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We discussed the effect of temporal muscle resection in patients with intractable intracranial hypertension and temporal muscle swelling after craniectomy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Records of 280 craniectomies performed on 258 patients who were admitted with severe head injury were retrospectively reviewed. Eight patients developed intractable increased intracranial pressure with temporal muscle swelling within 24\u00a0h after craniectomy and were treated by muscle resection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The initial Glasgow Coma Scale score was 7\u2009\u00b1\u20091. The mean intracranial pressure was 41.7\u2009\u00b1\u20098.59\u00a0mmHg before muscle resection and 14.81\u2009\u00b1\u20098.07\u00a0mmHg immediately after surgery. Five patients had skull fracture and epidural hematoma at the craniectomy site. The mean intensive care unit stay was 11.25\u2009\u00b1\u20095.99\u00a0days. Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended scoring performed during the 12-month follow-up visit showed that 6 patients (75%) had a favorable outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study findings indicate that a direct impact on the temporal region during trauma may lead to subsequent temporal muscle swelling. Under certain circumstances, muscle resection can effectively control intracranial pressure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-021-04718-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T15:05:04Z","timestamp":1611587104000},"page":"2623-2628","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Resection of swollen temporal muscles in patients with intractable intracranial hypertension after decompressive craniectomy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"163","author":[{"given":"Shih-Hao","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abel Po-Hao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheng-Jean","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu-Ting","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"4718_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2003000400030","volume":"61","author":"C Andre","year":"2003","unstructured":"Andre C, Py MO, Niemeyer-Filho P (2003) Temporal muscle haematoma as a cause of suboptimal haemicraniectomy: case report. 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All procedures performed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Written consent for the publication of findings was obtained from patients or their families.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}