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The lesion type, size, mass effect, and evolution (progression on the follow-up CT) were assessed and analyzed in relation to the percentage of secondary insults with intracranial pressure\u2009&gt;\u200920\u00a0mmHg, cerebral perfusion pressure\u2009&lt;\u200960\u00a0mmHg, and cerebral pressure autoregulatory status (PRx) and in relation to Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A larger epidural hematoma (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and acute subdural hematoma (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) volume, greater midline shift (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and compressed basal cisterns (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) correlated with craniotomy surgery. In multiple regressions, presence of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and intracranial hemorrhage progression on the follow-up CT (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) were associated with more intracranial pressure-insults above 20\u00a0mmHg. In similar regressions, obliterated basal cisterns (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) were independently associated with higher PRx. In a multiple regression, greater acute subdural hematoma (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and contusion (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) volume, presence of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), and obliterated basal cisterns (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) were independently associated with a lower rate of favorable outcome.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The intracranial lesion type, size, mass effect, and evolution were associated with the clinical course, cerebral pathophysiology, and outcome following TBI. Future efforts should integrate such granular data into more sophisticated machine learning models to aid the clinician to better anticipate emerging secondary insults and to predict clinical outcome.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-023-05743-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,8]],"date-time":"2023-08-08T07:02:16Z","timestamp":1691478136000},"page":"2389-2398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Intracranial lesion features in moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury: relation to neurointensive care variables and clinical outcome"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"165","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4556-5721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teodor","family":"Svedung Wettervik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"H\u00e5nell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Enblad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Lew\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"5743_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E14","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.8.Focus17431","volume":"43","author":"F Al-Mufti","year":"2017","unstructured":"Al-Mufti F, Amuluru K, Changa A, Lander M, Patel N, Wajswol E, Al-Marsoummi S, Alzubaidi B, Singh IP, Nuoman R, Gandhi C (2017) Traumatic brain injury and intracranial hemorrhage-induced cerebral vasospasm: a systematic review. 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