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Thrombocytopenia was defined as a platelet count\u2009&lt;\u2009100\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/L during the first day. The association between thrombocytopenia and hospital and 12-month mortality was tested using multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for markers of injury severity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 4419 patients, 530 (12%) had early thrombocytopenia. In patients with thrombocytopenia, hospital and 12-month mortality were 26% and 48%, respectively; in patients with a platelet count\u2009&gt;\u2009100\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/L, they were 9% and 22%, respectively. After adjusting for injury severity, a higher platelet count was associated with decreased odds of hospital mortality (OR 0.998 per unit, 95% CI 0.996\u20130.999) and 12-month mortality (OR 0.998 per unit, 95% CI 0.997\u20130.999) in patients with moderate-to-severe TBI. Compared to patients with a normal platelet count, patients with thrombocytopenia not receiving platelet transfusion had an increased risk of 12-month mortality (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.6\u20133.0), whereas patients with thrombocytopenia receiving platelet transfusion did not (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.6\u20131.7).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early thrombocytopenia occurs in approximately one-tenth of patients with TBI treated in the ICU, and it is an independent risk factor for mortality in patients with moderate-to-severe TBI. Further research is necessary to determine whether this is modifiable by platelet transfusion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-022-05277-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T06:04:04Z","timestamp":1657865044000},"page":"2731-2740","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Early thrombocytopenia is associated with an increased risk of mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury treated in the intensive care unit: a Finnish Intensive Care Consortium study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"164","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7692-5630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kadri","family":"Lillem\u00e4e","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teemu","family":"Luostarinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matti","family":"Reinikainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stepani","family":"Bendel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruut","family":"Laitio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanna","family":"Hoppu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tero","family":"Ala-Kokko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomi","family":"Niemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus B.","family":"Skrifvars","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Raj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"5277_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2008) STROBE statement\u2014checklist of items that should be included in reports of observational studies (STROBE initiative). 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This manuscript has not been published elsewhere and is not under consideration by another journal. An abstract has been submitted to the 2022 Scandinavian Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine annual congress.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authorship requirements have been met, and the final manuscript was approved by all authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study has been performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. For this type of study (retrospective), informed formal consent is not required. The ethics committee of Helsinki University Hospital (194\/13\/03\/14 \u00a797), the Finnish National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL\/713\/5.05.01\/2014 and THL\/1298\/5.05.00\/2019), Statistics Finland (TK-53\u20131047-14), the Social Insurance Institution of Finland (Kela 23\/522\/2018), the Office of the Data Protection Ombudsman (Dnro 2713\/402\/2016 28.10.16), and all the participating university hospitals\u2019 research committees approved this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Markus Skrifvars has received lecture fees and travel grants from BARD Medical (Ireland). All other authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}