{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T01:51:55Z","timestamp":1789696315318,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]],"date-time":"2019-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]],"date-time":"2019-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Neurochir"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-019-04129-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]],"date-time":"2019-12-17T10:15:38Z","timestamp":1576577738000},"page":"289-303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The safety and efficacy of hybrid surgery for multilevel cervical degenerative disc disease versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion or cervical disc arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"162","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5610-1180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus A.","family":"Hollyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma C.","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salma","family":"Ayis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas K.","family":"Demetriades","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"4129_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2007.06.018","volume":"8","author":"JD Auerbach","year":"2008","unstructured":"Auerbach JD, Jones KJ, Fras CI, Balderston JR, Rushton SA, Chin KR (2008) The prevalence of indications and contraindications to cervical total disc replacement. Spine J 8(5):711\u2013716","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"4","key":"4129_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.07.015","volume":"64","author":"H Balshem","year":"2011","unstructured":"Balshem H, Helfand M, Sch\u00fcnemann HJ et al (2011) GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence. J Clin Epidemiol 64(4):401\u2013406","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"4129_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199309000-00005","volume":"75","author":"HH Bohlman","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bohlman HH, Emery SE, Goodfellow DB, Jones PK (1993) Robinson anterior cervical discectomy and arthrodesis for cervical radiculopathy. Long-term follow-up of one hundred and twenty-two patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am 75(9):1298\u20131307","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"4129_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S74","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.130676","volume":"5","author":"M Bydon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bydon M, Xu R, De la Garza-Ramos R, Macki M, Sciubba DM, Wolinsky J-P, Witham TF, Gokaslan ZL, Bydon A (2014) Adjacent segment disease after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: incidence and clinical outcomes of patients requiring anterior versus posterior repeat cervical fusion. Surg Neurol Int 5(Suppl 3):S74\u2013S78","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"4129_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5947","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000005947","volume":"96","author":"C Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen C, Zhang X, Ma X (2017) Durability of cervical disc arthroplasties and its influence factors: a systematic review and a network meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 96(6):e5947","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"1","key":"4129_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-21-01-3","volume":"21","author":"SK Cho","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cho SK, Riew KD (2013) Adjacent segment disease following cervical spine surgery. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 21(1):3\u201311","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"4129_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.10.SPINE15795","volume":"24","author":"R De La Garza-Ramos","year":"2016","unstructured":"De La Garza-Ramos R, Xu R, Ramhmdani S, Kosztowski T, Bydon M, Sciubba DM, Wolinsky J-P, Witham TF, Gokaslan ZL, Bydon A (2016) Long-term clinical outcomes following 3- and 4-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. J Neurosurg Spine 24:885\u2013891","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"8","key":"4129_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.100B8.BJJ-2018-0120.R1","volume":"100\u2013B","author":"C Findlay","year":"2018","unstructured":"Findlay C, Ayis S, Demetriades AK (2018) Total disc replacement versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Bone Joint J 100\u2013B(8):991\u20131001","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"issue":"20","key":"4129_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001044","volume":"40","author":"AA Gandhi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gandhi AA, Kode S, DeVries NA, Grosland NM, Smucker JD, Fredericks DC (2015) Biomechanical Analysis of Cervical Disc Replacement and fusion using single level, two level, and hybrid constructs. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 40(20):1578\u20131585","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"4129_CR10","unstructured":"Gao WS, Tang XH, Li CJ, Ren B (2018) Comparison of three operative techniques in multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a meta-analysis. Int JClin Exp Med 11(5):4352\u20134370"},{"issue":"6","key":"4129_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.10.SPINE16264","volume":"26","author":"MF Gornet","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gornet MF, Lanman TH, Burkus JK, Hodges SD, McConnell JR, Dryer RF, Copay AG, Nian H, Harrell FE (2017) Cervical disc arthroplasty with the Prestige LP disc versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, at 2 levels: results of a prospective, multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial at 24 months. J Neurosurg Spine 26(6):653\u2013667","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"S7","key":"4129_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-015-4281-7","volume":"24","author":"G Grasso","year":"2015","unstructured":"Grasso G (2015) Clinical and radiological features of hybrid surgery in multilevel cervical degenerative disc disease. Eur Spine J 24(S7):842\u2013848","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"4129_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-012-2486-6","volume":"22","author":"HWD Hey","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hey