{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:35:41Z","timestamp":1791203741450,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727222400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011852","name":"Paracelsus Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011852","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Neurochir"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The reimplantation of autologous bone grafts after decompressive craniectomy (DC) is still up for debate. The objective of this study was to analyze the surgical revision rate for autologous cranioplasties in our center, aiming to identify predictors for procedure-related-complications.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A retrospective single-center study was conducted for adult patients who underwent autologous cranioplasty after DC. The primary endpoint was the complication rate in terms of surgical revision and removal of the bone graft: infection, new onset seizures, dislocation, haemorrhage, osteolysis, wound dehiscence and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula. Demographic data, medical records, surgical reports and imaging studies were analysed and risk factors for complications were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>169 consecutive patients were included. The median interval between DC and cranioplasty was 84 days. Mean age was 51\u2009\u00b1\u200912.4 years. 26 patients (15.3%) had revision surgery for following reasons. <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099 implant dislocations (5.3%), <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097 osteolysis (3.6%), <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096 infections (3.6%), <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095 had re-bleedings (3%), <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095 wound dehiscences (3%), and <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092 CSF fistulas (1.2%). 18 patients developed new seizures (10.7%). Bi- and multivariate analysis revealed three independent risk factors, simultaneous ventriculo-peritoneal (VP) shunting increased the risk for material dislocation (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001); large bone grafts (&gt;\u2009193.5 cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) increased the risk for osteolysis (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001) and bifrontal cranioplasties were associated with higher risk for infections (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The complication rates in our study were comparable to previously reported data for autologous or artificial cranioplasties. As osteolysis was correlated to larger bone grafts, a synthetic alternative should be considered in selected cases.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-024-06282-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T20:40:10Z","timestamp":1727296810000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Complication rates after autologous cranioplasty following decompressive craniectomy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"166","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2673-1979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonard","family":"Ritter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kilian","family":"Strohh\u00e4cker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl-Michael","family":"Schebesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Eibl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julius","family":"H\u00f6hne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Liebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"6282_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.09.120","volume":"133","author":"A Alkhaibary","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alkhaibary A, Alharbi A, Abbas M et al (2020) Predictors of Surgical Site Infection in Autologous Cranioplasty: A Retrospective Analysis of Subcutaneously Preserved Bone Flaps in Abdominal Pockets. World Neurosurg 133:e627\u2013e632. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.09.120","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"5","key":"6282_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e39516","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.39516","volume":"15","author":"H Capitelli-McMahon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Capitelli-McMahon H, Kahlar N, Rahman S (2023) Titanium Versus Autologous Bone-Based Cranioplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus 15(5):e39516. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.39516","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"6282_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bas.2023.101760","volume":"3","author":"T Cerveau","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cerveau T, Rossmann T, Clusmann H, Veldeman M (2023) Infection-related failure of autologous versus allogenic cranioplasty after decompressive hemicraniectomy - A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Spine 3:101760. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bas.2023.101760","journal-title":"Brain Spine"},{"issue":"5","key":"6282_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8","volume":"40","author":"ME Charlson","year":"1987","unstructured":"Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie CR (1987) A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis 40(5):373\u2013383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"6282_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2011.2116","volume":"29","author":"P De Bonis","year":"2012","unstructured":"De Bonis P, Frassanito P, Mangiola A, Nucci CG, Anile C, Pompucci A (2012) Cranial repair: how complicated is filling a \u201chole\u201d? J Neurotrauma 29(6):1071\u20131076. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2011.2116","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"6282_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.10.124","volume":"181","author":"A Di Rienzo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Di Rienzo A, Colasanti R, Dobran M et al (2024) Bone Flap Resorption After Cranioplasty: Risk Factors and Proposal of the Flap Integrity Score. World Neurosurg 181:e758\u2013e775. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.10.124","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"6282_CR7","volume-title":"American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification","author":"DJ Doyle","year":"2024","unstructured":"Doyle DJ, Hendrix JM, Garmon EH (2024) American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification. StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL)"},{"issue":"12","key":"6282_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3075","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-022-05251-5","volume":"164","author":"JVE Gerstl","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gerstl JVE, Rendon LF, Burke SM, Doucette J, Mekary RA, Smith TR (2022) Complications and cosmetic outcomes of materials used in cranioplasty following decompressive craniectomy-a systematic review, pairwise meta-analysis, and network meta-analysis. