{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T07:05:27Z","timestamp":1792652727806,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,24]],"date-time":"2015-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1432425600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Neurochir"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-015-2453-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,23]],"date-time":"2015-05-23T02:37:47Z","timestamp":1432348667000},"page":"1187-1196","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Keyhole interlaminar dorsal rhizotomy for spastic diplegia in cerebral palsy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"157","author":[{"given":"Marc","family":"Sindou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Georgoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2453_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6708-3_30","volume-title":"Neurosurgery for spasticity: a multidisciplinary approach","author":"R Abbott","year":"1991","unstructured":"Abbott R (1991) Indications for surgery to treat children with spasticity due to cerebral palsy. In: Sindou M, Abbott R, Keravel Y (eds) Neurosurgery for spasticity: a multidisciplinary approach. Springer, Wien New York, pp 215\u2013217"},{"key":"2453_CR2","first-page":"387","volume-title":"Practical Handbook of Neurosurgery","author":"R Abbott","year":"2009","unstructured":"Abbott R (2009) Selective dorsal rhizotomy for the treatment of childhood spasticity. In: Sindou M (ed) Practical Handbook of Neurosurgery, vol 3. Springer, Wien New York, pp 387\u2013395"},{"key":"2453_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00271889","volume":"5","author":"R Abbott","year":"1989","unstructured":"Abbott R, Forem SL, Johann M (1989) Selective posterior rhizotomy for the treatment of spasticity: a review. Childs Nerv Syst 5:337\u2013346","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"2453_CR4","first-page":"540","volume":"192","author":"B Ashworth","year":"1964","unstructured":"Ashworth B (1964) Preliminary trial of carisoprodol in multiple sclerosis. Practitioner 192:540\u2013542","journal-title":"Practitioner"},{"key":"2453_CR5","first-page":"261","volume":"5","author":"JR Cobb","year":"1948","unstructured":"Cobb JR (1948) Outline for the study of scoliosis. AAOS Instr Course Lect 5:261","journal-title":"AAOS Instr Course Lect"},{"key":"2453_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(91)90003-R","volume":"35","author":"AR Cohen","year":"1991","unstructured":"Cohen AR, Webster HC (1991) How selective is selective posterior rhizotomy. Surg Neurol 35:267\u2013272","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"2453_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162201001761","volume":"44","author":"D Damiano","year":"2002","unstructured":"Damiano D, Quinlivan J, Owen B, Payne P, Nelson K, Abel M (2002) What does the Ashworth scale really measure and are instrumented measures more valid and precise? Dev Med Child Neurol 44:112\u2013118","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"2453_CR8","first-page":"8","volume":"105","author":"JR Engsberg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Engsberg JR, Ross SA, Collins DR, Park TS (2006) Effect of selective dorsal rhizotomy in the treatment of children with cerebral palsy. J Neurosurg 105(1 Suppl):8\u201315","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2453_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1053\/j.otns.2005.01.001","volume":"7","author":"JP Farmer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Farmer JP, McNeely PD (2004) Surgery in the dorsal roots for children with cerebral palsy. Oper Tech Neurosurg 7:153\u2013156","journal-title":"Oper Tech Neurosurg"},{"key":"2453_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-007-0398-2","volume":"23","author":"JP Farmer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Farmer JP, Sabbagh AJ (2007) Selective dorsal rhizotomies in the treatment of spasticity related to cerebral palsy. Childs Nerv Syst 23:991\u20131002","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"2453_CR11","first-page":"23","volume":"22","author":"VA Fasano","year":"1976","unstructured":"Fasano VA, Barolat-Romana G, Ivaldi A, Sguazzi A (1976) La radicotomie post\u00e9rieure fonctionnelle dans le traitement de la spasticit\u00e9 c\u00e9r\u00e9brale. Neurochirurgie 22:23\u201334","journal-title":"Neurochirurgie"},{"key":"2453_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-8592-6_57","volume":"30","author":"VA Fasano","year":"1980","unstructured":"Fasano VA, Broggi G, Zeme S, Lo Russo G, Sguazzi A (1980) Long-term results of posterior functional rhizotomy. