{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T02:44:02Z","timestamp":1780368242931,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Neurochir"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-023-05830-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T06:01:41Z","timestamp":1700028101000},"page":"4131-4142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage and residual tumors in endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma: risk analysis and nomogram development"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"165","author":[{"given":"Bin","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gemingtian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixu","family":"Bie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8064-5049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pinan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"5830_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E10","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.3.FOCUS2080","volume":"48","author":"T Cardinal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cardinal T, Rutkowski MJ, Micko A, Shiroishi M, Jason Liu CS, Wrobel B, Carmichael J, Zada G (2020) Impact of tumor characteristics and pre- and postoperative hormone levels on hormonal remission following endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery in patients with acromegaly. Neurosurg Focus 48:E10","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"5830_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793337","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.793337","volume":"12","author":"Y Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen Y, Cai F, Cao J, Gao F, Lv Y, Tang Y, Zhang A, Yan W, Wang Y, Hu X, Chen S, Dong X, Zhang J, Wu Q (2021) Analysis of related factors of tumor recurrence or progression after transnasal sphenoidal surgical treatment of large and giant pituitary adenomas and establish a nomogram to predict tumor prognosis. Front Endocrinol 12:793337 (Lausanne)","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"5830_CR3","first-page":"e919565","volume":"26","author":"XY Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen XY, Ding CY, You HH, Chen JY, Jiang CZ, Yan XR, Lin ZY, Kang DZ (2020) Relationship between pituitary adenoma consistency and extent of resection based on tumor\/cerebellar peduncle T2-weighted imaging intensity (TCTI) ratio of the point on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) corresponding to the residual point on postoperative MRI. Med Sci Monit 26:e919565","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"5830_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879702","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.879702","volume":"13","author":"Y Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen Y, Xu X, Cao J, Jie Y, Wang L, Cai F, Chen S, Yan W, Hong Y, Zhang J, Wu Q (2022) Transsphenoidal surgery of giant pituitary adenoma: results and experience of 239 cases in a single center. Front Endocrinol 13:879702 (Lausanne)","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"5830_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3603","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13143603","volume":"13","author":"S Chibbaro","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chibbaro S, Signorelli F, Milani D, Cebula H, Scibilia A, Bozzi MT, Messina R, Zaed I, Todeschi J, Ollivier I, Mallereau CH, Dannhoff G, Romano A, Cammarota F, Servadei F, Pop R, Baloglu S, Lasio GB, Luca F, Goichot B, Proust F, Ganau M (2021) Primary endoscopic endonasal management of giant pituitary adenomas: outcome and pitfalls from a large prospective multicenter experience. Cancers 13:3603 (Basel)","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"5830_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2933","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-020-01469-y","volume":"44","author":"W Ding","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ding W, Huang Z, Zhou G, Li L, Zhang M, Li Z (2021) Diffusion-weighted imaging for predicting tumor consistency and extent of resection in patients with pituitary adenoma. Neurosurg Rev 44:2933\u20132941","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"5830_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.08.004","volume":"132","author":"N Fallah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fallah N, Taghvaei M, Sadaghiani S, Sadrhosseini SM, Esfahanian F, Zeinalizadeh M (2019) Surgical outcome of endoscopic endonasal surgery of large and giant pituitary adenomas: an institutional experience from the Middle East. World Neurosurg 132:e802\u2013e811","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"5830_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.4.JNS20178","volume":"134","author":"RG Juthani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Juthani RG, Reiner AS, Patel AR, Cowan A, Roguski M, Panageas KS, Geer EB, Karimi S, Cohen MA, Tabar V (2020) Radiographic and clinical outcomes using intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging for transsphenoidal resection of pituitary adenomas. J Neurosurg 134:1824\u20131835","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"5830_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knosp E, Steiner E, Kitz K, Matula C (1993) Pituitary adenomas with invasion of the cavernous sinus space: a magnetic resonance imaging classification compared with surgical findings. Neurosurgery 33:610\u20137; discussion 617\u20138","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199310000-00008"},{"key":"5830_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5660","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060519875857","volume":"47","author":"CY Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee CY, Chen YC, Wang YP, Chen SJ (2019) Difference in the incidence of cerebrospinal fluid leakage and residual tumors between functional and nonfunctional pituitary adenomas treated by endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary adenomectomy. J Int Med Res 47:5660\u20135670","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"5830_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2016.59.6.577","volume":"59","author":"SH Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee SH, Park JS, Lee S, Kim SW, Hong YK (2016) Parasellar extension grades and surgical extent in endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas\u202f: a single surgeon\u2019s consecutive series with the aspects of reliability and clinical validity. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 59:577\u2013583","journal-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc"},{"key":"5830_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1740621","volume":"83","author":"PP Mattogno","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mattogno PP, Caccavella VM, Giordano M, D\u2019Alessandris QG, Chiloiro S, Tariciotti L, Olivi A, Lauretti L (2022) Interpretable machine learning-based prediction of intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage in endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery: a pilot study. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 83:485\u2013495","journal-title":"J Neurol Surg B Skull Base"},{"key":"5830_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.3171\/2021.1.JNS203982","volume":"136","author":"A Micko","year":"2021","unstructured":"Micko A, Agam MS, Brunswick A, Strickland BA, Rutkowski MJ, Carmichael JD, Shiroishi MS, Zada G, Knosp E, Wolfsberger S (2021) Treatment strategies for giant pituitary adenomas in the era of endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery: a multicenter series. J Neurosurg 136:776\u2013785","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"5830_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.08.070","volume":"167","author":"BK Patel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Patel BK, Binu A, Stanley A, Shah SK, Darshan HR, George T, Easwer HV, Nair P (2022) Large pituitary adenoma: strategies to maximize volumetric resection using endoscopic endonasal approaches and an analysis of factors limiting resection. World Neurosurg 167:e694\u2013e704","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"5830_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000000428","volume":"25","author":"Z Qiuhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Qiuhang Z, Hongchuan G, Feng K, Ge C, Jiantao L, Mingchu L, Yuhai B, Feng L (2014) Resection of the intracavernous sinus tumors using a purely endoscopic endonasal approach. J Craniofac Surg 25:295\u2013302","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"5830_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.4.JNS193288","volume":"134","author":"MJ Rutkowski","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rutkowski MJ, Chang KE, Cardinal T, Du R, Tafreshi AR, Donoho DA, Brunswick A, Micko A, Liu CJ, Shiroishi MS, Carmichael JD, Zada G (2020) Development and clinical validation of a grading system for pituitary adenoma consistency. J Neurosurg 134:1800\u20131807","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"5830_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-018-0949-x","volume":"41","author":"P Schuss","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schuss P, Hadjiathanasiou A, Klingm\u00fcller D, G\u00fcresir \u00c1, Vatter H, G\u00fcresir E (2018) Transsphenoidal pituitary surgery: comparison of two sellar reconstruction techniques and their effect on postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Neurosurg Rev 41:1053\u20131058","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"5830_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-018-3690-x","volume":"160","author":"C Serra","year":"2018","unstructured":"Serra C, Staartjes VE, Maldaner N, Muscas G, Akeret K, Holzmann D, Soyka MB, Schmid C, Regli L (2018) Predicting extent of resection in transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma. Acta Neurochir 160:2255\u20132262 (Wien)","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"key":"5830_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489.2013.857785","volume":"134","author":"Y Song","year":"2014","unstructured":"Song Y, Li H, Liu H, Li W, Zhang X, Guo L, Tan G (2014) Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach for sellar tumors beyond the sellar turcica. Acta Otolaryngol 134:326\u2013330","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"5830_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-022-01732-4","volume":"45","author":"S Song","year":"2022","unstructured":"Song S, Wang L, Qi Q, Wang H, Feng L (2022) Endoscopic vs. microscopic transsphenoidal surgery outcomes in 514 nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma cases. Neurosurg Rev 45:2375\u20132383","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"5830_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E12","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.8.FOCUS18243","volume":"45","author":"VE Staartjes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Staartjes VE, Serra C, Muscas G, Maldaner N, Akeret K, van Niftrik CHB, Fierstra J, Holzmann D, Regli L (2018) Utility of deep neural networks in predicting gross-total resection after transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma: a pilot study. Neurosurg Focus 45:E12","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"5830_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-021-01147-2","volume":"24","author":"VE Staartjes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Staartjes VE, Togni-Pogliorini A, Stumpo V, Serra C, Regli L (2021) Impact of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging on gross total resection, extent of resection, and residual tumor volume in pituitary surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis. Pituitary 24:644\u2013656","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"2","key":"5830_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.4.JNS19477","volume":"133","author":"VE Staartjes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Staartjes VE, Zattra CM, Akeret K, Maldaner N, Muscas G, Bas van Niftrik CH, Fierstra J, Regli L, Serra C (2020) Neural network\u2013based identification of patients at high risk for intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks in endoscopic pituitary surgery. Journal of Neurosurgery JNS 133(2):329\u2013335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2019.4.JNS19477","journal-title":"Journal of Neurosurgery JNS"},{"key":"5830_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-016-0746-x","volume":"19","author":"K Takeuchi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Takeuchi K, Watanabe T, Nagatani T, Nagata Y, Chu J, Wakabayashi T (2016) Incidence and risk factors of subdural hematoma after intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage during the transsphenoidal approach. Pituitary 19:565\u2013572","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"5830_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-020-01877-z","volume":"20","author":"J Tan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tan J, Song R, Huan R, Huang N, Chen J (2020) Intraoperative lumbar drainage can prevent cerebrospinal fluid leakage during transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Neurol 20:303","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"5830_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-021-01167-y","volume":"24","author":"JD