{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T03:14:29Z","timestamp":1740107669924,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690934400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012957","name":"Friedrich-Schiller-Universit\u00e4t Jena","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Neurochir"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The most frequent therapy of hydrocephalus is implantation of ventriculoperitoneal shunts for diverting cerebrospinal into the peritoneal cavity. We compared two adjustable valves, proGAV and proGAV 2.0, for complications resulting in revision surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four hundred patients undergoing primary shunt implantation between 2014 and 2020 were analyzed for overall revision rate, 1-year revision rate, and revision-free survival observing patient age, sex, etiology of hydrocephalus, implantation site, prior diversion of cerebrospinal fluid, and cause of revision.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All data were available of all 400 patients (female\/male 208\/192). Overall, 99 patients underwent revision surgery after primary implantation. proGAV valve was implanted in 283 patients, and proGAV 2.0 valves were implanted in 117 patients. There was no significant difference between the two shunt valves concerning revision rate (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.8069), 1-year revision rate (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.9077), revision-free survival (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.6921), and overall survival (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.3232). Regarding 1-year revision rate, we observed no significant difference between the two shunt valves in pediatric patients (40.7% vs 27.6%;<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.2247). Revision operation had to be performed more frequently in pediatric patients (46.6% vs 24.8%;<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0093) with a significant higher number of total revisions with proGAV than proGAV 2.0 (33 of 59 implanted shunts [55.9%] vs. 8 of 29 implanted shunts [27.6%];<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0110) most likely due to longer follow-up in the proGAV-group. For this reason, we clearly put emphasis on analyzing results regarding 1-year revision rate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>According to the target variables we analyzed, aside from lifetime revision rate in pediatric patients, there is no significant difference between the two shunt valves.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-023-05719-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T02:01:21Z","timestamp":1690941681000},"page":"2541-2549","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Retrospective comparison of long-term functionality and revision rate of two different shunt valves in pediatric and adult patients"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"165","author":[{"given":"Lewin-Caspar","family":"Busse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Dubinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Gessler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nazife","family":"Dinc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Konczalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Czabanka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Senft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas M.","family":"Freiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2563-2691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Baumgarten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"5719_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.10.108","volume":"134","author":"S Ahmadvand","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahmadvand S, Dayyani M, Etemadrezaie H, Ghorbanpour A, Zarei R, Shahriyari A, Emadzadeh M, Ganjeifar B, Zabihyan S (2020) Rate and risk factors of early ventriculoperitoneal shunt revision: a five-year retrospective analysis of a referral center. World Neurosurg 134:e505\u2013e511","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"5719_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8454-3-9","volume":"3","author":"DM Allin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Allin DM, Czosnyka ZH, Czosnyka M, Richards HK, Pickard JD (2006) In vitro hydrodynamic properties of the Miethke ProGAV hydrocephalus shunt. Cerebrospinal Fluid Res 3:9","journal-title":"Cerebrospinal Fluid Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"5719_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.17712\/nsj.2020.5.20200038","volume":"25","author":"IS Altwejri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Altwejri IS, Alraddadi KK, Alsager GA, Abobotain AH, Al Abdulsalam HK, Alqazlan SM, Almujaiwel NA (2020) Patterns and prognosis of ventriculoperitoneal shunt malfunction among pediatrics in Saudi Arabia. Neurosciences 25(5):356\u2013361","journal-title":"Neurosciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"5719_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.8.JNS17399","volume":"130","author":"IA Anderson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Anderson IA, Saukila LF, Robins JMW, Akhunbay-Fudge CY, Goodden JR, Tyagi AK, Phillips N, Chumas PD (2019) Factors associated with 30-day ventriculoperitoneal shunt failure in pediatric and adult patients. J Neurosurg 130(1):145\u2013153","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"8","key":"5719_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-016-3090-6","volume":"32","author":"SC Bir","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bir SC, Konar S, Maiti TK, Kalakoti P, Bollam P, Nanda A (2016) Outcome of ventriculoperitoneal shunt and predictors of shunt revision in infants with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Child\u2019s Nerv Syst 32(8):1405\u20131414","journal-title":"Child\u2019s Nerv Syst"},{"key":"5719_CR6","unstructured":"Bober J, Rochlin J, Marneni S (2016) Ventriculoperitoneal shunt complications in children: an evidence-based approach to emergency department management. Pediatr Emerg Med Pract 13"},{"issue":"1","key":"5719_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.1.PEDS17537","volume":"22","author":"HC Bock","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bock HC, Feldmann J, Ludwig HC (2018) Early surgical management and long-term surgical outcome for intraventricular hemorrhage-related posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in shunt-treated premature infants. J Neurosurg Pediatr 22(1):61\u201367","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"5719_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2005.05.020","volume":"34","author":"SR Browd","year":"2006","unstructured":"Browd SR, Ragel BT, Gottfried ON, Kestle JRW (2006) Failure of cerebrospinal fluid shunts: part I: obstruction and mechanical failure. Pediatr Neurol 34(2):83\u201392","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"5719_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00381-022-05490-Y","author":"E Brunner","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brunner E, Schaumann A, Pennacchietti V, Schulz M, Thomale U (2022) Retrospective single-center historical comparative study between proGAV and proGAV2.0 for surgical revision and implant duration. Child\u2019s Nerv Syst. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00381-022-05490-Y","journal-title":"Child\u2019s Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"5719_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199808000-00068","volume":"43","author":"JM Drake","year":"1998","unstructured":"Drake JM, Kestle JRW, Milner R et al (1998) Randomized trial of cerebrospinal fluid shunt valve design in pediatric hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery 43(2):294\u2013305","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"12","key":"5719_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.13709","volume":"60","author":"A Erps","year":"2018","unstructured":"Erps A, Roth J, Constantini S, Lerner-Geva L, Grisaru-Soen G (2018) Risk factors and epidemiology of pediatric ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection. Pediatr Int 60(12):1056\u20131061","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"5719_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.01.040","volume":"137","author":"DL Greener","year":"2020","unstructured":"Greener DL, Akarca D, Durnford AJ, Ewbank F, Buckland GR, Hempenstall J (2020) Idiopathic intracranial hypertension: shunt failure and the role of obesity. World Neurosurg 137:e83\u2013e88","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"5719_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.7.PEDS20111","volume":"27","author":"JS Hauptman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hauptman JS, Kestle J, Riva-Cambrin J et al (2020) Predictors of fast and ultrafast shunt failure in pediatric hydrocephalus: a Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network study. J Neurosurg Pediatr 27(3):277\u2013286","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"5719_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-020-00823-y","volume":"12","author":"R Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu R, Zhang C, Xia J, Ge H, Zhong J, Fang X, Zou Y, Lan C, Li L, Feng H (2021) Long-term outcomes and risk factors related to hydrocephalus after intracerebral hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res 12(1):31\u201338","journal-title":"Transl Stroke Res"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"5719_CR15","first-page":"82","volume":"24","author":"M Hussain","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hussain M, Raja RA, Shaikh A ud D, Ali MH (2012) Ventriculoperitoneal shunt blockage. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 24(3\u20134):82\u201384","journal-title":"J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad"},{"key":"5719_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2015.07.026","volume":"27","author":"KJ Jeremiah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jeremiah KJ, Cherry CL, Wan KR, Toy JA, Wolfe R, Danks RA (2016) Choice of valve type and poor ventricular catheter placement: modifiable factors associated with ventriculoperitoneal shunt failure. J Clin Neurosci 27:95\u201398","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"5719_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevBiomedEng.2016017149","volume":"44","author":"J Jorgensen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jorgensen J, Williams C, Sarang-Sieminski A (2016) Hydrocephalus and ventriculoperitoneal shunts: modes of failure and opportunities for improvement. Crit Rev Biomed Eng 44(1\u20132):91\u201397","journal-title":"Crit Rev Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"5719_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-019-04083-0","volume":"162","author":"S Kaestner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kaestner S, Poetschke M, Kehler U, Antes S, Krause M, Deinsberger W (2020) Revision surgery following CSF shunt insertion: how often could it be avoided? Acta Neurochir (Wien) 162(1):9\u201314","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"issue":"5","key":"5719_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1159\/000055960","volume":"33","author":"J Kestle","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kestle J, Drake J, Milner R et al (2000) Long-term follow-up data from the Shunt Design Trial. Pediatr Neurosurg 33(5):230\u2013236","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg"},{"key":"5719_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00701-019-04135-5","author":"D Krahulik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Krahulik D, Vaverka M, Hrabalek L, Hampl M, Halaj M, Jablonsky J, Langova K (2020) Ventriculoperitoneal shunt in treating of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus-single-center study. Acta Neurochir (Wien). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00701-019-04135-5","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"issue":"6","key":"5719_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s003810050223","volume":"14","author":"JA Lazareff","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lazareff JA, Peacock W, Holly L, Ver Halen J, Wong A, Olmstead C (1998) Multiple shunt failures: an analysis of relevant factors. Childs Nerv Syst 14(6):271\u2013275","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"10","key":"5719_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2475","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-020-04299-5","volume":"162","author":"TN Munch","year":"2020","unstructured":"Munch TN, G\u00f8rtz S, Hauerberg J, Wohlfahrt J, Melbye M (2020) Prognosis regarding shunt revision and mortality among hydrocephalus patients below the age of 2 years and the association to patient-related risk factors. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 162(10):2475\u20132485","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"issue":"5","key":"5719_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.1.PEDS12425","volume":"11","author":"RP Naftel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Naftel RP, Safiano NA, Falola M, Blount JP, Oakes WJ, Wellons JC (2013) The association between race and frequent shunt failure: a single-center study. J Neurosurg Pediatr 11(5):552\u2013557","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"key":"5719_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.12.125","volume":"124","author":"E Orrego-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Orrego-Gonz\u00e1lez E, Enriquez-Marulanda A, Ravindran K, Celin-Varcalcel D, Parrado-S\u00e1nchez L, Lobato-Polo J (2019) Factors associated with ventriculoperitoneal shunt failures in the first 30 postoperative days in pediatric patients. World Neurosurg 124:e517\u2013e526","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"5719_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-010-0393-4","volume":"103","author":"GK Reddy","year":"2011","unstructured":"Reddy GK, Bollam P, Caldito G, Willis B, Guthikonda B, Nanda A (2011) Ventriculoperitoneal shunt complications in hydrocephalus patients with intracranial tumors: an analysis of relevant risk factors. J Neurooncol 103(2):333\u2013342","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5719_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1159\/000120587","volume":"17","author":"HL Rekate","year":"1991","unstructured":"Rekate HL (1991) Shunt revision: complications and their prevention. Pediatr Neurosurg 17(3):155\u2013162","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"5719_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.6.PEDS14670","volume":"17","author":"J Riva-Cambrin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Riva-Cambrin J, Kestle JRW, Holubkov R et al (2016) Risk factors for shunt malfunction in pediatric hydrocephalus: a multicenter prospective cohort study. J Neurosurg Pediatr 17(4):382\u2013390","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"12","key":"5719_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-012-1830-9","volume":"28","author":"CN Shannon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shannon CN, Acakpo-Satchivi L, Kirby RS, Franklin FA, Wellons JC (2012) Ventriculoperitoneal shunt failure: an institutional review of 2-year survival rates. Childs Nerv Syst 28(12):2093\u20132099","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"5719_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.10.PEDS11307","volume":"9","author":"TD Simon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Simon TD, Whitlock KB, Riva-Cambrin J, Kestle JRW, Rosenfeld M, Dean JM, Holubkov R, Langley M, Mayer-Hamblett N (2012) Association of intraventricular hemorrhage secondary to prematurity with cerebrospinal fluid shunt surgery in the first year following initial shunt placement. J Neurosurg Pediatr 9(1):54\u201363","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"5719_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000365272.77634.6B","volume":"66","author":"C Sprung","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sprung C, Schlosser HG, Lemcke J et al (2010) The adjustable proGAV shunt: a prospective safety and reliability multicenter study. Neurosurgery 66(3):465\u2013474","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"5719_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.02.030","volume":"101","author":"J Tervonen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tervonen J, Leinonen V, J\u00e4\u00e4skel\u00e4inen JE, Koponen S, Huttunen TJ (2017) Rate and risk factors for shunt revision in pediatric patients with hydrocephalus\u2014a population-based study. World Neurosurg 101:615\u2013622","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"5719_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s003810050335","volume":"15","author":"S Tuli","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tuli S, Drake JM (1999) Multiple shunt failures: an analysis of relevant features. Childs Nerv Syst 15(2\u20133):79","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"5719_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2000.92.1.0031","volume":"92","author":"S Tuli","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tuli S, Drake J, Lawless J, Wigg M, Lamberti-Pasculli M (2000) Risk factors for repeated cerebrospinal shunt failures in pediatric patients with hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg 92(1):31\u201338","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"8","key":"5719_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmg.2014.06.002","volume":"57","author":"HM Tully","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tully HM, Dobyns WB (2014) Infantile hydrocephalus: a review of epidemiology, classification and causes. Eur J Med Genet 57(8):359\u2013368","journal-title":"Eur J Med Genet"},{"issue":"11","key":"5719_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-015-2865-5","volume":"31","author":"JY Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang JY, Jackson EM, Jallo GI, Ahn ES (2015) Shunt revision requirements after posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus of prematurity: insight into the time course of shunt dependency. Child\u2019s Nerv Syst 31(11):2123\u20132130","journal-title":"Child\u2019s Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"5719_CR36","first-page":"358","volume":"102","author":"BC Warf","year":"2005","unstructured":"Warf BC (2005) Comparison of 1-year outcomes for the Chhabra and Codman-Hakim Micro Precision shunt systems in Uganda: a prospective study in 195 children. J Neurosurg 102(4 Suppl):358\u2013362","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"5719_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2012.01.041","volume":"20","author":"SM Yamada","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yamada SM, Kitagawa R, Teramoto A (2013) Relationship of the location of the ventricular catheter tip and function of the ventriculoperitoneal shunt. J Clin Neurosci 20(1):99\u2013101","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"}],"container-title":["Acta Neurochirurgica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00701-023-05719-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00701-023-05719-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00701-023-05719-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T08:23:48Z","timestamp":1702887828000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00701-023-05719-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["5719"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-023-05719-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0942-0940"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"0942-0940"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 April 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 August 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the local ethics committee of the Goethe University of Frankfurt, EC number 20\u2013995, accepted December 28th, 2020.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval\/consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}