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 30:435\u2013439","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien)"},{"key":"2453_CR13","first-page":"463","volume":"16","author":"O Foerster","year":"1913","unstructured":"Foerster O (1913) On the indications and results of the excision of posterior spinal nerve roots in men. Surg Gynecol Obstet 16:463\u2013474","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"2453_CR14","first-page":"441","volume":"106","author":"JD Golan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Golan JD, Hall JA, O\u2019Gorman G, Poulin C, Benaroch TE, Cantin MA, Farmer JP (2007) Spinal deformities following selective dorsal rhizotomy. J Neurosurg 106(6 Suppl):441\u2013449","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2453_CR15","first-page":"316","volume":"23","author":"C Gros","year":"1977","unstructured":"Gros C (1977) Table ronde de la Societ\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise de Neurochirurgie sur la chirurgie de la spasticit\u00e9. Neurochirurgie 23:316\u2013388","journal-title":"Neurochirurgie"},{"key":"2453_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-7055-7_3","volume-title":"Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery","author":"C Gros","year":"1979","unstructured":"Gros C (1979) Spasticity: clinical classification and surgical treatment. In: Krayenb\u00fchl \u0397, Brihaye J, Loew F, Logue V, Mingrino S, Pertuiset B, Symon L, Troupp H, Ya\u015fargil MG (eds) Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery, vol 6. Springer, Wien New York, pp 55\u201397"},{"key":"2453_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1159\/000099885","volume":"69","author":"I Hodgkinson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hodgkinson I, B\u00e9rard C, Jindrich ML, Sindou M, Mertens P, B\u00e9rard J (1997) Selective dorsal rhizotomy in children with cerebral palsy: results in 18 cases at one year postoperatively. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 69:259\u2013267","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"2453_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200409000-00013","volume":"24","author":"MB Johnson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Johnson MB, Goldstein L, Thomas SS, Piatt J, Aiona M, Sussman MJ (2004) Spinal deformity after selective dorsal rhizotomy in ambulatory patients with cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Orthop 24:529\u2013536","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"2453_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1983.58.6.0895","volume":"58","author":"LV Laitinen","year":"1983","unstructured":"Laitinen LV, Nilsson S, Fugl-Meyer AR (1983) Selective posterior rhizotomy for treatment of spasticity. J Neurosurg 58:895\u2013899","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2453_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2004.tb00481.x","volume":"46","author":"AH Mackey","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mackey AH, Walt SE, Lobb G, Stott NS (2004) Intraobserver reliability of the modified Tardieu scale in the upper limb of children with hemiplegia. Dev Med Child Neurol 46:267\u2013272","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"2453_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2002.97.2.0315","volume":"97","author":"S Mittal","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mittal S, Farmer JP, Al-Atassi B, Gibis J, Kennedy E, Galli C, Courchesnes G, Poulin C, Cantin MA, Benaroch TE (2002) Long-term functional outcome after selective posterior rhizotomy. J Neurosurg 97:315\u2013325","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2453_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2001.95.1.0067","volume":"95","author":"S Mittal","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mittal S, Farmer JP, Poulin C, Silver K (2001) Reliability of intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring in selective posterior rhizotomy. J Neurosurg 95:67\u201375","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2453_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.22.2.g02mr19257","volume":"22","author":"DS Morell","year":"2002","unstructured":"Morell DS, Pearson JM, Sauser DD (2002) Progressive bone and joint abnormalities of the spine and lower extremities in cerebral palsy. Radiographics 22:257\u2013268","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"2453_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00717399","volume":"11","author":"T Nishida","year":"1995","unstructured":"Nishida T, Thatcher SW, Marty GR (1995) Selective posterior rhizotomy for children with cerebral palsy: a 7-year experience. Childs Nerv Syst 