Thakur","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thakur JD, Corlin A, Mallari RJ, Yawitz S, Eisenberg A, Sivakumar W, Griffiths C, Carrau RL, Rettinger S, Cohan P, Krauss H, Araque KA, Barkhoudarian G, Kelly DF (2021) Complication avoidance protocols in endoscopic pituitary adenoma surgery: a retrospective cohort study in 514 patients. Pituitary 24:930\u2013942","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"5830_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.07.018","volume":"154","author":"A Torres","year":"2021","unstructured":"Torres A, Sanmillan JL, Lau R, Gabarros A (2021) Final outcome in growth hormone-secreting adenomas after combination of maximal tumor resection and medical treatment. World Neurosurg 154:e292\u2013e301","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"5830_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000001226","volume":"26","author":"S Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang S, Xiao D, Wang R, Wei L, Hong J (2015) Repeated transsphenoidal surgery for resection of pituitary adenoma. J Craniofac Surg 26:452\u2013455","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"5830_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1984.61.5.0814","volume":"61","author":"CB Wilson","year":"1984","unstructured":"Wilson CB (1984) A decade of pituitary microsurgery. The Herbert Olivecrona lecture. J Neurosurg 61:814\u2013833","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"5830_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-020-01404-1","volume":"44","author":"X Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu X, Xie SH, Tang B, Yang YQ, Yang L, Ding H, Bao YY, Lan SH, Zhou L, Hong T (2021) Pituitary adenoma with posterior area invasion of cavernous sinus: surgical anatomy, approach, and outcomes. Neurosurg Rev 44(4):2229\u20132237","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"5830_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-020-01404-1","volume":"44","author":"X Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu X, Xie SH, Tang B, Yang YQ, Yang L, Ding H, Bao YY, Lan SH, Zhou L, Hong T (2021) Pituitary adenoma with posterior area invasion of cavernous sinus: surgical anatomy, approach, and outcomes. Neurosurg Rev 44(4):2229\u20132237","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"5830_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956345","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.956345","volume":"9","author":"J Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu J, Zhang B, Shao D, Ji S, Li Y, Xie S, Jiang Z (2022) Analysis of neuroendoscopy for the treatment of macroadenomas and giant pituitary adenomas. Front Surg 9:956345","journal-title":"Front Surg"},{"key":"5830_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.12.068","volume":"99","author":"S Yano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yano S, Hide T, Shinojima N (2017) Efficacy and complications of endoscopic skull base surgery for giant pituitary adenomas. World Neurosurg 99:533\u2013542","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"5830_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2015.08.035","volume":"84","author":"R Zhan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhan R, Ma Z, Wang D, Li X (2015) Pure endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach for nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas in the elderly: surgical outcomes and complications in 158 patients. World Neurosurg 84:1572\u20131578","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"5830_CR35","first-page":"5213744","volume":"2022","author":"J Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang J, Liu J, Huang L (2022) Factors influencing cerebrospinal fluid leaking following pituitary adenoma transsphenoidal surgery: a meta-analysis and comprehensive review. Biomed Res Int 2022:5213744","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"5830_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e19855","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000019855","volume":"99","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Chen DM, Wang Y, Mai RK, Zhu ZF (2020) Surgical management of growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas: a retrospective analysis of 33 patients. Medicine 99:e19855 (Baltimore)","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"5830_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000008962","volume":"34","author":"L Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou L, Wang B, Ye L, Gao P, Cheng H (2023) Continuous dural suturing for the closure of grade 1 to 2 cerebrospinal fluid leakage after pituitary adenoma removal using an endoscopic endonasal approach. J Craniofac Surg 34:629\u2013632","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"5830_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.01.119","volume":"101","author":"Q Zhou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhou Q, Yang Z, Wang X, Wang Z, Zhao C, Zhang S, Li P, Li S, Liu P (2017) Risk factors and management of intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks in endoscopic treatment of pituitary adenoma: analysis of 492 patients. World Neurosurg 101:390\u2013395","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"5830_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-021-02440-0","volume":"21","author":"Z Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou Z, Zuo F, Chen X, Zhao Q, Luo M, Jiang X, Duan Y (2021) Risk factors for postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage after transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma: a meta-analysis and systematic review. BMC Neurol 21:417","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"}],"container-title":["Acta Neurochirurgica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00701-023-05830-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00701-023-05830-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00701-023-05830-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]],"date-time":"2023-12-21T14:23:57Z","timestamp":1703168637000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00701-023-05830-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5830"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-023-05830-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0942-0940"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0942-0940","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 May 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 September 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 November 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the ethics committee of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}