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Using intraoperative electrical stimulation mapping (ESM) in two Basque-Spanish bilinguals with non-growing lesions\u2014thus avoiding confounding effects of adaptive plasticity\u2014this study identified distinct language representations within the left temporal lobe. Stimulation of posterior and anterior superior temporal gyri induced language-selective aphasias, whereas stimulation of the mid-temporal region and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus produced naming errors without language specificity. These findings highlight both shared and distinct\n                    <jats:italic>loci<\/jats:italic>\n                    for L1 and L2, advancing our understanding of bilingual brain organization.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-025-06508-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T18:42:05Z","timestamp":1743878525000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transient selective aphasia in highly proficient bilinguals triggered by electrical stimulation of the left superior temporal gyrus"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"167","author":[{"given":"Ileana","family":"Qui\u00f1ones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Gisbert-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Garazi","family":"Bermudez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I\u00f1igo","family":"Pomposo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Santiago Gil","family":"Robles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Carreiras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Amoruso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"6508_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13121703","volume":"13","author":"DR Akhmadullina","year":"2023","unstructured":"Akhmadullina DR, Konovalov RN, Shpilyukova YA, Fedotova EY, Illarioshkin SN (2023) Anomia: Deciphering Functional Neuroanatomy in Primary Progressive Aphasia Variants. 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