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Among 26 symptomatic infants, there were 18 boys (69%) and 8 girls (31%)\u2014mean age 5.1 month, without age difference between genders.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Twenty-one of 26 symptomatic children (81%) had a head circumference at or above the 90 percentile, and 18 had a head circumference at or above the 97 percentile. After macrocephaly, seizure was the most frequent initial symptom in 13 (50%) of the symptomatic infants. Seventeen (65%) of the symptomatic infants had bilateral retinal haemorrhages, and two had unilateral retinal haemorrhages. All infants had neuroimaging compatible with chronic subdural haematomas\/hygromas as well as radiological characteristics compatible with benign external hydrocephalus (BEH).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>BEH with subdural haematomas\/hygromas in infants may sometimes be misdiagnosed as abusive head trauma. Based on the authors\u2019 experience and findings of the study, the following measures are suggested to avoid this diagnostic pitfall: medical experts in infant abuse cases should be trained in recognising clinical and radiological BEH features, clinicians with neuro-paediatric experience should always be included in the expert teams and reliable information about the head circumference development from birth should always be available.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-021-04786-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T06:03:05Z","timestamp":1615528985000},"page":"1161-1172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Is external hydrocephalus a possible differential diagnosis when child abuse is suspected?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"164","author":[{"given":"Joseph","family":"Scheller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8489-3931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Knut","family":"Wester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"4786_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-3647","volume":"126","author":"C Adamsbaum","year":"2010","unstructured":"Adamsbaum C, Grabar S, Mejean N, Rey-Salmon C (2010) Abusive head trauma: judicial admissions highlight violent and repetitive shaking. 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However, Joseph Scheller has served as a paid and unpaid expert for the defence in many cases of suspected abusive head injury in US courts. Knut Wester has served as a mostly unpaid expert witness for the court and the defence in a few cases of suspected abusive head injury in Norwegian courts.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}