11:374\u2013380","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"2453_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-8-54","volume":"8","author":"E Nordmark","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nordmark E, Lundkvist Josenby A, Lagergren J, Anderson G, Str\u00f6mblad LG, Westbom L (2008) Long-term outcomes five years after selective dorsal rhizotomy. BMC Pediatr 8:54","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"2453_CR26","first-page":"75","volume":"20","author":"TF Novacheck","year":"2000","unstructured":"Novacheck TF, Stout JL, Tervo R (2000) Reliability and validity of the Gillette Functional Assessement Questionnaire as an outcome measure in children with walking disabilities. J Pediatr Orthop 20:75\u201381","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"2453_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1997.tb07414.x","volume":"39","author":"R Palisano","year":"1997","unstructured":"Palisano R, Rosenbaum P, Walter S, Russell D, Wood E, Galuppi B (1997) Development and reliability of a system to classify gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 39:214\u2013223","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"2453_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199311000-00026","volume":"33","author":"TS Park","year":"1993","unstructured":"Park TS, Gaffney PE, Kaufman BA, Molleston MC (1993) Selective lumbosacral dorsal rhizotomy immediately caudal to the conus medullaris for cerebral palsy spasticity. Neurosurgery 33:929\u2013933","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"2453_CR29","first-page":"177","volume-title":"Pediatric neurosurgery","author":"TS Park","year":"2008","unstructured":"Park TS, Johnston JM (2008) Selective dorsal rhizotomy for spastic cerebral palsy. In: Goodrich JT (ed) Pediatric neurosurgery, 2nd edn. Thieme, New York, pp 177\u2013183","edition":"2"},{"key":"2453_CR30","first-page":"119","volume":"62","author":"WJ Peacock","year":"1982","unstructured":"Peacock WJ, Arens LJ (1982) Selective posterior rhizotomy for the relief of spasticity in cerebral palsy. S Afr Med J 62:119\u2013124","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"2453_CR31","first-page":"745","volume":"83","author":"JC Peter","year":"1993","unstructured":"Peter JC, Arens LJ (1993) Selective posterior lumbosacral rhizotomy for the management of cerebral palsy spasticity: a 10-year experience. S Afr Med J 83:745\u2013747","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"2453_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00306275","volume":"9","author":"JC Peter","year":"1993","unstructured":"Peter JC, Hoffman EB, Arens LJ (1993) Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis after five-level lumbosacral laminectomy for selective posterior rhizotomy in cerebral palsy. Childs Nerv Syst 9:285\u2013287, discussion 287\u2013288","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"2453_CR33","first-page":"459","volume-title":"Management of spasticity in cerebral palsy and spinal cord injury. Neurosurgery: state of the art reviews, vol 4(2)","author":"LH Phillips","year":"1989","unstructured":"Phillips LH, Park TS (1989) Electrophysiologic studies of selective posterior rhizotomy patients. In: Park TS, Phillips LH, Peacock WJ (eds) Management of spasticity in cerebral palsy and spinal cord injury. Neurosurgery: state of the art reviews, vol 4(2). Hanley & Belfus, Philadelphia, pp 459\u2013470"},{"key":"2453_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01405946","volume":"35","author":"JM Privat","year":"1976","unstructured":"Privat JM, Benezech J, Frerebeau P, Gros C (1976) Sectorial posterior rhizotomy, a new technique of surgical treatment for spasticity. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 35:181\u2013195","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"2453_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198307000-00013","volume":"3","author":"SL Propst-Proctor","year":"1983","unstructured":"Propst-Proctor SL, Bleck EE (1983) Radiographic determination of lordosis and kyphosis in normal and scoliotic children. J Pediatr Orthop 3:344\u2013346","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"2453_CR36","volume-title":"Gross motor function measure (GMFM-66 & GMFM-88)","author":"DJ Russell","year":"2002","unstructured":"Russell DJ, Rosenbaum PL, Avery LM, Lane \u039c (2002) Gross motor function measure (GMFM-66 & GMFM-88). Mac Keith, London"},{"key":"2453_CR37","first-page":"543","volume":"5","author":"K Salame","year":"2003","unstructured":"Salame K, Ouaknine GE, Rochkind S, Constantini S, Razon N (2003) Surgical treatment of spasticity by selective posterior rhizotomy: 30\u00a0years experience. Isr Med