{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T19:21:10Z","timestamp":1776108070829,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Association of British Neurologists \/Patrick Berthoud Charitable Trust Clinical Research Training Fellowship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Neurochir"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-019-03973-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T08:02:52Z","timestamp":1561968172000},"page":"1887-1894","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["An assessment of patient-reported long-term outcomes following surgery for cauda equina syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"161","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2794-4330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. E.","family":"Hazelwood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Hoeritzauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Pronin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. K.","family":"Demetriades","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"3973_CR1","unstructured":"Ahn U, Ahn N, Buchowski J, Spine EG-, 2000 U (2015) Cauda equina syndrome secondary to lumbar disc herniation: a meta-analysis of surgical outcomes. Spine 25(12):1515\u20131522"},{"issue":"1","key":"3973_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2008.121","volume":"47","author":"MS Alexander","year":"2009","unstructured":"Alexander MS, Biering-Sorensen F, Bodner D et al (2009) International standards to document remaining autonomic function after spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 47(1):36\u201343","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"4","key":"3973_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.3171\/SPI\/2008\/8\/4\/305","volume":"8","author":"WB DeLong","year":"2008","unstructured":"DeLong WB, Polissar N, Neradilek B (2008) Timing of surgery in cauda equina syndrome with urinary retention: meta-analysis of observational studies. J Neurosurg Spine 8(4):305\u2013320","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"3","key":"3973_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2008.02510.x","volume":"16","author":"PM Domen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Domen PM, Hofman PA, van Santbrink H, Weber WEJ (2009) Predictive value of clinical characteristics in patients with suspected cauda equina syndrome. Eur J Neurol 16(3):416\u2013419","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"3973_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2009.03.021","volume":"90","author":"S Fraser","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fraser S, Roberts L, Murphy E (2009) Cauda equina syndrome: a literature review of its definition and clinical presentation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 90(11):1964\u20131968","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"5","key":"3973_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-010-1668-3","volume":"20","author":"A Gardner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gardner A, Gardner E, Morley T (2011) Cauda equina syndrome: a review of the current clinical and medico-legal position. Eur Spine J 20(5):690\u2013697","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"4","key":"3973_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1080\/0268869021000032887","volume":"16","author":"JRW Gleave","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gleave JRW, MacFarlane R (2002) Cauda equina syndrome: what is the relationship between timing of surgery and outcome? Br J Neurosurg 16(4):325\u2013328","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"3973_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2007.11.100","volume":"71","author":"F Haab","year":"2008","unstructured":"Haab F, Richard F, Amarenco G, Coloby P, Arnould B, Benmedjahed K, Guillemin I, Grise P (2008) Comprehensive evaluation of bladder and urethral dysfunction symptoms: development and psychometric validation of the Urinary Symptom Profile (USP) Questionnaire. Urology 71(4):646\u2013656","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"2","key":"3973_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)45621-7","volume":"135","author":"P Hellstr\u00f6m","year":"1986","unstructured":"Hellstr\u00f6m P, Kortelainen P, Kontturi M (1986) Late urodynamic findings after surgery for cauda equina syndrome caused by a prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disk. J Urol 135(2):308\u2013312","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3973_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860050180","volume":"8","author":"JG Kennedy","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kennedy JG, Soffe KE, McGrath A, Stephens MM, Walsh MG, McManus F (1999) Predictors of outcome in cauda equina syndrome. Eur Spine J 8(4):317\u2013322","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"3","key":"3973_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-017-4943-8","volume":"26","author":"NS Korse","year":"2017","unstructured":"Korse NS, Pijpers JA, van Zwet E, Elzevier HW, Vleggeert-Lankamp CLA (2017) Cauda equina syndrome: presentation, outcome, and predictors with focus on micturition, defecation, and sexual dysfunction. Eur Spine J 26(3):894\u2013904","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"4","key":"3973_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0175987","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175987","volume":"12","author":"NS Korse","year":"2017","unstructured":"Korse NS, Veldman AB, Peul WC, Vleggeert-Lankamp CLA (2017) The long term outcome of micturition, defecation and sexual function after spinal surgery for cauda equina syndrome. PLoS One 12(4):e0175987","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"3973_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198668030-00011","volume":"68","author":"J Kostuik","year":"1986","unstructured":"Kostuik J, Harrington I, Alexander D, Rand W, Evans D (1986) Cauda equina syndrome and lumbar disc herniation. J Bone Joint Surg Am 68(3):386\u2013391","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"10","key":"3973_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101887","volume":"44","author":"K Krogh","year":"2006","unstructured":"Krogh K, Christensen P, Sabroe S, Laurberg S (2006) Neurogenic bowel dysfunction score. Spinal Cord 44(10):625\u2013631","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"2","key":"3973_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000251750.20508.84","volume":"32","author":"MJH McCarthy","year":"2007","unstructured":"McCarthy MJH, Aylott CEW, Grevitt MP, Hegarty J (2007) Cauda equina syndrome. