{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T12:43:14Z","timestamp":1772109794682,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]],"date-time":"2023-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689897600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]],"date-time":"2023-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689897600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007195","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Federico II","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007195","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Neurochir"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Neurosurgical indications for the superior eyelid transorbital endoscopic approach (SETOA) are rapidly expanding over the last years. Nevertheless, as any new technique, a detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the surgical target area, the operative corridor, and the specific surgical landmark from this different perspective is required for a safest and successful surgery. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide, through anatomical dissections, a detailed investigation of the surgical anatomy revealed by SETOA via anterolateral triangle of the middle cranial fossa. We also sought to define the relevant surgical landmarks of this operative corridor.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Eight embalmed and injected adult cadaveric specimens (16 sides) underwent dissection and exposure of the cavernous sinus and middle cranial fossa via superior eyelid endoscopic transorbital approach. The anterolateral triangle was opened and its content exposed. An extended endoscopic endonasal trans-clival approach (EEEA) with exposure of the cavernous sinus content and skeletonization of the paraclival and parasellar segments of the internal carotid artery (ICA) was also performed, and the anterolateral triangle was exposed. Measurements of the surface area of this triangle from both surgical corridors were calculated in three head specimens using coordinates of its borders under image-guide navigation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The drilling of the anterolateral triangle via SETOA unfolds a space that can be divided by the course of the vidian nerve into two windows, a wider \u201csupravidian\u201d and a narrower \u201cinfravidian,\u201d which reveal different anatomical corridors: a \u201cmedial supravidian\u201d and a \u201clateral supravidian,\u201d divided by the lacerum segment of the ICA, leading to the lower clivus, and to the medial aspect of the Meckel\u2019s cave and terminal part of the horizontal petrous ICA, respectively. The infravidian corridor leads medially into the sphenoid sinus. The arithmetic means of the accessible surface area of the anterolateral triangle were 45.48\u2009\u00b1\u20093.31 and 42.32\u2009\u00b1\u20092.17 mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> through transorbital approach and endonasal approach, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>SETOA can be considered a minimally invasive route complementary to the extended endoscopic endonasal approach to the anteromedial aspect of the Meckel\u2019s cave and the foramen lacerum. The lateral loop of the trigeminal nerve represents a reliable surgical landmark to localize the lacerum segment of the ICA from this corridor. Nevertheless, as any new technique, a learning curve is needed, and the clinical feasibility should be proven.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-023-05704-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]],"date-time":"2023-07-21T21:01:24Z","timestamp":1689973284000},"page":"2407-2419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The anterolateral triangle as window on the foramen lacerum from transorbital corridor: anatomical study and technical nuances"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"165","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4918-6857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Corvino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Armocida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Offi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Pennisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benedetta","family":"Burattini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andres Villareal","family":"Mondragon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felice","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi Maria","family":"Cavallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"de Notaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"5704_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opy211","volume":"16","author":"JT Alves-Belo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alves-Belo JT, Mangussi-Gomes J, Truong HQ, Cohen S, Gardner PA, Snyderman CH, Stefko ST, Wang EW, Fernandez-Miranda JC (2019) Lateral transorbital versus endonasal transpterygoid approach to the lateral recess of the sphenoid sinus-a comparative anatomic study. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 16:600\u2013606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ons\/opy211","journal-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)"},{"key":"5704_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-021-05092-8","volume":"164","author":"J Bal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bal J, Bruneau M, Berhouma M, Cornelius JF, Cavallo LM, Daniel RT, Froelich S, Jouanneau E, Meling TR, Messerer M, Roche PH, Schroeder HWS, Tatagiba M, Zazpe I, Paraskevopoulos D (2022) Management of non-vestibular schwannomas in adult patients: a systematic review and consensus statement on behalf of the EANS skull base section Part II: Trigeminal and facial nerve schwannomas (CN V, VII). Acta Neurochir (Wien) 164:299\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-021-05092-8","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"5704_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599810397285","volume":"144","author":"K Balakrishnan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Balakrishnan K, Moe KS (2011) Applications and outcomes of orbital and transorbital endoscopic surgery. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 144:815\u2013820. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0194599810397285","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"5704_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000156548.30011.d4","volume":"56","author":"LM Cavallo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cavallo LM, Cappabianca P, Galzio R, Iaconetta G, de Divitiis E, Tschabitscher M (2005) Endoscopic transnasal approach to the cavernous sinus versus transcranial route: anatomic study. Neurosurgery 56:379\u2013389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/01.neu.0000156548.30011.d4. (discussion 379-389)","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"5704_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-007-0332-7","volume":"23","author":"LM Cavallo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cavallo LM, Cappabianca P, Messina A, Esposito F, Stella L, de Divitiis E, Tschabitscher M (2007) The extended endoscopic endonasal approach to the clivus and cranio-vertebral junction: anatomical study. Childs Nerv Syst 23:665\u2013671. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00381-007-0332-7","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"5704_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e206","DOI":"10.1227\/ons.0000000000000131","volume":"22","author":"F Corrivetti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Corrivetti F, de Notaris M, Di Somma A, Dallan I, Ense\u00f1at J, Topczewski T, Solari D, Cavallo LM, Cappabianca P, Prats-Galino A (2022) \u2033Sagittal crest\u201d: definition, stepwise dissection, and clinical implications from a transorbital perspective. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 22:e206\u2013e212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/ons.0000000000000131","journal-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)"},{"key":"5704_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-023-05498-6","author":"S Corvino","year":"2023","unstructured":"Corvino S, Guizzardi G, Sacco M, Corrivetti F, Bove I, Ense\u00f1at J, Colamaria A, Prats-Galino A, Solari D, Cavallo LM, Di Somma A, de Notaris M (2023) The feasibility of three port endonasal, transorbital, and sublabial approach to the petroclival region: neurosurgical audit and multiportal anatomic quantitative investigation. Acta Neurochir (Wien). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-023-05498-6","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"5704_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-022-01926-w","volume":"46","author":"S Corvino","year":"2023","unstructured":"Corvino S, Sacco M, Somma T et al (2023) Functional and clinical outcomes after superior eyelid transorbital endoscopic approach for spheno-orbital meningiomas: illustrative case and literature review. Neurosurg Rev 46:17","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"5704_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.077","volume":"163","author":"E C\u00e1rdenas Ruiz-Valdepe\u00f1as","year":"2022","unstructured":"C\u00e1rdenas Ruiz-Valdepe\u00f1as E, Simal Juli\u00e1n JA, P\u00e9rez Prat G, Arraez MA, Ambrosiani J, Martin Schrader I, Soto Moreno A, Kaen A (2022) The quadrangular space, endonasal access to the Meckel cave: technical considerations and clinical series. World Neurosurg 163:e124\u2013e136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.03.077","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"5704_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.8.JNS16465","volume":"127","author":"I Dallan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dallan I, Di Somma A, Prats-Galino A, Solari D, Alobid I, Turri-Zanoni M, Fiacchini G, Castelnuovo P, Catapano G, de Notaris M (2017) Endoscopic transorbital route to the cavernous sinus through the meningo-orbital band: a descriptive anatomical study. J Neurosurg 127:622\u2013629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2016.8.JNS16465","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"5704_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-017-3448-x","volume":"160","author":"A Di Somma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Di Somma A, Andaluz N, Cavallo LM, Topczewski TE, Frio F, Gerardi RM, Pineda J, Solari D, Ense\u00f1at J, Prats-Galino A, Cappabianca P (2018) Endoscopic transorbital route to the petrous apex: a feasibility anatomic study. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 160:707\u2013720. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-017-3448-x","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"5704_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Di Somma A, Kong DS, de Notaris M, Moe KS, S\u00e1nchez Espa\u00f1a JC, Schwartz TH, Ense\u00f1at J (2022) Endoscopic transorbital surgery levels of difficulty. J Neurosurg 1\u20134. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2022.3.JNS212699","DOI":"10.3171\/2022.3.JNS212699"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"5704_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1680","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.24301","volume":"38","author":"RL Dolci","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dolci RL, Upadhyay S, Ditzel Filho LF, Fiore ME, Buohliqah L, Lazarini PR, Prevedello DM, Carrau RL (2016) Endoscopic endonasal study of the cavernous sinus and quadrangular space: anatomic relationships. Head Neck 38(Suppl 1):E1680-1687. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hed.24301","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"5704_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dolenc V (1989) Anatomy and Surgery of the Cavernous Sinus. 1 edn. Springer-Verlag\/Wien 1989. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-7091-6942-1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6942-1"},{"key":"5704_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.03.017","volume":"90","author":"M Ferrari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ferrari M, Schreiber A, Mattavelli D, Belotti F, Rampinelli V, Lancini D, Doglietto F, Fontanella MM, Tschabitscher M, Rodella LF, Nicolai P (2016) The inferolateral transorbital endoscopic approach: a preclinical anatomic study. World Neurosurg 90:403\u2013413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.03.017","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"5704_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e318155a492","volume":"118","author":"FS Fortes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fortes FS, Sennes LU, Carrau RL, Brito R, Ribas GC, Yasuda A, Rodrigues AJ, Snyderman CH, Kassam AB (2008) Endoscopic anatomy of the pterygopalatine fossa and the transpterygoid approach: development of a surgical instruction model. Laryngoscope 118:44\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MLG.0b013e318155a492","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"5704_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2185","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.2185","volume":"10","author":"A Granger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Granger A, Bricoune O, Rajnauth T, Kimball D, Kimball H, Tubbs RS, Loukas M (2018) Anterolateral triangle: a cadaveric study with neurosurgical significance. Cureus 10:e2185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.2185","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"5704_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199006000-00001","volume":"26","author":"T Inoue","year":"1990","unstructured":"Inoue T, Rhoton AL, Theele D, Barry ME (1990) Surgical approaches to the cavernous sinus: a microsurgical study. Neurosurgery 26:903\u2013932. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006123-199006000-00001","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"5704_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-985194","volume":"17","author":"GR Isolan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Isolan GR, Krayenb\u00fchl N, de Oliveira E, Al-Mefty O (2007) Microsurgical anatomy of the cavernous sinus: measurements of the triangles in and around it. Skull Base 17:357\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2007-985194","journal-title":"Skull Base"},{"key":"5704_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jeon C, Hong CK, Woo KI, Hong SD, Nam DH, Lee JI, Choi JW, Seol HJ, Kong DS (2018) Endoscopic transorbital surgery for Meckel's cave and middle cranial fossa tumors: surgical technique and early results. J Neurosurg 1\u201310. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2018.6.JNS181099","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.6.JNS181099"},{"key":"5704_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E4","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2005.19.5.5","volume":"19","author":"A Kassam","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kassam A, Snyderman CH, Mintz A, Gardner P, Carrau RL (2005) Expanded endonasal approach: the rostrocaudal axis. Part II. Posterior clinoids to the foramen magnum. Neurosurg Focus 19:E4","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"5704_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kassam AB, Prevedello DM, Carrau RL, Snyderman CH, Gardner P, Osawa S, Seker A, Rhoton AL (2009) The front door to meckel's cave: an anteromedial corridor via expanded endoscopic endonasal approach- technical considerations and clinical series. Neurosurgery 64:ons71\u201382; discussion ons82\u201373. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/01.NEU.0000335162.36862.54","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000335162.36862.54"},{"key":"5704_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.3171\/JNS\/2008\/108\/01\/0177","volume":"108","author":"AB Kassam","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kassam AB, Vescan AD, Carrau RL, Prevedello DM, Gardner P, Mintz AH, Snyderman CH, Rhoton AL (2008) Expanded endonasal approach: vidian canal as a landmark to the petrous internal carotid artery. J Neurosurg 108:177\u2013183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/JNS\/2008\/108\/01\/0177","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"5704_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.oa.2014-0092","volume":"54","author":"F Komatsu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Komatsu F, Oda S, Shimoda M, Imai M, Shigematsu H, Komatsu M, Tschabitscher M, Matsumae M (2014) Endoscopic endonasal approach to the middle cranial fossa through the cavernous sinus triangles: anatomical considerations. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 54:1004\u20131008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2176\/nmc.oa.2014-0092","journal-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)"},{"key":"5704_CR25","unstructured":"Kong D, Kim, Y. H., Lee, W., Kim, Y., & Hong, C. (2022) Indications and outcomes of endoscopic transorbital surgery for trigeminal schwannoma based on tumor classification: a multicenter study with 50 cases. J Neurosurg\u00a0(published online ahead of print 2022). https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/aop\/article-10.3171-2022.9.JNS22779\/article-10.3171-2022.9.JNS22779.xml"},{"key":"5704_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.3.JNS20297","volume":"134","author":"DS Kong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kong DS, Kim YH, Hong CK (2020) Optimal indications and limitations of endoscopic transorbital superior eyelid surgery for spheno-orbital meningiomas. J Neurosurg 134:1472\u20131479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2020.3.JNS20297","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"5704_CR27","first-page":"E2","volume":"19","author":"AF Krisht","year":"2005","unstructured":"Krisht AF (2005) Transcavernous approach to diseases of the anterior upper third of the posterior fossa. Neurosurg Focus 19:E2","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"5704_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000362","volume":"10","author":"MA Labib","year":"2014","unstructured":"Labib MA, Prevedello DM, Carrau R, Kerr EE, Naudy C, Abou Al-Shaar H, Corsten M, Kassam A (2014) A road map to the internal carotid artery in expanded endoscopic endonasal approaches to the ventral cranial base. Neurosurgery 10(Suppl 3):448\u2013471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000362. (discussion 471)","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"5704_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lim J, Sung KS, Kim W, Yoo J, Jung IH, Choi S, Lim SH, Roh TH, Hong CK, Moon JH (2021) Extended endoscopic transorbital approach with superior-lateral orbital rim osteotomy: cadaveric feasibility study and clinical implications (SevEN-007). J Neurosurg:1\u201314. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2021.7.JNS21996","DOI":"10.3171\/2021.7.JNS21996"},{"key":"5704_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-021-04896-y","volume":"163","author":"CB L\u00f3pez","year":"2021","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez CB, Di Somma A, Cepeda S, Arrese I, Sarabia R, Agust\u00edn JH, Topczewski TE, Ense\u00f1at J, Prats-Galino A (2021) Extradural anterior clinoidectomy through endoscopic transorbital approach: laboratory investigation for surgical perspective. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 163:2177\u20132188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-021-04896-y","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"5704_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ons16","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000373431.08464.43","volume":"67","author":"KS Moe","year":"2010","unstructured":"Moe KS, Bergeron CM, Ellenbogen RG (2010) Transorbital neuroendoscopic surgery. Neurosurgery 67:ons16-28. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/01.NEU.0000373431.08464.43","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"5704_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opy054","volume":"16","author":"R Noiphithak","year":"2019","unstructured":"Noiphithak R, Yanez-Siller JC, Revuelta Barbero JM, Otto BA, Carrau RL, Prevedello DM (2019) Comparative analysis between lateral orbital rim preservation and osteotomy for transorbital endoscopic approaches to the cavernous sinus: an anatomic study. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 16:86\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ons\/opy054","journal-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)"},{"key":"5704_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000338945.54863.D9","volume":"64","author":"S Osawa","year":"2009","unstructured":"Osawa S, Rhoton AL, Seker A, Shimizu S, Fujii K, Kassam AB (2009) Microsurgical and endoscopic anatomy of the vidian canal. Neurosurgery 64:385\u2013411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/01.NEU.0000338945.54863.D9. (discussion 411-382)","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"5704_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.06.190","volume":"118","author":"SK Palejwala","year":"2018","unstructured":"Palejwala SK, Zhao F, Lanker KC, Sivakumar W, Takasumi Y, Griffiths CF, Barkhoudarian G, Kelly DF (2018) Imaging-ambiguous lesions of Meckel\u2019s cave-utility of endoscopic endonasal transpterygoid biopsy. World Neurosurg 118:e346\u2013e355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.06.190","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"5704_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.3.JNS19492","volume":"133","author":"HH Park","year":"2020","unstructured":"Park HH, Hong SD, Kim YH, Hong CK, Woo KI, Yun IS, Kong DS (2020) Endoscopic transorbital and endonasal approach for trigeminal schwannomas: a retrospective multicenter analysis (KOSEN-005). J Neurosurg 133:467\u2013476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2019.3.JNS19492","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"5704_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3181faaa70","volume":"67","author":"DM Prevedello","year":"2010","unstructured":"Prevedello DM, Pinheiro-Neto CD, Fernandez-Miranda JC, Carrau RL, Snyderman CH, Gardner PA, Kassam AB (2010) Vidian nerve transposition for endoscopic endonasal middle fossa approaches. Neurosurgery 67:478\u2013484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3181faaa70","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"5704_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opx042","volume":"13","author":"BH Priddy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Priddy BH, Nunes CF, Beer-Furlan A, Carrau R, Dallan I, Prevedello DM (2017) A side door to Meckel\u2019s cave: anatomic feasibility study for the lateral transorbital approach. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 13:614\u2013621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ons\/opx042","journal-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)"},{"key":"5704_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E17","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.7.FOCUS14341","volume":"37","author":"SM Raza","year":"2014","unstructured":"Raza SM, Donaldson AM, Mehta A, Tsiouris AJ, Anand VK, Schwartz TH (2014) Surgical management of trigeminal schwannomas: defining the role for endoscopic endonasal approaches. Neurosurg Focus 37:E17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2014.7.FOCUS14341","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"5704_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S375","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200210001-00010","volume":"51","author":"AL Rhoton","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rhoton AL (2002) The cavernous sinus, the cavernous venous plexus, and the carotid collar. Neurosurgery 51:S375-410","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"5704_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199710000-00003","volume":"41","author":"M Samii","year":"1997","unstructured":"Samii M, Carvalho GA, Tatagiba M, Matthies C (1997) Surgical management of meningiomas originating in Meckel\u2019s cave. Neurosurgery 41:767\u2013774. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006123-199710000-00003. (discussion 774-765)","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"5704_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1995.82.5.0711","volume":"82","author":"M Samii","year":"1995","unstructured":"Samii M, Migliori MM, Tatagiba M, Babu R (1995) Surgical treatment of trigeminal schwannomas. J Neurosurg 82:711\u2013718. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1995.82.5.0711","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"5704_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2000.92.2.0235","volume":"92","author":"M Samii","year":"2000","unstructured":"Samii M, Tatagiba M, Carvalho GA (2000) Retrosigmoid intradural suprameatal approach to Meckel\u2019s cave and the middle fossa: surgical technique and outcome. J Neurosurg 92:235\u2013241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.2000.92.2.0235","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"5704_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-020-01247-w","volume":"44","author":"E Suero Molina","year":"2021","unstructured":"Suero Molina E, Revuelta Barbero JM, Ewelt C, Stummer W, Carrau RL, Prevedello DM (2021) Access to Meckel\u2019s cave for biopsies of indeterminate lesions: a systematic review. Neurosurg Rev 44:249\u2013259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10143-020-01247-w","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"5704_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tayebi Meybodi A, Little AS, Vigo V, Benet A, Kakaizada S, Lawton MT (2018) The pterygoclival ligament: a novel landmark for localization of the internal carotid artery during the endoscopic endonasal approach. J Neurosurg:1\u201311. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2017.12.JNS172435","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.12.JNS172435"},{"key":"5704_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000219238.52858.47","volume":"59","author":"RS Tubbs","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tubbs RS, Salter EG (2006) Vidius Vidius (Guido Guidi): 1509\u20131569. Neurosurgery 59:201\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/01.NEU.0000219238.52858.47. (discussion 201-203)","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"5704_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-020-01470-5","author":"A Vural","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vural A, Carobbio ALC, Ferrari M, Rampinelli V, Schreiber A, Mattavelli D, Doglietto F, Buffoli B, Rodella LF, Taboni S, Tomasoni M, Gualtieri T, Deganello A, Hirtler L, Nicolai P (2021) Transorbital endoscopic approaches to the skull base: a systematic literature review and anatomical description. Neurosurg Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10143-020-01470-5","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"5704_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang WH, Lieber S, Mathias RN, Sun X, Gardner PA, Snyderman CH, Wang EW, Fernandez-Miranda JC (2018) The foramen lacerum: surgical anatomy and relevance for endoscopic endonasal approaches. J Neurosurg:1\u201312. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2018.6.JNS181117","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.6.JNS181117"},{"key":"5704_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31821247f5","volume":"69","author":"M Wanibuchi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wanibuchi M, Murakami G, Yamashita T, Minamida Y, Fukushima T, Friedman AH, Fujimiya M, Houkin K (2011) Midsubtemporal ridge as a predictor of the lateral loop formed by the maxillary nerve and mandibular nerve: a cadaveric morphological study. Neurosurgery 69:95\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31821247f5. (discussion ons98)","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"5704_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.10072","volume":"16","author":"A Watanabe","year":"2003","unstructured":"Watanabe A, Nagaseki Y, Ohkubo S, Ohhashi Y, Horikoshi T, Nishigaya K, Nukui H (2003) Anatomical variations of the ten triangles around the cavernous sinus. Clin Anat 16:9\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ca.10072","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"5704_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000144208.42171.02","volume":"56","author":"A Yasuda","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yasuda A, Campero A, Martins C, Rhoton AL, de Oliveira E, Ribas GC (2005) Microsurgical anatomy and approaches to the cavernous sinus. Neurosurgery 56:4\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/01.neu.0000144208.42171.02. (discussion 24-27)","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"5704_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20027","volume":"119","author":"AM Zanation","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zanation AM, Snyderman CH, Carrau RL, Gardner PA, Prevedello DM, Kassam AB (2009) Endoscopic endonasal surgery for petrous apex lesions. Laryngoscope 119:19\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.20027","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"}],"container-title":["Acta Neurochirurgica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00701-023-05704-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00701-023-05704-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00701-023-05704-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T08:19:06Z","timestamp":1693815546000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00701-023-05704-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["5704"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-023-05704-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0942-0940"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0942-0940","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 February 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 June 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 July 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}