{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:13:23Z","timestamp":1792782803776,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["No. 82160494"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 82160494"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microchim Acta"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-026-08412-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T13:07:46Z","timestamp":1789996066000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of a graphene oxide-based PEGylated fluorescent aptasensor with ultrahigh-sensitivity and anti-fouling properties for the detection of serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"193","author":[{"given":"Qi","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ding-Fan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Hui","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun-He","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"8412_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molonc.2012.01.010","volume":"6","author":"NL Henry","year":"2012","unstructured":"Henry NL, Hayes DF (2012) Cancer biomarkers. Mol Oncol 6:140\u2013146.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molonc.2012.01.010","journal-title":"Mol Oncol"},{"key":"8412_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2021.06.010","volume":"29","author":"S Shigdar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shigdar S, Schrand B, Giangrande PH et al (2021) Aptamers: Cutting edge of cancer therapies. Mol Ther 29:2396\u20132411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ymthe.2021.06.010","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"8412_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-023-00510-8","volume":"11","author":"Y Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li Y, Tam WW, Yu Y et al (2023) The application of Aptamer in biomarker discovery. Biomark Res 11:70. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40364-023-00510-8","journal-title":"Biomark Res"},{"key":"8412_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2025.115692","volume":"226","author":"Y Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li Y, Zamay TN, Luzan NA et al (2025) Aptamers as a new frontier in targeted cancer therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 226:115692. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addr.2025.115692","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"8412_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1021\/cbmi.4c00103","volume":"3","author":"Y Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li Y, Shao T, Kuang J et al (2025) Aptamers as a New Frontier in Molecular Cancer Imaging Technologies. Chem Biomed Imaging 3:267\u2013279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/cbmi.4c00103","journal-title":"Chem Biomed Imaging"},{"key":"8412_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24329","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c10238","volume":"17","author":"J Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu J, Ren Z, Sun Y et al (2023) Investigation of the Relationship between Aptamers\u2019 Targeting Functions and Human Plasma Proteins. ACS Nano 17:24329\u201324342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsnano.3c10238","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"8412_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c05682","volume":"17","author":"J Toro-Mendoza","year":"2023","unstructured":"Toro-Mendoza J, Maio L, Gallego M et al (2023) Bioinspired Polyethylene Glycol Coatings for Reduced Nanoparticle\u2013Protein Interactions. ACS Nano 17:955\u2013965. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsnano.2c05682","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"8412_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6634","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c01051","volume":"16","author":"Y Xue","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xue Y, Gao H-M, Yu L et al (2022) Physisorption of Poly(ethylene glycol) on Inorganic Nanoparticles. ACS Nano 16:6634\u20136645. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsnano.2c01051","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"8412_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm.11.19","volume":"6","author":"JV Jokerst","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jokerst JV, Lobovkina T, Zare RN et al (2011) Nanoparticle PEGylation for imaging and therapy. Nanomed (Lond) 6:715\u2013728. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/nnm.11.19","journal-title":"Nanomed (Lond)"},{"key":"8412_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fshw.2022.09.007","volume":"12","author":"Y Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang Y, Li H, Zhou J et al (2023) An antifouling polydopamine-based fluorescent aptasensor for determination of arginine kinase. Food Sci Hum Wellness 12:737\u2013744. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fshw.2022.09.007","journal-title":"Food Sci Hum Wellness"},{"key":"8412_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.3390\/bios13090881","volume":"13","author":"Z Hu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hu Z, Zhu R, Figueroa-Miranda G et al (2023) Truncated Electrochemical Aptasensor with Enhanced Antifouling Capability for Highly Sensitive Serotonin Detection. Biosens (Basel) 13:881. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bios13090881","journal-title":"Biosens (Basel)"},{"key":"8412_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31153","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b09529","volume":"9","author":"G Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang G, Xu Q, Liu L et al (2017) Mixed Self-Assembly of Polyethylene Glycol and Aptamer on Polydopamine Surface for Highly Sensitive and Low-Fouling Detection of Adenosine Triphosphate in Complex Media. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9:31153\u201331160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.7b09529","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"key":"8412_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sinawang PD, Soto F, Ozen MO et al (2021) Progress and challenges in biomarker enrichment for cancer early detection. Prog Biomed Eng (Bristol) 3:043001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/2516-1091\/ac1ea3","DOI":"10.1088\/2516-1091\/ac1ea3"},{"key":"8412_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/s41699-021-00202-7","volume":"5","author":"SS Sekhon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sekhon SS, Kaur P, Kim Y-H et al (2021) 2D graphene oxide\u2013aptamer conjugate materials for cancer diagnosis. npj 2D Mater Appl 5:21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41699-021-00202-7","journal-title":"npj 2D Mater Appl"},{"key":"8412_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2116","DOI":"10.1080\/10667857.2021.1943120","volume":"37","author":"J Zheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zheng J, Di Y, Gao L et al (2022) Construction of fluorescent biosensing system based on DNA templated quantum dots- graphene oxide interactions for detecting carcinoembryonic antigen. Mater Technol 37:2116\u20132122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10667857.2021.1943120","journal-title":"Mater Technol"},{"key":"8412_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s41664-021-00201-z","volume":"6","author":"P-JJ Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang P-JJ, Liu J (2022) Signaling Kinetics of DNA and Aptamer Biosensors Revealing Graphene Oxide Surface Heterogeneity. J Anal Test 6:20\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41664-021-00201-z","journal-title":"J Anal Test"},{"key":"8412_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2021.338859","volume":"1188","author":"K Ma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma K, Li X, Xu B et al (2021) Label-free bioassay with graphene oxide-based fluorescent aptasensors: A review. Anal Chim Acta 1188:338859. