{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T19:14:32Z","timestamp":1772478872242,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642464000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Neurochir"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-022-05119-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T02:07:31Z","timestamp":1642471651000},"page":"1115-1123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Long-term oncological outcomes after haemorrhagic apoplexy in pituitary adenoma managed operatively and non-operatively"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"164","author":[{"given":"Karol P.","family":"Budohoski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5156-2359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sogha","family":"Khawari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Cavalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boon L.","family":"Quah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelos","family":"Kolias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mueez","family":"Waqar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prahlad G.","family":"Krishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Indu","family":"Lawes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Cains","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Arwyn-Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhangjie","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Gurnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Powlson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Donnelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Tysome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rishi","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brinda","family":"Muthusamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tara","family":"Kearney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hani J.","family":"Marcus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kanna","family":"Gnanalingham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konstantina","family":"Karabatsou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omar N.","family":"Pathmanaban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saurabh","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Santarius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Mannion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramez W.","family":"Kirollos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"5119_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.07.055","volume":"130","author":"JP Almeida","year":"2019","unstructured":"Almeida JP, Sanchez MM, Karekezi C et al (2019) Pituitary apoplexy: results of surgical and conservative management clinical series and review of the literature. World Neurosurg 130:e988\u2013e999","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"5119_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-71-2-323","volume":"71","author":"BM Arafah","year":"1990","unstructured":"Arafah BM, Harrington JF, Madhoun ZT, Selman WR (1990) Improvement of pituitary function after surgical decompression for pituitary tumor apoplexy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 71(2):323\u2013328","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"5119_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199109000-00021","volume":"15","author":"MR Armstrong","year":"1991","unstructured":"Armstrong MR, Douek M, Schellinger D, Patronas NJ (1991) Regression of pituitary macroadenoma after pituitary apoplexy. J Comput Assist Tomogr 15(5):832\u2013834","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"issue":"6","key":"5119_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2004.02162.x","volume":"61","author":"J Ayuk","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ayuk J, McGregor EJ, Mitchell RD, Gittoes NJL (2004) Acute management of pituitary apoplexy\u2014surgery or conservative management? Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 61(6):747\u2013752","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"5119_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bills DC, Meyer FB, Laws ER, Davis DH, Ebersold MJ, Scheithauer BW, Ilstrup DM, Abboud CF (1993) A retrospective analysis of pituitary apoplexy. Neurosurgery 33(4):602\u20138; discussion 608\u20139","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199310000-00007"},{"key":"5119_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonicki W, Kasperlik-Za\u0142uska A, Koszewski W, Zgliczy\u0144ski W, Wis\u0142awski J (1993) Pituitary apoplexy: endocrine, surgical and oncological emergency. Incidence, clinical course and treatment with reference to 799 cases of pituitary adenomas. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 120(3\u20134):118\u201322","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02112028"},{"issue":"3","key":"5119_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12307","volume":"80","author":"S Bujawansa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bujawansa S, Thondam SK, Steele C, Cuthbertson DJ, Gilkes CE, Noonan C, Bleaney CW, MacFarlane IA, Javadpour M, Daousi C (2014) Presentation, management and outcomes in acute pituitary apoplexy: a large single-centre experience from the United Kingdom. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 80(3):419\u2013424","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"1","key":"5119_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2006.01.006","volume":"109","author":"AS Dubuisson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dubuisson AS, Beckers A, Stevenaert A (2007) Classical pituitary tumour apoplexy: clinical features, management and outcomes in a series of 24 patients. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 109(1):63\u201370","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"5119_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13075","volume":"85","author":"S Giritharan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Giritharan S, Gnanalingham K, Kearney T (2016) Pituitary apoplexy\u2014bespoke patient management allows good clinical outcome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 85(3):415\u2013422","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"5119_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.08.115","volume":"132","author":"K Goshtasbi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Goshtasbi K, Abiri A, Sahyouni R, Mahboubi H, Raefsky S, Kuan EC, Hsu FPK, Cadena G (2019) Visual and endocrine recovery following conservative and surgical treatment of pituitary apoplexy: a meta-analysis. World Neurosurg 132:33\u201340","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"5119_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02688690601046678","author":"A Gruber","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gruber A, Clayton J, Kumar S, Robertson I, Howlett T, Mansell