{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T03:14:01Z","timestamp":1740107641587,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655424000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Eastern Finland (UEF) including Kuopio University Hospital"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Neurochir"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study aims to elucidate the incidence of and independent risk factors for spinal cord stimulator implantations for patients who underwent lumbar spine surgery.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The PERFormance, Effectiveness, and Cost of Treatment (PERFECT) episodes database, which was established for selected diseases and procedures in Finland, includes all patients who underwent lumbar spine surgery for degenerative spine conditions or spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in Finland from 1986 to 2018. The data on age, sex, hospital diagnoses, surgical procedures, and causes of death were imported from the Finnish national registers into the PERFECT database.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Between 1986 and 2018, 157,824 patients had their first lumbar spine procedure and for 1769 (1.1%) of them, a subsequent SCS procedure was observed during the follow-up. The cumulative incidence of SCS for persistent or recurrent pain after lumbar disk herniation, spinal stenosis, degenerative disk disease, and spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis surgery at 15\u00a0years was 1.2%, 1.0%, 2.7%, and 2.6% respectively. At 15\u00a0years, the cumulative incidence of SCS for persistent or recurrent pain after lumbar spine surgery after five or more lumbar spinal operations was 11.9%.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Repeated surgery was the most prominent significant risk factor for SCS for persistent or recurrent pain after lumbar spine surgery. The risk of SCS for persistent or recurrent pain after lumbar spine surgery increases significantly along with the number of lumbar spine procedures. When considering repeated lumbar spine surgery, careful evaluation of treatment options should take place to ensure good patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-022-05268-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T14:09:06Z","timestamp":1655474946000},"page":"2645-2653","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Incidence and risk factors of spinal cord stimulation for persistent or recurrent pain after lumbar spine surgery: a population-based study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"164","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9440-7917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jukka","family":"Huttunen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikael von und zu","family":"Fraunberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiina-Mari","family":"Ik\u00e4heimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henna-Kaisa","family":"Jyrkk\u00e4nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mette","family":"Nissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ville","family":"Leinonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jyrki","family":"Salmenkivi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antti","family":"Malmivaara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joonas","family":"Sirola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reijo","family":"Sund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"5268_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amirdelfan K, Webster L, Poree L, Sukul V, McRoberts P. (2017) Treatment options for failed back surgery syndrome patients with refractory chronic pain: an evidence based approach. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2017;42 Suppl 14:S41-S52","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002217"},{"key":"5268_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christelis N, Simpson B, Russo M, et al. (2021) Persistent spinal pain syndrome: a proposal for failed back surgery syndrome and ICD-11. Pain Medicine. 2021. 22(4), 2021, 807\u2013818","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnab015"},{"key":"5268_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2161","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-019-04026-9","volume":"161","author":"A Kotkansalo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kotkansalo A, Malmivaara A, Korajoki M, Korhonen K, Leinonen V (2019) Surgical techniques for degenerative cervical spine in finland from 1999 to 2015. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 161:2161\u20132173","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"5268_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-019-03958-6","volume":"161","author":"A Kotkansalo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kotkansalo A, Leinonen V, Korajoki M, Salmenkivi J, Korhonen K, Malmivaara A (2019) Surgery for degenerative cervical spine disease in Finland, 1999\u20132015. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 161:2147\u20132159","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"5268_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar K, North R, Taylor R, et al. (2005) Spinal cord stimulation vs. conventional medical management: a prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter study of patients with failed back surgery syndrome (PROCESS study). Neuromodulation. 2005;8:213\u2013218","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1403.2005.00027.x"},{"key":"5268_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar K, Taylor RS, Jacques L, et al. (2008) The effects of spinal cord stimulation in neuropathic pain are sustained: a 24-month follow-up of the prospective randomized controlled multicenter trial of the effectiveness of spinal cord stimulation. Neurosurgery. 2008;63:762\u201370; discussion 770.","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000325731.46702.D9"},{"key":"5268_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E37","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj\/2019.22.E37","volume":"22","author":"J Maatta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Maatta J, Martikainen A, Pakarinen M et al (2019) High level of childhood trauma predicts a poor response to spinal cord stimulation in chronic neuropathic pain. Pain Physician 22:E37\u2013E44","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"5268_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nissen M, Ikaheimo TM, Huttunen J, Leinonen V, von Und Zu Fraunberg, M. (2018) Long-term outcome of spinal cord stimulation in failed back surgery syndrome: 20 years of experience with 224 consecutive patients. Neurosurgery 84(5):1011\u20131018","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyy194"},{"key":"5268_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199105000-00009","volume":"28","author":"RB North","year":"1991","unstructured":"North RB, Ewend MG, Lawton MT, Kidd DH, Piantadosi S (1991) Failed back surgery syndrome: 5-year follow-up after spinal cord stimulator implantation. Neurosurgery 28:692\u2013699","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"5268_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000144839.65524.E0","volume":"56","author":"RB North","year":"2005","unstructured":"North RB, Kidd DH, Farrokhi F, Piantadosi SA (2005) Spinal cord stimulation versus repeated lumbosacral spine surgery for chronic pain: a randomized, controlled trial. 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Scand J Public Health 40:505\u2013515","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"key":"5268_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1177\/2049463713479096","volume":"7","author":"S Thomson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Thomson S (2013) Failed back surgery syndrome - definition, epidemiology and demographics. Br J Pain 7:56\u201359","journal-title":"Br J Pain"},{"key":"5268_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-012-2320-1","volume":"21","author":"V Turunen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Turunen V, Nyyss\u00f6nen T, Miettinen H et al (2012) Lumbar instrumented posterolateral fusion in spondylolisthetic and failed back patients: a long-term follow-up study spanning 11\u201313 years. Eur Spine J 21:2140\u20132148","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"5268_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2016.10.6.1195","volume":"10","author":"PM Waszak","year":"2016","unstructured":"Waszak PM, Modri\u0107 M, Paturej A et al (2016) Spinal cord stimulation in failed back surgery syndrome: review of clinical use, quality of life and cost-effectiveness. Asian Spine J 10:1195\u20131204","journal-title":"Asian Spine J"}],"container-title":["Acta Neurochirurgica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00701-022-05268-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00701-022-05268-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00701-022-05268-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T05:11:48Z","timestamp":1664341908000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00701-022-05268-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["5268"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-022-05268-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0942-0940"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"0942-0940"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 April 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 June 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 June 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The manuscript submitted does not contain information about medical device(s)\/drug(s).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The PERFECT research database was approved by the Ethics Committee of the THL (THL 496\/6.02.00\/2011), and the respective authorities of the administrative registers approved the combining of the data. Researchers had access only to the anonymized data. We did not contact the patients during the study, and therefore informed consent was not required from the patients.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}