hyaluronidase based on a conductivity-regulated bipolar electrochemiluminescence platform. Anal Chem 97:18735\u201318741","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"8360_CR22","first-page":"12577","volume":"96","author":"J Ni","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ni J, Yang B, Liu L, Dai X, Yang W, Wang Q, Chen X, Song Z, Lin Z (2024) Conductivity-regulated bipolar electrochemiluminescence sensing platform for indicator-free homogeneous bioassay. Anal Chem 96:12577\u201312583","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"8360_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13707","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c02566","volume":"97","author":"B Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang B, Yang W, Chen F, Song Z, Chen X, Wang Q, Ni J, Lin Z (2025) Bipolar electrochemiluminescence detection of ampicillin resistance genes via HRCA-mediated precipitation-induced conductivity modulation. Anal Chem 97:13707\u201313714","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"8360_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3558","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201306828","volume":"53","author":"S Kleijn","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kleijn S, Lai S, Koper M, Unwin P (2014) Electrochemistry of nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed 53:3558\u20133586","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed"},{"key":"8360_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-019-3408-7","volume":"186","author":"X Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang X, Shi W, Bao N, Yu C, Gu H (2019) Electrochemically reduced graphene oxide and gold nanoparticles on an indium tin oxide electrode for voltammetric sensing of dopamine. Microchim Acta 186:310","journal-title":"Microchim Acta"},{"key":"8360_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snr.2024.100278","volume":"9","author":"S Shafaei","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shafaei S, Mohammad-Rezaei R, Khalilzadeh B, Isildak I (2025) Platinum nanoparticles decorated on electrodeposited Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets as an ultrasensitive biosensor for CA15-3 detection. Sens Actuators Rep 9:100278","journal-title":"Sens Actuators Rep"},{"key":"8360_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18957","DOI":"10.1021\/jp405302x","volume":"117","author":"JJ Burk","year":"2013","unstructured":"Burk JJ, Buratto SK (2013) Electrodeposition of Pt nanoparticle catalysts from H2Pt(OH)6 and their application in PEM fuel cells. J Phys Chem C 117:18957\u201318966","journal-title":"J Phys Chem C"},{"key":"8360_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2008.10.007","volume":"24","author":"Y Ma","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ma Y, Di J, Yan X, Zhao M, Lu Z, Tu Y (2009) Direct electrodeposition of gold nanoparticles on indium tin oxide surface and its application. Biosens Bioelectron 24:1480\u20131483","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"key":"8360_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3390\/nano13010048","volume":"13","author":"J Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim J, Kim B-K, Park K (2023) Electrodeposition of silver nanoparticles on indium-doped tin oxide using hydrogel electrolyte for hydrogen peroxide sensing. Nanomaterials 13:48","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"8360_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/19.12.1350","volume":"19","author":"W Richmond","year":"1973","unstructured":"Richmond W (1973) Preparation and properties of a cholesterol oxidase from Nocardia sp. and its application to the enzymatic assay of total cholesterol in serum. Clin Chem 19:1350\u20131356","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"8360_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2024.04.177","volume":"104","author":"ZA Che Ramli","year":"2025","unstructured":"Che Ramli ZA, Pasupuleti J, Nik Zaiman NFH, Tengku Saharuddin TS, Samidin S, Wan Isahak WNR, Sofiah AGN, Kamarudin SK, Tiong SK (2025) Evaluating electrocatalytic activities of Pt, Pd, Au and Ag-based catalyst on PEMFC performance: a review. Int J Hydrogen Energy 104:463\u2013486","journal-title":"Int J Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"8360_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20561","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.0c04258","volume":"59","author":"Y Lin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lin Y, Cao Y, Yao Q, Chai OJH, Xie J (2020) Engineering noble metal nanomaterials for pollutant decomposition. Ind Eng Chem Res 59:20561\u201320581","journal-title":"Ind Eng Chem Res"},{"key":"8360_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2020.136406","volume":"350","author":"J Dolinska","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dolinska J, Holdynski M, Ambroziak R, Modrzejewska-Sikorska A, Milczarek G, Pisarek M, Opallo M (2020) The medium effect on electrodissolution of adsorbed or suspended Ag nanoparticles. Electrochim Acta 350:136406","journal-title":"Electrochim Acta"},{"key":"8360_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1002\/open.201500100","volume":"4","author":"DV Navolotskaya","year":"2015","unstructured":"Navolotskaya DV, Toh HS, Batchelor\u2013McAuley C, Compton RG (2015) Voltammetric Study of the Influence of Various Phosphate Anions on Silver Nanoparticle Oxidation. ChemistryOpen 4:595\u2013599","journal-title":"ChemistryOpen"},{"key":"8360_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7544","DOI":"10.1021\/ja802013q","volume":"130","author":"K-F Chow","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chow K-F, Mavr\u00e9 F, Crooks RM (2008) Wireless Electrochemical DNA Microarray Sensor. J Am Chem Soc 130:7544\u20137545","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"8360_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2023.135235","volume":"404","author":"M Cao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cao M, Huang C, Zhang Y, Yang X, Cui L, Li A, Xu J, Liu J (2024) Molecularly imprinted sensor based on cascade enzyme system supported by metal-organic framework (UiO-66-NH2) for sensitive colorimetric detection of cholesterol. Sens Actuators B Chem 404:135235","journal-title":"Sens Actuators B Chem"},{"key":"8360_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2023.128336","volume":"309","author":"L Ding","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ding L, Wang S, Li Q, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Jiang X, Ma F (2023) Dual-mode cholesterol sensor based on gold nanorods and carbon quantum dots. Mater Chem Phys 309:128336","journal-title":"Mater Chem Phys"},{"key":"8360_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sintl.2021.100111","volume":"2","author":"B Batra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Batra B, Narwal V, Ahlawat J, Sharma M (2021) An amperometric cholesterol biosensor based on immobilization of cholesterol oxidase onto titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Sens Int 2:100111","journal-title":"Sens Int"},{"key":"8360_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2017.2779519","volume":"18","author":"V Semwal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Semwal V, Gupta BD (2018) LSPR- and SPR-based fiber-optic cholesterol sensor using immobilization of cholesterol oxidase over silver nanoparticles coated graphene oxide nanosheets. IEEE Sens J 18:1039\u20131046","journal-title":"IEEE Sens J"}],"container-title":["Microchimica Acta"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00604-026-08360-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00604-026-08360-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00604-026-08360-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T05:04:43Z","timestamp":1788843883000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00604-026-08360-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["8360"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00604-026-08360-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0026-3672","1436-5073"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0026-3672","type":"print"},{"value":"1436-5073","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All procedures involving human serum samples were approved by the institutional ethics committee of Zhangzhou Hospital. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"644"}}