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Dr. Park reports personal fees from Globus, NuVasive, and AlloSource, grants from Pfizer and Vertex, and personal fees from Medtronic, outside the submitted work. Dr. Tran has nothing to disclose. Dr. Anand reports personal fees, royalties, and stocks from Medtronic, royalties and stock from Globus Medical, and stock options from GYS Tech, Paradigm Spine, and TheraCell, and royalties from Elsevier, outside the submitted work. Dr. Nunley reports stock from Amedica Corporation; royalties, speakers bureau, consultant from Zimmer Biomet, and K2M; stock from Paradigm; speakers bureau, consultant, and stock from Spineology; consultant from Vertiflex; royalties, speakers bureau, consultant, and stock from Camber Spine; royalties, consultant from Integrity; consultant from Centinel Spine, outside the submitted work and patents with royalties paid to K2M, and a patent with royalties paid to LDR Medical. Dr. Kanter reports consulting and royalties from NuVasive and Zimmer Biomet, outside the submitted work. Dr. Fessler reports royalties from DePuy-Synthes, outside the submitted work. Dr. Uribe reports research support, stock options, and consulting fees from NuVasive, Inc. and consulting fees from SI-BONE outside of the submitted work. Dr. Eastlack reports personal fees from Globus Medical, NuVasive, and SeaSpine; stock from Invuity; consultant from Aesculap, Baxter, K2M Stryker, NuVasive, SI BONE, and Titan; scientific advisory board from Aesculap; non-financial support from SeaSpine; fellowship support from AO, SeaSpine, and NuVasive; and private investments from NuVasive, SeaSpine, and Alphatec, outside the submitted work. Dr. Shaffrey reports grants from ISSF Foundation during the conduct of the study and personal fees from Medtronic, NuVasive, and Zimmer Biomet, outside the submitted work. Dr. Bess reports grants from NuVasive, K2M, and DePuy Spine; personal fees from ISSG during the conduct of the study; grants from Medtronic, Globus, SI BONE, and Orthofix; and consulting and royalties from K2M, outside the submitted work. Dr. Mundis reports personal fees from NuVasive, K2M, AlloSource, SeaSpine, and Viseon, outside the submitted work, patents from NuVasive with royalties paid, and a patent from K2M with royalties paid. Mr. Brusko has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mummaneni reports personal fees from DePuy Spine, Globus, and Stryker, editorial assistance from ISSG, honoraria from Spineart, royalties from Thieme Publishing and Springer Publishing, grants from NREF, grants from AO Spine, royalties from DePuy Spine, and stock from Spinicity and ISD, outside the submitted work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. For this type of study, formal consent is not required. This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}