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We assessed the prevalence and treatment of psychiatric disorders after traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (tICH) in a 10-year follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>An observational, retrospective single-center cohort of tICH patients from HEAD Helsinki (Head trauma related health care Economics, Acute care and Development of long-term outcomes in Helsinki city region) study hospitalized at Helsinki University Hospital between 01 January and 31 December 2010. We reported primary outcomes as psychiatric disorders and their subsequent treatment on secondary level psychiatric care during the follow-up period between January 2010 and December 2019. Logistic regression analysis was performed to study associations between admission clinical characteristics and primary outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In our cohort of 385 patients (mean age 60.7\u00a0years, 66.5% male) with tICH, 66 (17.1%) had any psychiatric disorders during the follow-up period (median time 108\u00a0months, IQR 92\u00a0months), and 48 (72.1%) of them experienced new psychiatric disorders (median time to onset 29.5\u00a0months, IQR 64\u00a0months), of which 26 (54.2%) were without any psychiatric history prior to tICH. A total of 35 patients (53.0%) received secondary level psychiatric care, and 40 (60.6%) patients had initiated new psychotropics (median time to initiation 8\u00a0months, IQR 40\u00a0months). Compared to patients without psychiatric disorders, those with psychiatric disorders were younger (mean age 49.1 vs. 63.1\u00a0years, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and had less frequently larger (&gt;\u2009100\u00a0ml) intracranial hemorrhages (21.2 vs. 44.2%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001). In multivariable analyses, younger age was independently associated with the development of any psychiatric disorders. Prior psychiatric medication and lower admission GCS score were associated with consequent psychiatric treatment.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Every sixth patient treated in a tertiary level neurosurgical unit had psychiatric disorders diagnosed at secondary level care after tICH and over half of them received secondary level psychiatric care. Psychiatric disorders development was associated with younger age whereas prior psychiatric medication and lower admission GCS score indicated subsequent psychiatric treatment.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-025-06696-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T00:26:46Z","timestamp":1760747206000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psychiatric disorders after traumatic intracranial hemorrhage: the HEAD Helsinki study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"167","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0592-3184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janne","family":"Kinnunen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jukka","family":"Putaala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Marinkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jarno","family":"Satop\u00e4\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mika","family":"Niemel\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Risto","family":"Vataja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"6696_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7176.203129","author":"S Ahmed","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ahmed S (2017) Traumatic brain injury and neuropsychiatric complications. 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The study protocol was approved by Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District (HUS). The institutional research permit (HUS\/216\/2023) stated that the study is not medical research as defined by the Finnish Medical Research Act (488\/1999) and therefore consideration by an ethics committee was not required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The need for informed patient consent was waived in the Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District (HUS) institutional research permit (HUS\/216\/2023) due to the retrospective nature of the study where register-based data gathered for routine care without further patient contact were available by the Finnish legislation (Act on the Secondary Use of Health and Social Data 522\/2019).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate and publish"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"276"}}