Assoc J 5:543\u2013546","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"key":"2453_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.2.SPINE1068","volume":"15","author":"CM Schirmer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schirmer CM, Shils JL, Arle JE, Cosgrove GR, Dempsey PK, Tarlov E, Kim S, Martin CJ, Fetz C, Moul M, Magge S (2011) Heuristic map of myotomal innervation in humans using direct intraoperative nerve root stimulation. J Neurosurg Spine 15:64\u201370","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"2453_CR39","first-page":"312","volume":"49","author":"M Sindou","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sindou M (2003) Radicotomies dorsales chez l\u2019enfant. Neurochirurgie 49:312\u2013323","journal-title":"Neurochirurgie"},{"key":"2453_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sindou M, Georgoulis G, Mertens P (2014) Neurosurgery for Spasticity: A practical Guide for Treating Children and Adults. Springer: Wien, pp 182\u2013184, 205\u2013207","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-1771-2"},{"key":"2453_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200401000-00007","volume":"24","author":"DA Spiegel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Spiegel DA, Loder RT, Alley KA, Rowley S, Gutknecht S, Smith-Wright DL, Dunn ME (2004) Spinal deformity following selective dorsal rhizotomy. J Pediatr Orthop 24:30\u201336","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"2453_CR42","first-page":"363","volume":"102","author":"P Steinbok","year":"2005","unstructured":"Steinbok P, Hicdonmez T, Sawatzky B, Beauchamp R, Wickenheiser D (2005) Spinal deformities after selective dorsal rhizotomy for spastic cerebral palsy. J Neurosurg 102(4 Suppl):363\u2013373","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2453_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1994.81.3.0354","volume":"81","author":"P Steinbok","year":"1994","unstructured":"Steinbok P, Keyes R, Langill L, Cochrane DD (1994) The validity of electrophysiological criteria used in selective functional posterior rhizotomy for treatment of spastic cerebral palsy. J Neurosurg 81:354\u2013361","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2453_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1159\/000120639","volume":"18","author":"P Steinbok","year":"1992","unstructured":"Steinbok P, Reiner A, Beauchamp RD, Cochrane DD, Keyes R (1992) Selective functional posterior rhizotomy for treatment of spastic cerebral palsy in children: review of 50 consecutive cases. Pediatr Neurosurg 18:34\u201342","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg"},{"key":"2453_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-007-0379-5","volume":"23","author":"P Steinbok","year":"2007","unstructured":"Steinbok P (2007) Selective dorsal rhizotomy for cerebral palsy: a review. Childs Nerv Syst 23:981\u2013990","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"2453_CR46","first-page":"1427","volume":"60","author":"T Taira","year":"2008","unstructured":"Taira T, Hori T (2008) Selective peripheral neurotomy and selective dorsal rhizotomy. Brain Nerve 60:1427\u20131436","journal-title":"Brain Nerve"},{"key":"2453_CR47","first-page":"104","volume":"20","author":"M Turi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Turi M, Kalen V (2000) The risk of spinal deformity after selective dorsal rhizotomy. J Pediatr Orthop 20:104\u2013107","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"2453_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1982.57.4.0441","volume":"57","author":"S Yasuoka","year":"1982","unstructured":"Yasuoka S, Peterson HA, MacCarty CS (1982) Incidence of spinal column deformity after multilevel laminectomy in children and adults. J Neurosurg 57:441\u2013445","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"}],"container-title":["Acta Neurochirurgica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00701-015-2453-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00701-015-2453-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00701-015-2453-1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]],"date-time":"2019-05-29T04:21:08Z","timestamp":1559103668000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00701-015-2453-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,24]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]}},"alternative-id":["2453"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-015-2453-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-6268","0942-0940"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-6268","type":"print"},{"value":"0942-0940","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,24]]}}}