{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T10:44:44Z","timestamp":1785926684541,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]],"date-time":"2021-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]],"date-time":"2021-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UMO-019\/35\/B\/ST7\/00500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UMO-019\/35\/B\/ST7\/00500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004737","name":"National Health Research Institutes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004737","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Neurochir"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The pulse waveform of intracranial pressure (ICP) is its distinctive feature almost always present in the clinical recordings. In most cases, it changes proportionally to rising ICP, and observation of these changes may be clinically useful. We introduce the higher harmonics centroid (HHC) which can be defined as the center of mass of harmonics of the ICP pulse waveform from the 2nd to 10th, where mass corresponds to amplitudes of these harmonics. We investigate the changes in HHC during ICP monitoring, including isolated episodes of ICP plateau waves.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Recordings from 325 patients treated between 2002 and 2010 were reviewed. Twenty-six patients with ICP plateau waves were identified. In the first step, the correlation between HHC and ICP was examined for the entire monitoring period. In the second step, the above relation was calculated separately for periods of elevated ICP during plateau wave and the baseline.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>For the values averaged over the whole monitoring period, ICP (22.3\u2009\u00b1\u20096.9\u00a0mm\u00a0Hg) correlates significantly (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.45, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.022) with HHC (3.64\u2009\u00b1\u20090.46). During the ICP plateau waves (ICP increased from 20.9\u2009\u00b1\u20096.0 to 53.7\u2009\u00b1\u20099.7\u00a0mm\u00a0Hg, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u200910<jats:sup>\u221216<\/jats:sup>), we found a significant decrease in HHC (from 3.65\u2009\u00b1\u20090.48 to 3.21\u2009\u00b1\u20090.33, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910<jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The good correlation between HHC and ICP supports the clinical application of pressure waveform analysis in addition to the recording of ICP number only. Mean ICP may be distorted by a zero drift, but HHC remains immune to this error. Further research is required to test whether a decline in HHC with elevated ICP can be an early warning sign of intracranial hypertension, whether individual breakpoints of correlation between ICP and its centroid are of clinical importance.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-021-04958-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]],"date-time":"2021-08-13T09:02:53Z","timestamp":1628845373000},"page":"3249-3258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Intracranial pulse pressure waveform analysis using the higher harmonics centroid"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"163","author":[{"given":"Agnieszka P.","family":"Zakrzewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142 M.","family":"Placek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Czosnyka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2271-7737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Kasprowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erhard W.","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"4958_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1967.212.4.840","volume":"212","author":"RJ Adolph","year":"1967","unstructured":"Adolph RJ, Fukusumi H, Fowler N (1967) Origin of cerebrospinal fluid pulsations. Am J Physiol Leg Content 212:840\u2013846","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Leg Content"},{"key":"4958_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.217.3.r00dc42877","volume":"217","author":"NJ Alperin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Alperin NJ, Lee SH, Loth F, Raksin PB, Lichtor T (2000) MR-Intracranial pressure (ICP): a method to measure intracranial elastance and pressure noninvasively by means of MR imaging: baboon and human study. Radiology 217:877\u2013885","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"4958_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.42.8.687","volume":"42","author":"CJ Avezaat","year":"1979","unstructured":"Avezaat CJ, van Eijndhoven JH, Wyper DJ (1979) Cerebrospinal fluid pulse pressure and intracranial volume-pressure relationships. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 42:687\u2013700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.42.8.687","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"4958_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20722","volume":"24","author":"O Bal\u00e9dent","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bal\u00e9dent O, Fin L, Khuoy L, Ambarki K, Gauvin AC, Gondry-Jouet C, Meyer ME (2006) Brain hydrodynamics study by phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging and transcranial color doppler. J Magn Reson Imaging 24:995\u20131004","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"4958_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berdyga J, Czosnyka M, Czernicki Z, Williamson M (1993) Analysis of the intracranial pressure waveform by means of spectral methods. In: Intracranial pressure VIII. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg,\u00a0pp 372\u2013375","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-77789-9_80"},{"key":"4958_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.310.6977.446","volume":"310","author":"JM Bland","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bland JM, Altman DG (1995) Statistics notes: calculating correlation coefficients with repeated observations: Part 1\u2014correlation within subjects. BMJ 310:446","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"4958_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bray R, Sherwood A, Halter J, Robertson C, Grossman R (1986) Development of a clinical monitoring system by means of ICP waveform analysis. In: Intracranial pressure VI. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 260\u2013264","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-70971-5_49"},{"key":"4958_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1983.59.5.0817","volume":"59","author":"ER Cardoso","year":"1983","unstructured":"Cardoso ER, Rowan JO, Galbraith S (1983) Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid pulse wave in intracranial pressure. J Neurosurg 59:817\u2013821. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1983.59.5.0817","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"4958_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000001432","volume":"80","author":"N Carney","year":"2017","unstructured":"Carney N, Totten AM, O\u2019Reilly C, Ullman JS, Hawryluk GW, Bell MJ, Bratton SL, Chesnut R, Harris OA, Kissoon N (2017) Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury. Neurosurgery 80:6\u201315","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"4958_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2009.0951","volume":"27","author":"E Carrera","year":"2010","unstructured":"Carrera E, Kim D-J, Castellani G, Zweifel C, Czosnyka Z, Kasprowicz M, Smielewski P, Pickard JD, Czosnyka M (2010) What shapes pulse amplitude of intracranial pressure? J Neurotrauma 27:317\u2013324","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"4958_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1980.53.4.0516","volume":"53","author":"M Chopp","year":"1980","unstructured":"Chopp M, Portnoy HD (1980) Systems analysis of intracranial pressure: comparison with volume-pressure test and CSF-pulse amplitude analysis. J Neurosurg 53:516\u2013527","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"4958_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.1989.11739892","volume":"11","author":"L Christensen","year":"1989","unstructured":"Christensen L, B\u00f8rgesen SE (1989) Single pulse pressure wave analysis by fast Fourier transformation. Neurol Res 11:197\u2013200","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"key":"4958_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(94)00106-Q","volume":"57","author":"CF Contant Jr","year":"1995","unstructured":"Contant CF Jr, Robertson CS, Crouch J, Gopinath SP, Narayan RK, Grossman RG (1995) Intracranial pressure waveform indices in transient and refractory intracranial hypertension. J Neurosci Methods 57:15\u201325","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"4958_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199707000-00005","volume":"41","author":"M Czosnyka","year":"1997","unstructured":"Czosnyka M, Smielewski P, Kirkpatrick P, Laing RJ, Menon D, Pickard JD (1997) Continuous assessment of the cerebral vasomotor reactivity in head injury. Neurosurgery 41:11\u201319","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"4958_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1999.91.1.0011","volume":"91","author":"M Czosnyka","year":"1999","unstructured":"Czosnyka M, Smielewski P, Piechnik S, Schmidt EA, Al-Rawi PG, Kirkpatrick PJ, Pickard JD (1999) Hemodynamic characterization of intracranial pressure plateau waves in head-injured patients. J Neurosurg 91:11\u201319","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"4958_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-013-9918-y","volume":"21","author":"C Dias","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dias C, Maia I, Cerejo A, Varsos G, Smielewski P, Paiva J-A, Czosnyka M (2014) Pressures, flow, and brain oxygenation during plateau waves of intracranial pressure. Neurocrit Care 21:124\u2013132","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"4958_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E75","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyy468","volume":"85","author":"J Donnelly","year":"2019","unstructured":"Donnelly J, Czosnyka M, Adams H, Cardim D, Kolias AG, Zeiler FA, Lavinio A, Aries M, Robba C, Smielewski P (2019) Twenty-five years of intracranial pressure monitoring after severe traumatic brain injury: a retrospective, single-center analysis. Neurosurgery 85:E75\u2013E82","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"4958_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1966.00470120056009","volume":"14","author":"HS Dunbar","year":"1966","unstructured":"Dunbar HS, Guthrie TC, Karpell B (1966) A study of the cerebrospinal fluid pulse wave. Arch Neurol 14:624\u2013630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archneur.1966.00470120056009","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"4958_CR19","first-page":"429","volume":"36","author":"J Fuentes","year":"1979","unstructured":"Fuentes J, Bouscarel C, Choucair Y, Roquefeuil B, Vlahovitch B, Blanchet P (1979) Monitoring of intracranial pression in acute neurotrauma by extra-dural screw (author\u2019s transl). Anesth Analg Reanim 36:429\u2013433","journal-title":"Anesth Analg Reanim"},{"key":"4958_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gega A, Utsumi S, Iida Y, Iida N, Tsuncda S (1980) Analysis of the wave pattern of CSF pulse wave. In: Intracranial pressure IV. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 188\u2013190","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-67543-0_44"},{"key":"4958_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1097\/01376517-198812000-00004","volume":"20","author":"K Germon","year":"1988","unstructured":"Germon K (1988) Interpretation of ICP pulse waves to determine intracerebral compliance. The Journal of neuroscience nursing: journal of the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses 20:344\u2013351","journal-title":"The Journal of neuroscience nursing: journal of the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses"},{"key":"4958_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gokaslan Z, Bray R, Sherwood A, Robertson C, Narayan R, Contant C, Grossman R (1989) Dynamic pressure volume index via ICP waveform analysis. In: Intracranial pressure VII. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg,\u00a0pp 124\u2013128","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-73987-3_33"},{"key":"4958_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamer J, K\u00fchner A (1976) Mean intracranial resting pressure, episodic pressure fluctuations, and intracranial volume\/pressure response in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. In: Intracranial pressure III. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg,\u00a0pp 157\u2013161","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-66508-0_28"},{"key":"4958_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05805-9","volume":"45","author":"GW Hawryluk","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hawryluk GW, Aguilera S, Buki A, Bulger E, Citerio G, Cooper DJ, Arrastia RD, Diringer M, Figaji A, Gao G (2019) A management algorithm for patients with intracranial pressure monitoring: the Seattle International Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Consensus Conference (SIBICC). Intensive Care Med 45:1783\u20131794","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"4958_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(84)90404-X","volume":"21","author":"O Hirai","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hirai O, Handa H, Ishikawa M, Kim SH (1984) Epidural pulse waveform as an indicator of intracranial pressure dynamics. Surg Neurol 21:67\u201374","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"4958_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2003.98.1.0214","volume":"98","author":"EW Lang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lang EW, Paulat K, Witte C, Zolondz J, Mehdorn HM (2003) Noninvasive intracranial compliance monitoring: technical note and clinical results. J Neurosurg 98:214\u2013218","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"4958_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/66.4.476","volume":"66","author":"E Lin","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lin E, Poon W, Hutchinson R, Oh T (1991) Systems analysis applied to intracranial pressure waveforms and correlation with clinical status in head injured patients. Br J Anaesth 66:476\u2013482","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"4958_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-510x(99)00137-9","volume":"168","author":"MH Morgalla","year":"1999","unstructured":"Morgalla MH, Stumm F, Hesse G (1999) A computer-based method for continuous single pulse analysis of intracranial pressure waves. J Neurol Sci 168:90\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0022-510x(99)00137-9","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"4958_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01401089","volume":"38","author":"H Nornes","year":"1977","unstructured":"Nornes H, Aaslid R, Lindegaard KF (1977) Intracranial pulse pressure dynamics in patients with intracranial hypertension. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 38:177\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01401089","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"4958_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-9115-6_130","volume":"51","author":"IR Piper","year":"1990","unstructured":"Piper IR, Miller JD, Whittle IR, Lawson A (1990) Automated time-averaged analysis of craniospinal compliance (short pulse response). Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 51:387\u2013390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-7091-9115-6_130","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien)"},{"key":"4958_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1989.71.5.0673","volume":"71","author":"CS Robertson","year":"1989","unstructured":"Robertson CS, Narayan RK, Contant CF, Grossman RG, Gokaslan ZL, Pahwa R, Caram P, Bray RS, Sherwood AM (1989) Clinical experience with a continuous monitor of intracranial compliance. J Neurosurg 71:673\u2013680","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"4958_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1984.60.2.0312","volume":"60","author":"MJ Rosner","year":"1984","unstructured":"Rosner MJ, Becker DP (1984) Origin and evolution of plateau waves: experimental observations and a theoretical model. J Neurosurg 60:312\u2013324","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"4958_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1982.56.6.0819","volume":"56","author":"K Shapiro","year":"1982","unstructured":"Shapiro K, Marmarou A (1982) Clinical applications of the pressure-volume index in treatment of pediatric head injuries. J Neurosurg 56:819\u2013825. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1982.56.6.0819","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"4958_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1977.47.4.0532","volume":"47","author":"HG Sullivan","year":"1977","unstructured":"Sullivan HG, Miller JD, Becker DP, Flora RE, Allen GA (1977) The physiological basis of intracranial pressure change with progressive epidural brain compression. An experimental evaluation in cats. J Neurosurg 47:532\u2013550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1977.47.4.0532","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"4958_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198703000-00001","volume":"20","author":"H Takizawa","year":"1987","unstructured":"Takizawa H, Gabra-Sanders T, Miller DJ (1987) Changes in the cerebrospinal fluid pulse wave spectrum associated with raised intracranial pressure. Neurosurgery 20:355\u2013361","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"4958_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-017-3435-2","volume":"160","author":"M Unnerb\u00e4ck","year":"2018","unstructured":"Unnerb\u00e4ck M, Ottesen JT, Reinstrup P (2018) ICP curve morphology and intracranial flow-volume changes: a simultaneous ICP and cine phase contrast MRI study in humans. Acta Neurochir 160:219\u2013224","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"key":"4958_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-013-9830-5","volume":"18","author":"GV Varsos","year":"2013","unstructured":"Varsos GV, De Riva N, Smielewski P, Pickard JD, Brady KM, Reinhard M, Avolio A, Czosnyka M (2013) Critical closing pressure during intracranial pressure plateau waves. Neurocrit Care 18:341\u2013348","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"4958_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3171\/PED\/2008\/2\/7\/083","volume":"2","author":"R Zou","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zou R, Park E-H, Kelly EM, Egnor M, Wagshul ME, Madsen JR (2008) Intracranial pressure waves: characterization of a pulsation absorber with notch filter properties using systems analysis. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2:83\u201394","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"}],"container-title":["Acta Neurochirurgica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00701-021-04958-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00701-021-04958-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00701-021-04958-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]],"date-time":"2021-11-17T07:23:18Z","timestamp":1637133798000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00701-021-04958-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4958"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-021-04958-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-6268","0942-0940"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-6268","type":"print"},{"value":"0942-0940","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 May 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 July 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 August 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"MC has a financial interest in part of licensing fee of ICM\u2009+\u2009software () used in this study. Other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}