{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T13:12:19Z","timestamp":1783775539349,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,15]],"date-time":"2020-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,15]],"date-time":"2020-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum RWTH Aachen"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Neurochir"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>For supratentorial craniotomy, surgical access, and closure technique, including placement of subgaleal drains, may vary considerably. The influence of surgical nuances on postoperative complications such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage or impaired wound healing overall remains largely unclear. With this study, we are reporting our experiences and the impact of our clinical routines on outcome in a prospectively collected data set.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We prospectively observed 150 consecutive patients undergoing supratentorial craniotomy and recorded technical variables (type\/length of incision, size of craniotomy, technique of dural and skin closure, type of dressing, and placement of subgaleal drains). Outcome variables (subgaleal hematoma\/CSF collection, periorbital edema, impairment of wound healing, infection, and need for operative revision) were recorded at time of discharge and at late follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Early subgaleal fluid collection was observed in 36.7% (2.8% at the late follow-up), and impaired wound healing was recorded in 3.3% of all cases, with an overall need for operative revision of 6.7%. Neither usage of dural sealants, lack of watertight dural closure, and presence of subgaleal drains, nor type of skin closure or dressing influenced outcome. Curved incisions, larger craniotomy, and tumor size, however, were associated with an increase in early CSF or hematoma collection (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01 resp.), and larger craniotomy size was associated with longer persistence of subgaleal fluid collections (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Based on our setting, individual surgical nuances such as the type of dural closure and the use of subgaleal drains resulted in a comparable complication rate and outcome. Subgaleal fluid collections were frequently observed after supratentorial procedures, irrespective of the closing technique employed, and resolve spontaneously in the majority of cases without significant sequelae. Our results are limited due to the observational nature in our single-center study and need to be validated by supportive prospective randomized design.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-019-04196-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,15]],"date-time":"2020-01-15T07:02:41Z","timestamp":1579071761000},"page":"729-736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Surgical nuances and placement of subgaleal drains for supratentorial procedures\u2014a prospective analysis of efficacy and outcome in 150 craniotomies"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"162","author":[{"given":"Hussam Aldin","family":"Hamou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantin","family":"Kotliar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonny Kian","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christel","family":"Wei\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blume","family":"Christian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Clusmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerrit Alexander","family":"Schubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9986-8739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walid","family":"Albanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"4196_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.3109\/02688697.2013.835376","volume":"28","author":"S Abu Hamdeh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Abu Hamdeh S, Lytsy B, Ronne-Engstrom E (2014) Surgical site infections in standard neurosurgery procedures- a study of incidence, impact and potential risk factors. Br J Neurosurg 28:270\u2013275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/02688697.2013.835376","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"4196_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000327695.32775.BB","volume":"65","author":"JY Ahn","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ahn JY, Kim SH (2009) A new technique for dural suturing with fascia graft for cerebrospinal fluid leakage in transsphenoidal surgery. Neurosurgery 65:65\u201371; discussion 71-62. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/01.NEU.0000327695.32775.BB","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"4196_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1967.27.6.0525","volume":"27","author":"RH Ames","year":"1967","unstructured":"Ames RH (1967) Ventriculo-peritoneal shunts in the management of hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg 27:525\u2013529. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1967.27.6.0525","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"4196_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2011.09.025","volume":"19","author":"K Barami","year":"2012","unstructured":"Barami K, Fernandes R (2012) Incidence, risk factors and management of delayed wound dehiscence after craniotomy for tumor resection. J Clin Neurosci 19:854\u2013857. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2011.09.025","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"4196_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000255425.31797.23","volume":"60","author":"FG Barker 2nd","year":"2007","unstructured":"Barker FG 2nd (2007) Efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics against meningitis after craniotomy: a meta-analysis. Neurosurgery 60:887\u2013894; discussion 887-894. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/01.NEU.0000255425.31797.23","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"4196_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-017-1110-4","volume":"46","author":"AK Bartella","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bartella AK, Lemmen S, Burnic A, Kloss-Brandstatter A, Kamal M, Breisach T, Holzle F, Lethaus B (2018) Influence of a strictly perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis vs a prolonged postoperative prophylaxis on surgical site infections in maxillofacial surgery. Infection 46:225\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-017-1110-4","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"4196_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000310696.52302.99","volume":"63","author":"M Barth","year":"2008","unstructured":"Barth M, Tuettenberg J, Thome C, Weiss C, Vajkoczy P, Schmiedek P (2008) Watertight dural closure: is it necessary? A prospective randomized trial in patients with supratentorial craniotomies. Neurosurgery 63:352\u2013358; discussion 358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/01.NEU.0000310696.52302.99","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"4196_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199173040-00015","volume":"73","author":"KJ Beer","year":"1991","unstructured":"Beer KJ, Lombardi AV Jr, Mallory TH, Vaughn BK (1991) The efficacy of suction drains after routine total joint arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am 73:584\u2013587","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"4196_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5049.98787","volume":"56","author":"H Bhagat","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bhagat H, Mangal K, Jain A, Sinha R, Mallik V, Gupta SK, Sethi S (2012) Asystole following craniotomy closure: yet another complication of negative-pressure suctioning of subgaleal drain. Indian J Anaesth 56:304\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0019-5049.98787","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"4196_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp120568","volume":"70","author":"DW Bratzler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bratzler DW, Dellinger EP, Olsen KM, Perl TM, Auwaerter PG, Bolon MK, Fish DN, Napolitano LM, Sawyer RG, Slain D, Steinberg JP, Weinstein RA, American Society of Health-System P, Infectious Disease Society of A, Surgical Infection S, Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of A (2013) Clinical practice guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery. Am J Health Syst Pharm 70:195\u2013283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2146\/ajhp120568","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"key":"4196_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.7461\/jcen.2015.17.3.194","volume":"17","author":"SY Choi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Choi SY, Yoon SM, Yoo CJ, Park CW, Kim YB, Kim WK (2015) Necessity of surgical site closed suction drain for Pterional craniotomy. J Cerebrovasc Endovasc Neurosurg 17:194\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7461\/jcen.2015.17.3.194","journal-title":"J Cerebrovasc Endovasc Neurosurg"},{"key":"4196_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2007.106.1.52","volume":"106","author":"GR Cosgrove","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cosgrove GR, Delashaw JB, Grotenhuis JA, Tew JM, Van Loveren H, Spetzler RF, Payner T, Rosseau G, Shaffrey ME, Hopkins LN, Byrne R, Norbash A (2007) Safety and efficacy of a novel polyethylene glycol hydrogel sealant for watertight dural repair. J Neurosurg 106:52\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.2007.106.1.52","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"4196_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E10","DOI":"10.3171\/FOC\/2008\/24\/6\/E10","volume":"24","author":"SR Dashti","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dashti SR, Baharvahdat H, Spetzler RF, Sauvageau E, Chang SW, Stiefel MF, Park MS, Bambakidis NC (2008) Operative intracranial infection following craniotomy. Neurosurg Focus 24:E10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/FOC\/2008\/24\/6\/E10","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"4196_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2018.04.038","volume":"53","author":"CL Davidoff","year":"2018","unstructured":"Davidoff CL, Rogers JM, Simons M, Davidson AS (2018) A systematic review and meta-analysis of wound drains in non-instrumented lumbar decompression surgery. J Clin Neurosci 53:55\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2018.04.038","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"4196_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-008-0028-0","volume":"150","author":"AK Demetriades","year":"2008","unstructured":"Demetriades AK (2008) Negative pressure suction from subgaleal drainage: bradycardia and decreased consciousness. Acta Neurochir 150:1111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-008-0028-0","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"key":"4196_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2004.04.024","volume":"63","author":"T Erman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Erman T, Demirhindi H, Gocer AI, Tuna M, Ildan F, Boyar B (2005) Risk factors for surgical site infections in neurosurgery patients with antibiotic prophylaxis. Surg Neurol 63:107\u2013112; discussion 112-103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.surneu.2004.04.024","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"4196_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1615297","volume":"31","author":"F Erne","year":"2018","unstructured":"Erne F, Wetzel S, Wulker N, Gesicki M, Hofmann UK (2018) Closed suction drainage after primary total knee arthroplasty: a prospective randomized trial. J Knee Surg 31:804\u2013810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0037-1615297","journal-title":"J Knee Surg"},{"key":"4196_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2008.9951","volume":"9","author":"DE Fry","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fry DE (2008) Surgical site infections and the surgical care improvement project (SCIP): evolution of national quality measures. Surg Infect 9:579\u2013584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/sur.2008.9951","journal-title":"Surg Infect"},{"key":"4196_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-007-1139-8","volume":"149","author":"R Gazzeri","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gazzeri R, Galarza M, Neroni M, Canova A, Refice GM, Esposito S (2007) Continuous subgaleal suction drainage for the treatment of chronic subdural haematoma. Acta Neurochir 149:487\u2013493; discussion 493. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-007-1139-8","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"key":"4196_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2005.03.041","volume":"64","author":"JA Grotenhuis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Grotenhuis JA (2005) Costs of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage: 1-year, retrospective analysis of 412 consecutive nontrauma cases. Surg Neurol 64:490\u2013493, discussion 493-494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.surneu.2005.03.041","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"4196_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.12.JNS091065","volume":"114","author":"E Guresir","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guresir E, Vatter H, Schuss P, Oszvald A, Raabe A, Seifert V, Beck J (2011) Rapid closure technique in decompressive craniectomy. J Neurosurg 114:954\u2013960. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2009.12.JNS091065","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"4196_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300 e309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.01.017","volume":"37","author":"M Haider","year":"2019","unstructured":"Haider M, Ladurner C, Mayr R, Tandogdu Z, Fritsche HM, Fradet V, Comploj E, Pycha A, Lemire F, Lacombe L, Fradet Y, Toren P, Lodde M (2019) Use and duration of antibiotic prophylaxis and the rate of urinary tract infection after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: Results of a multicentric series. Urol Oncol 37:300 e309\u2013300 e315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urolonc.2019.01.017","journal-title":"Urol Oncol"},{"key":"4196_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2006.7.379","volume":"7","author":"CJ Hauser","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hauser CJ, Adams CA Jr, Eachempati SR, Council of the Surgical Infection S (2006) Surgical infection society guideline: prophylactic antibiotic use in open fractures: an evidence-based guideline. Surg Infect 7:379\u2013405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/sur.2006.7.379","journal-title":"Surg Infect"},{"key":"4196_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-018-1160-2","volume":"46","author":"M Hochreiter","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hochreiter M, Uhling M, Sisic L, Bruckner T, Heininger A, Hohn A, Ott K, Schmidt T, Berger MM, Richter DC, Buchler M, Weigand MA, Busch CJ (2018) Prolonged antibiotic prophylaxis after thoracoabdominal esophagectomy does not reduce the risk of pneumonia in the first 30 days: a retrospective before-and-after analysis. Infection 46:617\u2013624. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-018-1160-2","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"4196_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.4240\/wjgs.v5.i4.110","volume":"5","author":"S Imada","year":"2013","unstructured":"Imada S, Noura S, Ohue M, Shingai T, Sueda T, Kishi K, Yamada T, Ohigashi H, Yano M, Ishikawa O (2013) Efficacy of subcutaneous penrose drains for surgical site infections in colorectal surgery. World J Gastrointest Surg 5:110\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4240\/wjgs.v5.i4.110","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"4196_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.7.JNS16340","volume":"127","author":"JK John","year":"2017","unstructured":"John JK, Robin AM, Pabaney AH, Rammo RA, Schultz LR, Sadry NS, Lee IY (2017) Complications of ventricular entry during craniotomy for brain tumor resection. J Neurosurg 127:426\u2013432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2016.7.JNS16340","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"4196_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.4274\/balkanmedj.2018.0477","volume":"35","author":"A Kalkanli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kalkanli A, Gezmis CT, Ozkan A, Cilesiz NC, Yanaral F, Aydin M, Tandogdu Z (2018) Comparison of single and prolonged fluoroquinolone prophylaxis and risk factors for infectious complications after transrectal prostate biopsy. Balkan Med J 35:373\u2013377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4274\/balkanmedj.2018.0477","journal-title":"Balkan Med J"},{"key":"4196_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/ael063","volume":"96","author":"K Karamchandani","year":"2006","unstructured":"Karamchandani K, Chouhan RS, Bithal PK, Dash HH (2006) Severe bradycardia and hypotension after connecting negative pressure to the subgaleal drain during craniotomy closure. Br J Anaesth 96:608\u2013610. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/ael063","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"4196_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181fdb4db","volume":"36","author":"KD Kim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kim KD, Wright NM (2011) Polyethylene glycol hydrogel spinal sealant (DuraSeal spinal sealant) as an adjunct to sutured dural repair in the spine: results of a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 36:1906\u20131912. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181fdb4db","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"4196_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/S0883-5403(98)90093-6","volume":"13","author":"YH Kim","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kim YH, Cho SH, Kim RS (1998) Drainage versus nondrainage in simultaneous bilateral total hip arthroplasties. J Arthroplast 13:156\u2013161","journal-title":"J Arthroplast"},{"key":"4196_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/S0967-5868(03)00163-2","volume":"10","author":"A Kumar","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kumar A, Maartens NF, Kaye AH (2003) Evaluation of the use of BioGlue in neurosurgical procedures. J Clin Neurosci 10:661\u2013664","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"4196_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2011.02.017","volume":"412","author":"M Mantur","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mantur M, Lukaszewicz-Zajac M, Mroczko B, Kulakowska A, Ganslandt O, Kemona H, Szmitkowski M, Drozdowski W, Zimmermann R, Kornhuber J, Lewczuk P (2011) Cerebrospinal fluid leakage--reliable diagnostic methods. Clin Chim Acta 412:837\u2013840. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2011.02.017","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"4196_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1086\/518580","volume":"45","author":"S McClelland 3rd","year":"2007","unstructured":"McClelland S 3rd, Hall WA (2007) Postoperative central nervous system infection: incidence and associated factors in 2111 neurosurgical procedures. Clin Infect Dis 45:55\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/518580","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"4196_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1080\/0268869031000153134","volume":"17","author":"EE Mohamed","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mohamed EE (2003) Chronic subdural haematoma treated by craniotomy, durectomy, outer membranectomy and subgaleal suction drainage. Personal experience in 39 patients. Br J Neurosurg 17:244\u2013247","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"4196_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1080\/02688690500305308","volume":"19","author":"S Mohindra","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mohindra S, Mukherjee KK, Chhabra R, Khosla VK (2005) Subgaleal suction drain leading to fatal sagittal sinus haemorrhage. Br J Neurosurg 19:352\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02688690500305308","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"4196_CR36","first-page":"117","volume":"49","author":"S Nakajima","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nakajima S, Fukuda T, Hasue M, Sengoku Y, Haraoka J, Uchida T (2001) New technique for application of fibrin sealant: rubbing method devised to prevent cerebrospinal fluid leakage from dura mater sites repaired with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene surgical membranes. Neurosurgery 49:117\u2013123","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"4196_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3109\/02688697.2011.626878","volume":"26","author":"AB O'Keeffe","year":"2012","unstructured":"O'Keeffe AB, Lawrence T, Bojanic S (2012) Oxford craniotomy infections database: a cost analysis of craniotomy infection. Br J Neurosurg 26:265\u2013269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/02688697.2011.626878","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"4196_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Parker MJ, Roberts C (2001) Closed suction surgical wound drainage after orthopaedic surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev:CD001825. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD001825","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001825"},{"key":"4196_CR39","first-page":"1185","volume":"19","author":"H Prabhakar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Prabhakar H, Bithal PK, Chouhan RS, Dash HH (2008) Rupture of intracranial aneurysm after partial clipping due to aspiration drainage system--a case report. Middle East J Anaesthesiol 19:1185\u20131190","journal-title":"Middle East J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"4196_CR40","first-page":"466","volume":"47","author":"BW Rotenberg","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rotenberg BW, Marchie A, Cusimano MD (2004) Skin sealants: an effective option for closing cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Can J Surg 47:466\u2013468","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"key":"4196_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E271","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3181fe6165","volume":"68","author":"J Roth","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roth J, Galeano E, Milla S, Hartmannsgruber MW, Weiner HL (2011) Multiple epidural hematomas and hemodynamic collapse caused by a subgaleal drain and suction-induced intracranial hypotension: case report. Neurosurgery 68:E271\u2013E275; discussion E276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3181fe6165","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"4196_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.03.070","volume":"114","author":"J Roth","year":"2018","unstructured":"Roth J, Benvenisti H, Constantini S (2018) Watertight dural closure in pediatric craniotomies-is it really necessary? World Neurosurg 114:e743\u2013e746. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.03.070","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"4196_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.107546","volume":"4","author":"N Sakamoto","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sakamoto N, Akutsu H, Takano S, Yamamoto T, Matsumura A (2013) Useful 'sliding-lock-knot' technique for suturing dural patch to prevent cerebrospinal fluid leakage after extended transsphenoidal surgery. Surg Neurol Int 4:19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/2152-7806.107546","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"key":"4196_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1159\/000464137","volume":"79","author":"M Schietroma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schietroma M, Pessia B, Bianchi Z, De Vita F, Carlei F, Guadagni S, Amicucci G, Clementi M (2017) Thyroid surgery: to drain or not to drain, that is the problem - a randomized clinical trial. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 79:202\u2013211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000464137","journal-title":"ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec"},{"key":"4196_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1263","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31829fc6a6","volume":"38","author":"GA Schubert","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schubert GA, Diepers M, Hegewald AA, Seiz M, Thom\u00e9 C (2013) Routine postoperative imaging early after lumbar decompression surgery: a prospective evaluation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 38:E1263\u2013E1268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31829fc6a6","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"4196_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-200108000-00007","volume":"234","author":"R Tang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tang R, Chen HH, Wang YL, Changchien CR, Chen JS, Hsu KC, Chiang JM, Wang JY (2001) Risk factors for surgical site infection after elective resection of the colon and rectum: a single-center prospective study of 2809 consecutive patients. Ann Surg 234:181\u2013189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000658-200108000-00007","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"4196_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000001224","volume":"26","author":"JW Tong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tong JW, Emelin JK, Wong R, Meltzer HS, Cohen SR (2015) Subgaleal drain placement improves surgical outcomes after primary cranioplasty in craniosynostosis patients. J Craniofac Surg 26:1963\u20131966. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SCS.0000000000001224","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"4196_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-007-1246-6","volume":"149","author":"GR Toshniwal","year":"2007","unstructured":"Toshniwal GR, Bhagat H, Rath GP (2007) Bradycardia following negative pressure suction of subgaleal drain during craniotomy closure. Acta Neurochir 149:1077\u20131079; discussion 1079. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-007-1246-6","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"key":"4196_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000093498.08913.9E","volume":"53","author":"D Van Roost","year":"2003","unstructured":"Van Roost D, Thees C, Brenke C, Oppel F, Winkler PA, Schramm J (2003) Pseudohypoxic brain swelling: a newly defined complication after uneventful brain surgery, probably related to suction drainage. Neurosurgery 53:1315\u20131326 discussion 1326-1317","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"4196_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.4.JNS152954","volume":"129","author":"E Vieira","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vieira E, Guimaraes TC, Faquini IV, Silva JL, Saboia T, Andrade R, Gemir TL, Neri VC, Almeida NS, Azevedo-Filho HRC (2018) Randomized controlled study comparing 2 surgical techniques for decompressive craniectomy: with watertight duraplasty and without watertight duraplasty. J Neurosurg 129:1017\u20131023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2017.4.JNS152954","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"4196_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.6.JNS081540","volume":"112","author":"JS Weinstein","year":"2010","unstructured":"Weinstein JS, Liu KC, Delashaw JB Jr, Burchiel KJ, van Loveren HR, Vale FL, Agazzi S, Greenberg MS, Smith DA, Tew J Jr (2010) The safety and effectiveness of a dural sealant system for use with nonautologous duraplasty materials. J Neurosurg 112:428\u2013433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2009.6.JNS081540","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"4196_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146870","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/146870","volume":"2014","author":"M Yadav","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yadav M, Nikhar SA, Kulkarni DK, Gopinath R (2014) Cardiac arrest after connecting negative pressure to the subgaleal drain during craniotomy closure. Case Rep Anesthesiol 2014:146870. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/146870","journal-title":"Case Rep Anesthesiol"},{"key":"4196_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.37.886","volume":"37","author":"T Yoshimoto","year":"1997","unstructured":"Yoshimoto T, Sawamura Y, Houkin K, Abe H (1997) Effectiveness of fibrin glue for preventing postoperative extradural fluid leakage. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 37:886\u2013889 discussion 889-890","journal-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)"},{"key":"4196_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.98B7.37190","volume":"98-B","author":"JL Zijlmans","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zijlmans JL, Buis DR, Verbaan D, Vandertop WP (2016) Wound drains in non-complex lumbar surgery: a systematic review. Bone Joint J 98-B:984\u2013989. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620X.98B7.37190","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"}],"container-title":["Acta Neurochirurgica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00701-019-04196-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00701-019-04196-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00701-019-04196-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T07:29:18Z","timestamp":1610609358000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00701-019-04196-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,15]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["4196"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-019-04196-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-6268","0942-0940"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-6268","type":"print"},{"value":"0942-0940","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 July 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 December 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 January 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The work has been carried out in accordance with the code of ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki) for experiments involving humans. Ethics approval was given by the local ethics committee (ID 082013).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}