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This study aimed to determine the risk factors predisposing patients to PNM following surgery for low- and high-grade gliomas.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective analysis encompassing all patients who underwent glioma surgery involving craniotomy at Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland, between 2011 and 2018. Inclusion criteria for PNM were defined as follows: (1) Positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture, (2) CSF leukocyte count\u2009\u2265\u2009250\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\/L with granulocyte percentage\u2009\u2265\u200950%, or (3) CSF lactate concentration\u2009\u2265\u20094\u00a0mmol\/L, detected after glioma surgery. Glioma grades 3\u20134 were classified as high-grade (n\u2009=\u2009261), while grades 1\u20132 were designated as low-grade (n\u2009=\u200984).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Among the 345 patients included in this study, PNM developed in 7% (n\u2009=\u200925) of cases. The median time interval between glioma surgery and diagnosis of PNM was 12\u00a0days. Positive CSF cultures were observed in 7 (28%) PNM cases, with identified pathogens encompassing <jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic> (3), <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (2), <jats:italic>Enterobacter cloacae<\/jats:italic> (1), and <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> (1). The PNM group exhibited a higher incidence of reoperations (52% vs. 18%, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and revision surgery (40% vs. 6%, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) in comparison to patients without PNM. Multivariable analysis revealed that reoperation (OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.04\u20136.67) and revision surgery (OR 7.08, 95% CI 2.55\u201319.70) were significantly associated with PNM, while glioma grade (high-grade vs. low-grade glioma, OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.30\u20132.22) showed no significant association.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The PNM rate following glioma surgery was 7%. Patients requiring reoperation and revision surgery were at elevated risk for PNM. Glioma grade did not exhibit a direct link with PNM; however, the presence of low-grade gliomas may indirectly heighten the PNM risk through an increased likelihood of future reoperations. These findings underscore the importance of meticulous post-operative care and infection prevention measures in glioma surgeries.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-024-06193-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T14:02:31Z","timestamp":1721311351000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Glioma grade and post-neurosurgical meningitis risk"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"166","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8479-9096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sakke","family":"Niemel\u00e4","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3331-997X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jarmo","family":"Oksi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1945-4008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jussi","family":"Jero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7278-6511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliisa","family":"L\u00f6yttyniemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1290-1653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa","family":"Rahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9255-733X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaakko","family":"Rinne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5925-5193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jussi P.","family":"Posti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5604-936X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan","family":"Laukka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"6193_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-009-9826-3","volume":"93","author":"MK Aghi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Aghi MK, Batchelor TT, Louis DN, Barker FG, Curry WT (2009) Decreased rate of infection in glioblastoma patients with allelic loss of chromosome 10q. 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