HWD, Hong CC, Long AS, Hee HT (2013) Is hybrid surgery of the cervical spine a good balance between fusion and arthroplasty? Pilot results from a single surgeon series. Eur Spine J 22(1):116\u2013122","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"4","key":"4129_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199904000-00009","volume":"81","author":"AS Hilibrand","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hilibrand AS, Carlson GD, Palumbo MA, Jones PK, Bohlman HH (1999) Radiculopathy and myelopathy at segments adjacent to the site of a previous anterior cervical arthrodesis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 81(4):519\u2013528","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"4129_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2016.1010.013","volume":"60","author":"S-R Jang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jang S-R, Lee S-B, Cho K-S (2017) A comparison of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion versus fusion combined with artificial disc replacement for treating 3-level cervical spondylotic disease. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 60(6):676\u2013683","journal-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc"},{"key":"4129_CR16","unstructured":"Ji GY, Oh CH, Shin DA, Ha Y, Kim KN, Shin HC, Yoon DH (2015) Artificial disk replacement combined with fusion versus 2-level fusion in cervical 2-level disk disease with a 5-year follow-up. J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"issue":"1","key":"4129_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e88","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20121217-24","volume":"36","author":"L Kang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kang L, Lin D, Ding Z, Liang B, Lian K (2013) Artificial disk replacement combined with midlevel ACDF versus multilevel fusion for cervical disk disease involving 3 levels. Orthopedics 36(1):e88\u2013e94","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"7","key":"4129_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.08.010","volume":"14","author":"JH Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee JH, Kim JS, Lee JH, Chung ER, Shim CS, Lee S-H (2014) Comparison of cervical kinematics between patients with cervical artificial disc replacement and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for cervical disc herniation. Spine J 14(7):1199\u20131204","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"2","key":"4129_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-017-9398-3","volume":"10","author":"D Leven","year":"2017","unstructured":"Leven D, Meaike J, Radcliff K, Qureshi S (2017) Cervical disc replacement surgery: indications, technique, and technical pearls. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 10(2):160\u2013169","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4129_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-016-4791-y","volume":"26","author":"VM Lu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lu VM, Zhang L, Scherman DB, Rao PJ, Mobbs RJ, Phan K (2017) Treating multi-level cervical disc disease with hybrid surgery compared to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Spine J 26(2):546\u2013557","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"4129_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mende KC, Kahl N, Detzner M, Lefering R, Franke J, Weber F (2015) Comparison of dual level fusion and hybrid treatment in the cervical spine based on patient outcome. J Spine. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4172\/21657939.1000218","DOI":"10.4172\/21657939.1000218"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"4129_CR22","first-page":"S216","volume":"3","author":"B Moatz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Moatz B, Tortolani PJ (2012) Cervical disc arthroplasty: pros and cons. Surg Neurol Int 3(Suppl 3):S216\u2013S224","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"key":"4129_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2010.02.007","volume":"8","author":"D Moher","year":"2010","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG (2010) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Int J Surg 8:336\u2013341","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"4129_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.3171\/SPI-07\/09\/336","volume":"7","author":"D-H Park","year":"2007","unstructured":"Park D-H, Ramakrishnan P, Cho T-H, Lorenz E, Eck JC, Humphreys SC, Lim T-H (2007) Effect of lower two-level anterior cervical fusion on the superior adjacent level. J Neurosurg Spine 7(3):336\u2013340","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"4129_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2018.12.1.178","volume":"12","author":"C-K Park","year":"2018","unstructured":"Park C-K, Ryu K-S (2018) Are controversial issues in cervical total disc replacement resolved or unresolved?: A review of literature and recent updates. Asian Spine J 12(1):178","journal-title":"Asian Spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"4129_CR26","first-page":"78","volume":"14","author":"FM Saavedra-Pozo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Saavedra-Pozo FM, Deusdara RAM, Benzel EC (2014) Adjacent segment disease perspective and review of the literature. Ochsner J 14(1):78\u201383","journal-title":"Ochsner J"},{"issue":"9","key":"4129_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1445-2197.2003.02748.x","volume":"73","author":"K Slim","year":"2003","unstructured":"Slim K, Nini E, Forestier D, Kwiatkowski F, Panis Y, Chipponi J (2003) Methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS): development and validation of a new instrument. ANZ J Surg 73(9):712\u2013716","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"4129_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13454","DOI":"10.1038\/srep13454","volume":"5","author":"P Tian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tian P, Fu X, Li Z-J, Sun X-L, Ma X-L (2015) Hybrid surgery versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for multilevel cervical degenerative disc diseases: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 5(1):13454","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"26","key":"4129_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000636","volume":"39","author":"CF Van Eck","year":"2014","unstructured":"Van Eck CF, Regan C, Donaldson WF, Kang JD, Lee JY (2014) The revision rate and occurrence of adjacent segment disease after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a study of 672 consecutive patients. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 39(26):2143\u20132147","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"4129_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.01.157","volume":"113","author":"K-F Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang K-F, Duan S, Zhu Z-Q, Liu H-Y, Liu C-J, Xu S (2018) Clinical and radiologic features of 3 reconstructive procedures for the surgical management of patients with bilevel cervical degenerative disc disease at a minimum follow-up period of 5 years: a comparative study. World Neurosurg 113:e70\u2013e76","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"16","key":"4129_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6503","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006503","volume":"96","author":"T-K Wu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wu T-K, Wang B-Y, Meng Y, Ding C, Yang Y, Lou J-G, Liu H (2017) Multilevel cervical disc replacement versus multilevel anterior discectomy and fusion: a meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 96(16):e6503","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"20","key":"4129_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002639","volume":"43","author":"Y Xiong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xiong Y, Xu L, Yu X et al (2018) Comparison of 6-year follow-up result of hybrid surgery and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for the treatment of contiguous two-segment cervical degenerative disc diseases. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 43(20):1418\u20131425","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"3","key":"4129_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e91329","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091329","volume":"9","author":"S Yu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yu S, Li F, Yan N, Yuan C, He S, Hou T (2014) Anterior fusion technique for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a retrospective analysis of surgical outcome of patients with different number of levels fused. PLoS One 9(3):e91329","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"4129_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4057","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.896584","volume":"21","author":"L Zang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zang L, Ma M, Hu J, Qiu H, Huang B, Chu T (2015) Comparison of hybrid surgery incorporating anterior cervical discectomy and fusion and artificial arthroplasty versus multilevel fusion for multilevel cervical spondylosis: a meta-analysis. Med Sci Monit 21:4057\u20134067","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"issue":"21","key":"4129_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3621","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003621","volume":"95","author":"J Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang J, Meng F, Ding Y, Li J, Han J, Zhang X, Dong W (2016) Hybrid surgery versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion in multilevel cervical disc diseases. Medicine (Baltimore) 95(21):e3621","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"34","key":"4129_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11973","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000011973","volume":"97","author":"C-M Zhao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhao C-M, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Huang A-B, Ding W-Y, Zhang W (2018) Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion versus hybrid surgery in multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 97(34):e11973","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"1","key":"4129_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-014-3429-1","volume":"24","author":"H Zhao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhao H, Cheng L, Hou Y, Liu Y, Liu B, Mundra JJ, Nie L (2015) Multi-level cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) versus single-level CDA for the treatment of cervical disc diseases: a meta-analysis. Eur Spine J 24(1):101\u2013112","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"5","key":"4129_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-016-4707-5","volume":"474","author":"Z-M Zhong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhong Z-M, Zhu S-Y, Zhuang J-S, Wu Q, Chen J-T (2016) Reoperation after cervical disc arthroplasty versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a meta-analysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 474(5):1307\u20131316","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"4129_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-016-4655-5","volume":"26","author":"S Zou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zou S, Gao J, Xu B, Lu X, Han Y, Meng H (2017) Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) versus cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) for two contiguous levels cervical disc degenerative disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur Spine J 26(4):985\u2013997","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"}],"container-title":["Acta Neurochirurgica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00701-019-04129-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00701-019-04129-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00701-019-04129-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]],"date-time":"2020-12-16T01:02:21Z","timestamp":1608080541000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00701-019-04129-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["4129"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-019-04129-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-6268","0942-0940"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-6268","type":"print"},{"value":"0942-0940","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 July 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 October 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 December 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Due to the nature of the study, informed consent from participants was not required.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, or the Department of Health.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclaimer"}}]}}