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 164(12):3075\u20133090. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-022-05251-5","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"issue":"6","key":"6282_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E9","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.3.FOCUS0962","volume":"26","author":"MR Gooch","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gooch MR, Gin GE, Kenning TJ, German JW (2009) Complications of cranioplasty following decompressive craniectomy: analysis of 62 cases. Neurosurg Focus 26(6):E9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2009.3.FOCUS0962","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"5","key":"6282_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-021-04809-z","volume":"163","author":"J Henry","year":"2021","unstructured":"Henry J, Amoo M, Murphy A, O\u2019Brien DP (2021) Complications of cranioplasty following decompressive craniectomy for traumatic brain injury: systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 163(5):1423\u20131435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-021-04809-z","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"issue":"5","key":"6282_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-021-04720-7","volume":"163","author":"D Hirschmann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hirschmann D, Kranawetter B, Tomschik M et al (2021) New-onset seizures after cranioplasty-a different view on a putatively frequently observed phenomenon. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 163(5):1437\u20131442. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-021-04720-7","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"6282_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5237693","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5237693","volume":"2018","author":"MY Ho","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ho MY, Tseng WL, Xiao F (2018) Estimation of the Craniectomy Surface Area by Using Postoperative Images. Int J Biomed Imaging 2018:5237693. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/5237693","journal-title":"Int J Biomed Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"6282_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.12.JNS152004","volume":"126","author":"S Honeybul","year":"2017","unstructured":"Honeybul S, Morrison DA, Ho KM, Lind CR, Geelhoed E (2017) A randomized controlled trial comparing autologous cranioplasty with custom-made titanium cranioplasty. J Neurosurg 126(1):81\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2015.12.JNS152004","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"6282_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.01357","volume":"10","author":"C Iaccarino","year":"2019","unstructured":"Iaccarino C, Kolias AG, Roumy LG, Fountas K, Adeleye AO (2019) Cranioplasty Following Decompressive Craniectomy. Front Neurol 10:1357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2019.01357","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"6282_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2013.08.005","volume":"82","author":"DR Klinger","year":"2014","unstructured":"Klinger DR, Madden C, Beshay J, White J, Gambrell K, Rickert K (2014) Autologous and acrylic cranioplasty: a review of 10 years and 258 cases. World Neurosurg 82(3\u20134):e525\u2013e530. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2013.08.005","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"6282_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1080\/02688697.2020.1742291","volume":"34","author":"L Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu L, Lu ST, Liu AH et al (2020) Comparison of complications in cranioplasty with various materials: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Neurosurg 34(4):388\u2013396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02688697.2020.1742291","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"6282_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.4103\/1793-5482.172593","volume":"11","author":"JK Mah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mah JK, Kass RA (2016) The impact of cranioplasty on cerebral blood flow and its correlation with clinical outcome in patients underwent decompressive craniectomy. Asian J Neurosurg 11(1):15\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1793-5482.172593","journal-title":"Asian J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"6282_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyx182","volume":"82","author":"JG Malcolm","year":"2018","unstructured":"Malcolm JG, Rindler RS, Chu JK et al (2018) Early Cranioplasty is Associated with Greater Neurological Improvement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neurosurgery 82(3):278\u2013288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuros\/nyx182","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"6282_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.05.009","volume":"116","author":"JG Malcolm","year":"2018","unstructured":"Malcolm JG, Mahmooth Z, Rindler RS et al (2018) Autologous Cranioplasty is Associated with Increased Reoperation Rate: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. World Neurosurg 116:60\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.05.009","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"6282_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-020-04558-5","volume":"163","author":"T Mindermann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mindermann T (2021) Empirically adapted or personalized antibiotic prophylaxis in select cranial neurosurgery? Acta Neurochir (Wien) 163(2):365\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-020-04558-5","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"issue":"11","key":"6282_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2857","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-020-04508-1","volume":"162","author":"I Paredes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Paredes I, Lagares A, San-Juan R et al (2020) Reduction in the infection rate of cranioplasty with a tailored antibiotic prophylaxis: a nonrandomized study. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 162(11):2857\u20132866. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-020-04508-1","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"issue":"6","key":"6282_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2017.0203.002","volume":"60","author":"SP Park","year":"2017","unstructured":"Park SP, Kim JH, Kang HI, Kim DR, Moon BG, Kim JS (2017) Bone Flap Resorption Following Cranioplasty with Autologous Bone: Quantitative Measurement of Bone Flap Resorption and Predictive Factors. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 60(6):749\u2013754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3340\/jkns.2017.0203.002","journal-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"6282_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-024-02309-z","volume":"47","author":"A Pfnur","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pfnur A, Tosin D, Petkov M et al (2024) Exploring complications following cranioplasty after decompressive hemicraniectomy: A retrospective bicenter assessment of autologous, PMMA and CAD implants. Neurosurg Rev 47(1):72. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10143-024-02309-z","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"6282_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2016.11.008","volume":"28","author":"M Piazza","year":"2017","unstructured":"Piazza M, Grady MS (2017) Cranioplasty. Neurosurg Clin N Am 28(2):257\u2013265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nec.2016.11.008","journal-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"6282_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.4.PEDS12605","volume":"12","author":"BG Rocque","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rocque BG, Amancherla K, Lew SM, Lam S (2013) Outcomes of cranioplasty following decompressive craniectomy in the pediatric population. J Neurosurg Pediatr 12(2):120\u2013125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2013.4.PEDS12605","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"6282_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2012.2542","volume":"30","author":"P Schuss","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schuss P, Vatter H, Oszvald A et al (2013) Bone flap resorption: risk factors for the development of a long-term complication following cranioplasty after decompressive craniectomy. J Neurotrauma 30(2):91\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2012.2542","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"3","key":"6282_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.4.JNS159","volume":"124","author":"F Schwarz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schwarz F, Dunisch P, Walter J, Sakr Y, Kalff R, Ewald C (2016) Cranioplasty after decompressive craniectomy: is there a rationale for an initial artificial bone-substitute implant? A single-center experience after 631 procedures. J Neurosurg 124(3):710\u2013715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2015.4.JNS159","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"6282_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-022-01737-z","volume":"45","author":"F Signorelli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Signorelli F, Giordano M, Caccavella VM et al (2022) A systematic review and meta-analysis of factors involved in bone flap resorption after decompressive craniectomy. Neurosurg Rev 45(3):1915\u20131922. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10143-022-01737-z","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"6282_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.03.014","volume":"69","author":"R Spencer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Spencer R, Manivannan S, Sharouf F, Bhatti MI, Zaben M (2019) Risk factors for the development of seizures after cranioplasty in patients that sustained traumatic brain injury: A systematic review. Seizure 69:11\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.03.014","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"6282_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443\u2013452 e8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.05.193","volume":"117","author":"S van de Vijfeijken","year":"2018","unstructured":"van de Vijfeijken S, Munker T, Spijker R et al (2018) Autologous Bone Is Inferior to Alloplastic Cranioplasties: Safety of Autograft and Allograft Materials for Cranioplasties, a Systematic Review. World Neurosurg 117:443-452 e8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.05.193","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"6282_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31827b98f3","volume":"72","author":"A Wiggins","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wiggins A, Austerberry R, Morrison D, Ho KM, Honeybul S (2013) Cranioplasty with custom-made titanium plates\u201314 years experience. Neurosurgery 72(2):248\u2013256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31827b98f3. (discussion 256)","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"6282_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31820a5470","volume":"68","author":"S Yadla","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yadla S, Campbell PG, Chitale R, Maltenfort MG, Jabbour P, Sharan AD (2011) Effect of early surgery, material, and method of flap preservation on cranioplasty infections: a systematic review. Neurosurgery 68(4):1124\u20131129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31820a5470. (discussion 1130)","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"5","key":"6282_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1080\/02688697.2018.1481197","volume":"32","author":"Z Yao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yao Z, Hu X, You C (2018) The incidence and treatment of seizures after cranioplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Neurosurg 32(5):489\u2013494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02688697.2018.1481197","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"6282_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.4.JNS172519","volume":"131","author":"MC Yeap","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yeap MC, Chen CC, Liu ZH et al (2018) Postcranioplasty seizures following decompressive craniectomy and seizure prophylaxis: a retrospective analysis at a single institution. J Neurosurg 131(3):936\u2013940. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2018.4.JNS172519","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"6282_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.9.JNS14405","volume":"123","author":"M Zanaty","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zanaty M, Chalouhi N, Starke RM et al (2015) Complications following cranioplasty: incidence and predictors in 348 cases. J Neurosurg 123(1):182\u2013188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2014.9.JNS14405","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"}],"container-title":["Acta Neurochirurgica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00701-024-06282-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00701-024-06282-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00701-024-06282-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T21:00:26Z","timestamp":1740171626000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00701-024-06282-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6282"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-024-06282-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0942-0940"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0942-0940","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 September 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 September 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was waived due to the study\u2019s retrospective design. No additional data was collected. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Paracelsus Medical University.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate\/Informed consent"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"380"}}