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 32(2):207\u2013216","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"1","key":"3973_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/009262300278623","volume":"26","author":"C McGahuey","year":"2000","unstructured":"McGahuey C, Gelenberg A, Laukes C, Francisco F, Delgado P, McKnight K, Manber R (2000) The Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX): reliability and validity. J Sex Marital Ther 26(1):25\u201340","journal-title":"J Sex Marital Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"3973_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000337574.58662.E2","volume":"64","author":"MJ McGirt","year":"2009","unstructured":"McGirt MJ, Ambrossi GLG, Datoo G, Sciubba DM, Witham TF, Wolinsky J-P, Gokaslan ZL, Bydon A (2009) Recurrent disc herniation and long-term back pain after primary lumbar discectomy. Neurosurgery 64(2):338\u2013345","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"10","key":"3973_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2006.01423.x","volume":"13","author":"S Podnar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Podnar S (2006) Bowel dysfunction in patients with cauda equina lesions. Eur J Neurol 13(10):1112\u20131117","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"3973_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pronin S, Hoeritzauer I, Statham PF, Demetriades AK (2019) Are we neglecting sexual function assessment in suspected cauda equina syndrome? Surgeon. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.SURGE.2019.03.005","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SURGE.2019.03.005"},{"issue":"12","key":"3973_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-007-0491-y","volume":"16","author":"A Qureshi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Qureshi A, Sell P (2007) Cauda equina syndrome treated by surgical decompression: the influence of timing on surgical outcome. Eur Spine J 16(12):2143\u20132151","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"3973_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-017-0280-9","volume":"17","author":"SHM Reuvers","year":"2017","unstructured":"Reuvers SHM, Korfage IJ, Scheepe JR, \u2018t Hoen LA, Sluis TAR, Blok BFM (2017) The validation of the Dutch SF-Qualiveen, a questionnaire on urinary-specific quality of life, in spinal cord injury patients. BMC Urol 17(1):88","journal-title":"BMC Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3973_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199305000-00007","volume":"32","author":"S Shapiro","year":"1993","unstructured":"Shapiro S (1993) Cauda equina syndrome secondary to lumbar disc herniation. Neurosurgery 32(5):743\u2013747","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"8","key":"3973_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000813","volume":"40","author":"N Srikandarajah","year":"2015","unstructured":"Srikandarajah N, Boissaud-Cooke MA, Clark S, Wilby MJ (2015) Does early surgical decompression in cauda equina syndrome improve bladder outcome? Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 40(8):580\u2013583","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"17","key":"3973_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1005","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002605","volume":"43","author":"N Srikandarajah","year":"2018","unstructured":"Srikandarajah N, Wilby M, Clark S, Noble A, Williamson P, Marson T (2018) Outcomes reported after surgery for cauda equina syndrome: a systematic literature review. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 43(17):E1005\u2013E1013","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"2","key":"3973_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.10.SPINE15455","volume":"25","author":"KD Than","year":"2016","unstructured":"Than KD, Curran JN, Resnick DK, Shaffrey CI, Ghogawala Z, Mummaneni PV (2016) How to predict return to work after lumbar discectomy: answers from the NeuroPoint-SD registry. J Neurosurg Spine 25(2):181\u2013186","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"3973_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-1197","volume":"14","author":"Z Ul-Haq","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ul-Haq Z, Mackay DF, Pell JP (2014) Association between physical and mental health-related quality of life and adverse outcomes; a retrospective cohort study of 5,272 Scottish adults. BMC Public Health 14(1):1197","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"3973_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.purol.2013.11.014","volume":"24","author":"B Wakrim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wakrim B, Aristide Kabor\u00e9 F, Sebbani M, Sarf I, Amine M, Lakhmichi A, Dahami Z, Moudouni S, Savoie P-H, Karsenty G (2014) Sensitivity to change of the USP score (Urinary Symptoms Profile) after surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Prog Urol 24(4):229\u2013233","journal-title":"Prog Urol"}],"container-title":["Acta Neurochirurgica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00701-019-03973-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00701-019-03973-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00701-019-03973-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]],"date-time":"2020-06-29T23:31:14Z","timestamp":1593473474000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00701-019-03973-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["3973"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-019-03973-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-6268","0942-0940"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-6268","type":"print"},{"value":"0942-0940","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 November 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 May 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}