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Standard treatment involves surgical debridement, wound drainage, and long-term antibiotic administration. Autologous platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) constitutes a biomaterial obtained from patients\u2019 own blood that contains leukocytes, chemokines and growth factors boosting cicatrization. Due to favorable results reported from other surgical disciplines such as dentistry, orthopedics, maxillofacial and plastic surgery using PRF, the authors hypothesized that PRF augmentation will promote wound healing in dSSIs.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To report our preliminary results on the safety and efficacy of autologous-PRF as an add-on therapy on a pilot case series of persistent dSSI after instrumented spinal surgery.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Among the 293 patients who underwent dorsal decompression and stabilization of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine due to degenerative diseases in our department, 12 patients (4%) presented persisting dSSI after standard wound debridement and antibiotic treatment. PRF augmentation was used during a second surgical revision as an add-on therapy to standard debridement. In all cases, the wound was primarily closed without drains.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Wound healing was completed between 14 and 21\u00a0days after the second surgical revision in all patients. At a median follow-up of 8\u00a0months (range: 6 to 18\u00a0months), no recurrence of dSSI nor complications were encountered in any case.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our preliminary results suggest that PRF augmentation in persistent dSSI after instrumented spinal surgery appears to be a safe and effective strategy to promote wound healing. Prospective controlled studies are required to define the efficiency of PRF more clearly in both treating and preventing dSSI.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-021-04952-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,24]],"date-time":"2021-08-24T22:03:01Z","timestamp":1629842581000},"page":"2761-2767","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Autologous platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) augmentation as an add-on therapy in deep surgical site infections (dSSIs) after instrumented spinal surgery: preliminary results of a single institution case series"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"163","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5820-1110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Vasilikos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Roelz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Scholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Mizaikoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katerina","family":"Argiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Watzlawick","family":"Ralf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgios-Christos","family":"Giagkos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evangelos M.","family":"Fragkakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahram","family":"Ghanaati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Hubbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"4952_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000000668","volume":"31","author":"C Alcala-Marquez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alcala-Marquez C, Torrealba R, Mehbod AA, Dawson JM, Dressel TD, Transfeldt EE (2018) Recurrent surgical site infections in the spine after treatment with the vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) system. 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All procedures and applications on patients were in accordance with the institutional ethical standards as well as the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments. Informed consent was acquired from all patients.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Ioannis Vasilikos, Roland Roelz, Christoph Scholz, Boris Mizaikoff, Katerina Argiti, Watzlawick Ralf, Georgios-Christos Giagkos, Evangelos M. Fragkakis, J\u00fcrgen Beck, Ulrich Hubbe.The above listed authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers' bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.Prof. Ghanaati is a medical consultant in Mectron Inc. that produces the PRF-Centrifugation Device used in our experiments.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}