P (2006) Pituitary apoplexy: retrospective review of 30 patients\u2014is surgical intervention always necessary? Br J Neurosurg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02688690601046678","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"7","key":"5119_CR12","first-page":"2190","volume":"80","author":"P Maccagnan","year":"1995","unstructured":"Maccagnan P, Macedo CL, Kayath MJ, Nogueira RG, Abucham J (1995) Conservative management of pituitary apoplexy: a prospective study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80(7):2190\u20132197","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"5119_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pangal DJ, Chesney K, Memel Z, Bonney PA, Strickland BA, Carmichael J, Shiroishi M, Jason Liu CS, Zada G (2020) Pituitary apoplexy case series: outcomes after endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery at a single tertiary center. World Neurosurg 1\u20137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.01.204"},{"issue":"9496","key":"5119_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67626-X","volume":"366","author":"HC Patel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Patel HC, Bouamra O, Woodford M, King AT, Yates DW, Lecky FE (2005) Trends in head injury outcome from 1989 to 2003 and the effect of neurosurgical care: an observational study. Lancet 366(9496):1538\u20131544","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5119_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rajasekaran S, Vanderpump M, Baldeweg S, et al (2011) UK guidelines for the management of pituitary apoplexy. Pituitary Apoplexy Guidelines Development Group: May 2010. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 74(1):9\u201320","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2010.03913.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"5119_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1999.00754.x","volume":"51","author":"HS Randeva","year":"1999","unstructured":"Randeva HS, Schoebel J, Byrne J, Esiri M, Adams CBT, Wass JAH (1999) Classical pituitary apoplexy: clinical features, management and outcome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 51(2):181\u2013188","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"5","key":"5119_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04081.x","volume":"75","author":"NL Reddy","year":"2011","unstructured":"Reddy NL, Rajasekaran S, Han TS, Theodoraki A, Drake W, Vanderpump M, Baldeweg S, Wass JAH (2011) An objective scoring tool in the management of patients with pituitary apoplexy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 75(5):723","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"2","key":"5119_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.2.JNS1784","volume":"129","author":"MJ Rutkowski","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rutkowski MJ, Kunwar S, Blevins L, Aghi MK (2018) Surgical intervention for pituitary apoplexy: an analysis of functional outcomes. J Neurosurg 129(2):417\u2013424","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"6","key":"5119_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2011.49.6.339","volume":"49","author":"J-W Seuk","year":"2011","unstructured":"Seuk J-W, Kim C-H, Yang M-S, Cheong J-H, Kim J-M (2011) Visual outcome after transsphenoidal surgery in patients with pituitary apoplexy. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 49(6):339","journal-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"5119_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-005-1050-3","volume":"7","author":"L Sibal","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sibal L, Ball SG, Connolly V et al (2004) Pituitary apoplexy: a review of clinical presentation, management and outcome in 45 cases. Pituitary 7(3):157\u2013163","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"6","key":"5119_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.10.JNS141204","volume":"122","author":"TD Singh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Singh TD, Valizadeh N, Meyer FB, Atkinson JLD, Erickson D, Rabinstein AA (2015) Management and outcomes of pituitary apoplexy. J Neurosurg 122(6):1450\u20131457","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"5119_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2016.09.047","volume":"370","author":"M Tu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tu M, Lu Q, Zhu P, Zheng W (2016) Surgical versus non-surgical treatment for pituitary apoplexy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol Sci 370:258\u2013262","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"5119_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2010.48.3.213","volume":"48","author":"H-J Woo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Woo H-J, Hwang J-H, Hwang S-K, Park Y-M (2010) Clinical outcome of cranial neuropathy in patients with pituitary apoplexy. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 48(3):213\u2013218","journal-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"5119_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suronc.2007.06.001","volume":"16","author":"X Zhang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhang X, Fei Z, Zhang W et al (2007) Emergency transsphenoidal surgery for hemorrhagic pituitary adenomas. Surg Oncol 16(2):115\u2013120","journal-title":"Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5119_CR25","first-page":"54","volume":"64","author":"G Zieli\u0144ski","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zieli\u0144ski G, Witek P, Koziarski A, Podg\u00f3rski J (2013) Spontaneous regression of non-functioning pituitary adenoma due to pituitary apoplexy following anticoagulation treatment\u2014a case report and review of the literature. Endokrynol Pol 64(1):54\u201358","journal-title":"Endokrynol Pol"}],"container-title":["Acta Neurochirurgica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00701-022-05119-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00701-022-05119-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00701-022-05119-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T00:03:51Z","timestamp":1648685031000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00701-022-05119-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["5119"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-022-05119-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0942-0940"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0942-0940","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 September 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 December 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 January 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Study was registered as audit. Study was approved by Institutional Review Boards and was not required to undergo Research Ethics Review.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing of interests"}}]}}