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aca.2021.338859","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"},{"key":"8412_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3461","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.25179","volume":"8","author":"X Huang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huang X, He Z, Guo D et al (2018) Three-in-one Nanohybrids as Synergistic Nanoquenchers to Enhance No-Wash Fluorescence Biosensors for Ratiometric Detection of Cancer Biomarkers. Theranostics 8:3461\u20133473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/thno.25179","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"8412_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2018.01.235","volume":"262","author":"Y Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang Y, Wang S, Lu C et al (2018) Three kinds of DNA-directed nanoclusters cooperating with graphene oxide for assaying mucin 1, carcinoembryonic antigen and cancer antigen 125. Sens Actuators B 262:9\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.snb.2018.01.235","journal-title":"Sens Actuators B"},{"key":"8412_CR20","unstructured":"Smith CL (2010) Compositions comprising nucleic acid aptamers. United States patent US 2010\/0254901 A1"},{"key":"8412_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2022.112452","volume":"214","author":"H Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang H, Zhang Z, Chen J et al (2022) Conformation-dominated surface antifouling and aqueous lubrication. Colloids Surf B 214:112452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2022.112452","journal-title":"Colloids Surf B"},{"key":"8412_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2022.112452","volume":"214","author":"H Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang H, Zhang Z, Chen J et al (2022) Conformation-dominated surface antifouling and aqueous lubrication. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 214:112452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2022.112452","journal-title":"Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"8412_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11610","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b06856","volume":"12","author":"PJ Molino","year":"2018","unstructured":"Molino PJ, Yang D, Penna M et al (2018) Hydration Layer Structure of Biofouling-Resistant Nanoparticles. ACS Nano 12:11610\u201311624. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsnano.8b06856","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"8412_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202311224","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202311224","volume":"62","author":"H Lu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lu H, Wang Y, Hill SK et al (2023) Supra-Cyanines: Ultrabright Cyanine-Based Fluorescent Supramolecular Materials in Solution and in the Solid State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 62:e202311224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/anie.202311224","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed Engl"},{"key":"8412_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2018.11.011","volume":"195","author":"Y Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang Y, Wei Z, Luo X et al (2019) An ultrasensitive homogeneous aptasensor for carcinoembryonic antigen based on upconversion fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Talanta 195:33\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.talanta.2018.11.011","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"8412_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2021.339000","volume":"1183","author":"Y Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu Y, Chen X, Luo X et al (2021) Bimetallic organic framework Cu\/UiO-66 mediated fluorescence turn-on method for ultrasensitive and rapid detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Anal Chim Acta 1183:339000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aca.2021.339000","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"},{"key":"8412_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1007\/s10895-022-02973-8","volume":"32","author":"D Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu D, Zha Z, Tang S et al (2022) Modification-Free Fluorescent Biosensor for CEA Based on Polydopamine-Coated Upconversion Nanoparticles. J Fluoresc 32:1289\u20131297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10895-022-02973-8","journal-title":"J Fluoresc"},{"key":"8412_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1039\/d3ay02175k","volume":"16","author":"Y Yuan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yuan Y, Di Y, Chen Y et al (2024) A fluorescent aptasensor for highly sensitive and selective detection of carcinoembryonic antigen based on upconversion nanoparticles and WS(2) nanosheets. Anal methods: Adv methods Appl 16:1225\u20131231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d3ay02175k","journal-title":"Anal methods: Adv methods Appl"},{"key":"8412_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2025.114197","volume":"215","author":"S Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen S, Yan H, Tang Q et al (2025) A novel FAM-based fluorescent aptasensor with covalent organic framework as quencher for sensitive determination of carcinoembryonic antigen. Microchem J 215:114197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.microc.2025.114197","journal-title":"Microchem J"}],"container-title":["Microchimica Acta"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00604-026-08412-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00604-026-08412-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00604-026-08412-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T10:06:28Z","timestamp":1791367588000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00604-026-08412-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["8412"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00604-026-08412-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0026-3672","1436-5073"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0026-3672","type":"print"},{"value":"1436-5073","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study conformed to the provisions of the Declaration of Helsinki, and has been approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University[(2025)CDYFYYLK(08\u2009\u2212\u2009004)].","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"No artificial intelligence tools were used in the preparation of this manuscript, including the figures and graphical abstract.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"The usage of Artificial Intelligence tools","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Informed consents were acquired from all participants.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Clinical trial number","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"691"}}