{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T02:40:38Z","timestamp":1784601638410,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,10]],"date-time":"2024-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707523200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,10]],"date-time":"2024-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Neurochir"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The classical Wada test (cWada), performed by injecting a short-acting anesthetic through the intracarotid route, helps determine language dominance. In the cWada, adverse effects are observed in 10\u201330% of trials, hindering accurate assessments. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of the super-selective Wada test (ssWada), a more selective approach for anesthetic infusion into the middle cerebral artery (MCA).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We retrospectively examined the data of 17 patients with epilepsy who underwent ssWada via anesthetic injection into one M1 segment of the MCA and at least one contralateral trial.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The ssWada identified 12 patients with left language dominance, 3 with right language dominance, and 2 with bilateral language distribution. Nine trials on the language\u00a0dominant side resulted in global aphasia for patients with left- or right language dominance. Of the 13 trials conducted on the non-dominant language side, 12 revealed intact language function and one resulted in confusion. Among these, the outcomes of global aphasia or no language impairment were confirmed in the contralateral trials. Among the 22 trials of unilateral M1 injections in patients with unilateral language dominance, 21 (95.5%) showed either global aphasia or no language impairment, indicating language dominance.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The ssWada yields clear results, with a high rate of over 90% in determining the language\u00a0dominant hemisphere with few side effects.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-024-05957-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,10]],"date-time":"2024-02-10T07:02:09Z","timestamp":1707548529000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Assessment of language lateralization in epilepsy patients using the super-selective Wada test"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"166","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8284-2628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuo","family":"Kakinuma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin-ichiro","family":"Osawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6161-6971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuto","family":"Katsuse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Hosokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazushi","family":"Ukishiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5477-6478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazutaka","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9282-6499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuniyasu","family":"Niizuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3411-2900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teiji","family":"Tominaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1472-6032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hidenori","family":"Endo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8164-4171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nobukazu","family":"Nakasato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8380-1561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyoko","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"5957_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2010.10.048","volume":"75","author":"M Fujii","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fujii M, Miyachi S, Matsubara N, Kinkori T, Takebayashi S, Izumi T, Ohshima T, Tsurumi A, Hososhima O, Wakabayashi T, Yoshida J (2011) Selective propofol injection into the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery (MCA Wada test) reduces adverse effects and enhances the reliability of the Wada test for determining speech dominance. 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The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine (2020\u20131\u2013083).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all patients to include their medical information in this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all patients to publish their information and images.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Parts of the results from this paper were previously presented as an oral presentation, \u201cSuperiority of Super-Selective Wada Test over Classical Wada Test: Correspondence between the Dominant Hemisphere and Language Symptoms,\u201d at the INS 2023 Taiwan meeting, and were published as an abstract. This manuscript has not been published elsewhere and is not under consideration for publication by any other journal.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Previous presentations"}},{"value":"None.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest\/Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"77"}}