{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T12:01:43Z","timestamp":1790251303952,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,15]],"date-time":"2023-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689379200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,15]],"date-time":"2023-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006041","name":"Innovate UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018956","name":"NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018956","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Neurochir"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Vestibular schwannoma (VS) is the most common benign tumour arising in the lateral skull base. Reported incidence rates of VS vary across geographical locations and over time. There is scarce updated evidence over the past decade on the epidemiology and mode of presentation of VS.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To describe the epidemiology and mode of presentation of VS in the East of England between 2013 and 2016.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A retrospective epidemiological analysis of data from a national VS registry and electronic patient records was conducted, including all newly diagnosed adult patients in a UK tertiary referral centre, between April 1st, 2013, and March 31st, 2016.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>There were 391 new cases identified resulting in an overall mean incidence of 2.2 VS cases per 100,000 person-year. The incidence rate for all patients in the &lt;40 age group ranged between 0.3 and 0.7 per 100,000 person-year, increasing to a range of 5.7 to 6.1 per 100,000 person-year in the 60\u201369 age group. The top three combinations of symptoms on presentation per patient were hearing loss and tinnitus (97, 24.8%), hearing loss alone (79, 20.2%) and hearing loss, tinnitus, and balance symptoms (61, 15.6%). The median duration of symptoms was 12 months, with a wide range from 1.4 to 300 months. Age was negatively correlated with tumour size (r = -0.14 [-0.24 to -0.04], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.01) and positively correlated with symptom duration (r = 0.16 [0.03\u20130.29], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.02).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The incidence of vestibular schwannoma has increased compared to previous studies in the UK and is similar to incidence rates reported in other countries during the past decade. It peaks in the seventh decade of life, mainly because of an increase in the diagnosis of small tumours with a long duration of audio-vestibular symptoms in older patients, compared to earlier studies.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-023-05665-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,15]],"date-time":"2023-07-15T10:02:22Z","timestamp":1689415342000},"page":"2903-2911","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Incidence and presentation of vestibular schwannoma: a 3-year cohort registry study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"165","author":[{"given":"Rocio","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3166-8711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yizhou","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Axon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Joannides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"5665_CR1","unstructured":"Axon P, Joannides AJ, Wan Y (2017) The british skull base society national VS audit 2015. University of Cambridge, Cambridge"},{"issue":"1","key":"5665_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.1.JNS121370","volume":"119","author":"R Babu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Babu R, Sharma R, Bagley JH, Hatef J, Friedman AH, Adamson C (2013) Vestibular schwannomas in the modern era: epidemiology, treatment trends, and disparities in management: Clinical article. J Neurosurg 119(1):121\u2013130","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"5665_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599815590105","volume":"153","author":"ML Carlson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Carlson ML, Habermann EB, Wagie AE, Driscoll CL, Van Gompel JJ, Jacob JT, Link MJ (2015) The changing landscape of vestibular schwannoma management in the United States\u2014a shift toward conservatism. Otolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 153(3):440\u2013446","journal-title":"Otolaryngol-Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"5665_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E35","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyx511","volume":"82","author":"ML Carlson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Carlson ML, Vivas EX, McCracken DJ, Sweeney AD, Neff BA, Shepard NT, Olson JJ (2018) Congress of neurological surgeons systematic review and evidence-based guidelines on hearing preservation outcomes in patients with sporadic vestibular schwannomas. Neurosurg 82(2):E35\u2013E39","journal-title":"Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"5665_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200501000-00016","volume":"26","author":"DGR Evans","year":"2005","unstructured":"Evans DGR, Moran A, King A, Saeed S, Gurusinghe N, Ramsden R (2005) Incidence of vestibular schwannoma and neurofibromatosis 2 in the North West of England over a 10-year period: higher incidence than previously thought. Otol Neurotol 26(1):93\u201397","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"issue":"11","key":"5665_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2776","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12112776","volume":"12","author":"L Gheorghe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gheorghe L, Negru D, Cobzeanu MD, Palade OD, Botnariu EG, Cobzeanu BM, Cobzeanu M-L (2022) The diagnostic accuracy of pure-tone audiometry screening protocols for vestibular schwannoma in patients with asymmetrical hearing loss\u2014a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diagnostics 12(11):2776","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"issue":"9","key":"5665_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e31826dba9e","volume":"33","author":"A Harun","year":"2012","unstructured":"Harun A, Agrawal Y, Tan M, Niparko JK, Francis HW (2012) Sex and age associations with vestibular schwannoma size and presenting symptoms. Otol Neurotol 33(9):1604\u20131610","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5665_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200307000-00019","volume":"24","author":"J Kanzaki","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kanzaki J, Tos M, Sanna M, Moffat DA, Monsell EM, Berliner KI (2003) New and modified reporting systems from the consensus meeting on systems for reporting results in vestibular schwannoma. Otol Neurotol 24(4):642\u2013648 discussion 648-649","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5665_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000003520","volume":"43","author":"KR Khandalavala","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khandalavala KR, Saba ES, Kocharyan A, Daher GS, Lohse CM, Marinelli JP, Carlson ML (2022) Hearing preservation in observed sporadic vestibular schwannoma: a systematic review. Otol Neurotol 43(6):604\u2013610","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"issue":"9","key":"5665_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001169","volume":"37","author":"M Kleijwegt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kleijwegt M, Ho V, Visser O, Godefroy W, van der Mey A (2016) Real incidence of vestibular schwannoma? Estimations From a national registry. Otol Neurotol 37(9):1411\u20131417","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"issue":"10","key":"5665_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489418788385","volume":"127","author":"M Koo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Koo M, Lai J-T, Yang EY-L, Liu T-C, Hwang J-H (2018) Incidence of Vestibular schwannoma in Taiwan from 2001 to 2012: a population-based national health insurance Study. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 127(10):694\u2013697","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5665_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1998.88.3.0506","volume":"88","author":"WT Koos","year":"1998","unstructured":"Koos WT, Day JD, Matula C, Levy DI (1998) Neurotopographic considerations in the microsurgical treatment of small acoustic neurinomas. J Neurosurg 88(3):506\u2013512","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"5665_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-015-1827-9","volume":"124","author":"VR Kshettry","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kshettry VR, Hsieh JK, Ostrom QT, Kruchko C, Barnholtz-Sloan JS (2015) Incidence of vestibular schwannomas in the United States. J Neurooncol 124(2):223\u2013228","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"issue":"02","key":"5665_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"075","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1261257","volume":"21","author":"J Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee J, Lee B, Hwang S (2011) Vestibular schwannoma in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Skull Base 21(02):075\u2013078","journal-title":"Skull Base"},{"issue":"2","key":"5665_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1177\/01945998211042006","volume":"167","author":"JP Marinelli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marinelli JP, Beeler CJ, Carlson ML, Caye-Thomasen P, Spear SA, Erbele ID (2022) Global incidence of sporadic vestibular schwannoma: a systematic review. Otolaryngol Neck Surg 167(2):209\u2013214","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Neck Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"5665_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab059","volume":"23","author":"JP Marinelli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marinelli JP, Carlson ML (2021) Potential for selection bias surrounding reporting of benign brain tumors in the United States. Neuro-Oncol 23(6):1037\u20131038","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5665_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599818770629","volume":"159","author":"JP Marinelli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marinelli JP, Lohse CM, Carlson ML (2018) Incidence of vestibular schwannoma over the past half-century: a population-based study of Olmsted County, Minnesota. Otolaryngol Neck Surg 159(4):717\u2013723","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Neck Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"5665_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002626","volume":"41","author":"JP Marinelli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marinelli JP, Lohse CM, Grossardt BR, Lane JI, Carlson ML (2020) Rising incidence of sporadic vestibular schwannoma: true biological shift versus simply greater detection. Otol Neurotol 41(6):813\u2013847","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5665_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e758","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000003049","volume":"42","author":"JP Marinelli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marinelli JP, Nassiri AM, Habermann EB, Lohse CM, Holton SJ, Carlson ML (2021) Underreporting of vestibular schwannoma incidence within national brain tumor and cancer registries in the United States. Otol Neurotol 42(6):e758","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5665_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2273.2004.00854.x","volume":"29","author":"DA Moffat","year":"2004","unstructured":"Moffat DA, Jones SE, Mahendran S, Humphriss R, Baguley DM (2004) Referral patterns in vestibular schwannomas \u2013 10 years on. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 29(5):515\u2013517","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci"},{"key":"5665_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.05.003","volume":"32","author":"I Paldor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Paldor I, Chen AS, Kaye AH (2016) Growth rate of vestibular schwannoma. J Clin Neurosci 32:1\u20138","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"5665_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S218670","volume":"11","author":"M Reznitsky","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reznitsky M, Petersen MMBS, West N, Stangerup S-E, Cay\u00e9-Thomasen P (2019) Epidemiology Of vestibular schwannomas \u2013 prospective 40-year data from an unselected national cohort. Clin Epidemiol 11:981\u2013986","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5665_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(00)00408-5","volume":"90","author":"JL Riley","year":"2001","unstructured":"Riley JL, Gilbert GH (2001) Orofacial pain symptoms: an interaction between age and sex. Pain 90(3):245\u2013256","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"5665_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2011.12.008","volume":"45","author":"S-E Stangerup","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stangerup S-E, Caye-Thomasen P (2012) Epidemiology and natural history of vestibular schwannomas. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 45(2):257\u2013268","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"5665_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199905000-00011","volume":"109","author":"M Tos","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tos M, Charabi S, Thomsen J (1999) Incidence of vestibular schwannomas. The Laryngoscope 109(5):736\u2013740","journal-title":"The Laryngoscope"},{"key":"5665_CR26","unstructured":"Census Output Area population estimates \u2013 East, England (supporting information) - Office for National Statistics. https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/populationandmigration\/populationestimates\/datasets\/censusoutputareaestimatesintheeastregionofengland. Accessed 26 Jun 2023"},{"issue":"19","key":"5665_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3579","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.33553","volume":"127","author":"DR Withrow","year":"2021","unstructured":"Withrow DR, Devesa SS, Deapen D, Petkov V, Van Dyke AL, Adamo M, Armstrong TS, Gilbert MR, Linet MS (2021) Nonmalignant meningioma and vestibular schwannoma incidence trends in the United States, 2004-2017. Cancer 127(19):3579\u20133590","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"5665_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wjorl.2016.10.002","volume":"2","author":"H Wu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wu H, Zhang L, Han D, Mao Y, Yang J, Wang Z, Jia W, Zhong P, Jia H (2016) Summary and consensus in 7th International Conference on acoustic neuroma: an update for the management of sporadic acoustic neuromas. World J Otorhinolaryngol - Head Neck Surg 2(4):234\u2013239","journal-title":"World J Otorhinolaryngol - Head Neck Surg"}],"container-title":["Acta Neurochirurgica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00701-023-05665-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00701-023-05665-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00701-023-05665-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T11:06:56Z","timestamp":1695985616000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00701-023-05665-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,15]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["5665"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-023-05665-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0942-0940"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0942-0940","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 February 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 June 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 July 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}