{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:14:14Z","timestamp":1792782854335,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":84,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Oslo","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01xtthb56","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Neurochir"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-026-06973-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T18:27:15Z","timestamp":1783103235000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intracranial hemorrhagic risk after cortical brain biopsy during shunt surgery for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a prospective comparative study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"168","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6881-9280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Per Kristian","family":"Eide","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3554-2972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aslan","family":"Lashkarivand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"6973_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hamdeh SA, Virhammar J, Sehlin D, Alafuzoff I, Cesarini KG, Marklund N (2018) Brain tissue A\u03b242 levels are linked to shunt response in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg. 2019 Jan 1;130(1):121\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2017.7.JNS171005","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.7.JNS171005"},{"key":"6973_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2024.11.002","volume":"36","author":"PK Eide","year":"2025","unstructured":"Eide PK (2025) Adult hydrocephalus and the glymphatic system. Neurosurg Clin N Am 36:127\u2013140","journal-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am"},{"key":"6973_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.857328","volume":"13","author":"PK Eide","year":"2022","unstructured":"Eide PK, Lashkarivand A, Hagen-Kersten \u00c5A, Gjertsen \u00d8, Nedregaard B, Sletteberg R, L\u00f8vland G, Vatnehol SAS, Pripp AH, Valnes LM, Ringstad G (2022) Intrathecal contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and glymphatic enhancement in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Front Neurol 13:857328","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"6973_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fcaa187","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaa187","volume":"2","author":"PK Eide","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eide PK, Pripp AH, Ringstad G (2020) Magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers of cerebrospinal fluid tracer dynamics in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Brain Commun 2:fcaa187","journal-title":"Brain Commun"},{"key":"6973_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000363408.69856.B8","volume":"66","author":"PK Eide","year":"2010","unstructured":"Eide PK, Sorteberg W (2010) Diagnostic intracranial pressure monitoring and surgical management in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a 6-year review of 214 patients. Neurosurgery 66:80\u201391","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"6973_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2015.09.067","volume":"86","author":"PK Eide","year":"2016","unstructured":"Eide PK, Sorteberg W (2016) Outcome of surgery for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: role of preoperative static and pulsatile intracranial pressure. World Neurosurg 86:186-193 e181","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"6973_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0000000000000191","volume":"74","author":"A Elobeid","year":"2015","unstructured":"Elobeid A, Laurell K, Cesarini KG, Alafuzoff I (2015) Correlations between mini-mental state examination score, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and pathology observed in brain biopsies of patients with normal-pressure hydrocephalus. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 74:470\u2013479","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"6973_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Greenberg ABW, Mekbib KY, Mehta NH, Kiziltug E, Duy PQ, Smith HR, Junkkari A, Leinonen V, Hyman BT, Chan D, Curry Jr WT, Arnold SE, Barker FG, Frosch MP, Kahle KT (2024) Utility of cortical tissue analysis in normal pressure hydrocephalus. Cereb Cortex 34(2):bhae001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cercor\/bhae001","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhae001"},{"key":"6973_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22015","volume":"68","author":"R Hamilton","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hamilton R, Patel S, Lee EB, Jackson EM, Lopinto J, Arnold SE, Clark CM, Basil A, Shaw LM, Xie SX, Grady MS, Trojanowski JQ (2010) Lack of shunt response in suspected idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus with Alzheimer disease pathology. Ann Neurol 68:535\u2013540","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"6973_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.06.029","volume":"356","author":"K Hiraoka","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hiraoka K, Narita W, Kikuchi H, Baba T, Kanno S, Iizuka O, Tashiro M, Furumoto S, Okamura N, Furukawa K, Arai H, Iwata R, Mori E, Yanai K (2015) Amyloid deposits and response to shunt surgery in idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus. J Neurol Sci 356:124\u2013128","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"6973_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147ra111","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003748","volume":"4","author":"JJ Iliff","year":"2012","unstructured":"Iliff JJ, Wang M, Liao Y, Plogg BA, Peng W, Gundersen GA, Benveniste H, Vates GE, Deane R, Goldman SA, Nagelhus EA, Nedergaard M (2012) A paravascular pathway facilitates CSF flow through the brain parenchyma and the clearance of interstitial solutes, including amyloid beta. Sci Transl Med 4:147ra111","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"6973_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22100","volume":"68","author":"V Leinonen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Leinonen V, Koivisto AM, Savolainen S, Rummukainen J, Tamminen JN, Tillgren T, Vainikka S, Pyykko OT, Molsa J, Fraunberg M, Pirttila T, Jaaskelainen JE, Soininen H, Rinne J, Alafuzoff I (2010) Amyloid and tau proteins in cortical brain biopsy and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Ann Neurol 68:446\u2013453","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"6973_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-019-0748-9","volume":"7","author":"S Libard","year":"2019","unstructured":"Libard S, Alafuzoff I (2019) Alzheimer\u2019s disease neuropathological change and loss of matrix\/neuropil in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus, a model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 7:3","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"6973_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2198","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2503109","volume":"393","author":"MG Luciano","year":"2025","unstructured":"Luciano MG, Williams MA, Hamilton MG, Katzen HL, Dasher NA, Moghekar A, Hua J, Malm J, Eklund A, Alpert Abel N, Raslan AM, Elder BD, Savage JJ, Barrow DL, Shahlaie K, Jensen H, Zwimpfer TJ, Wollett J, Hanley DF, Holubkov R (2025) A randomized trial of shunting for idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus. N Engl J Med 393:2198\u20132209","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"6973_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190334","volume":"71","author":"AJ Luikku","year":"2019","unstructured":"Luikku AJ, Hall A, Nerg O, Koivisto AM, Hiltunen M, Helisalmi S, Herukka SK, Junkkari A, Sutela A, Kojoukhova M, Korhonen V, Mattila J, Lotjonen J, Rummukainen J, Alafuzoff I, Jaaskelainen JE, Remes AM, Solomon A, Kivipelto M, Soininen H, Rauramaa T, Leinonen V (2019) Predicting development of Alzheimer\u2019s disease in patients with shunted idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. J Alzheimers Dis 71:1233\u20131243","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"6973_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25847","volume":"88","author":"K Muller-Schmitz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Muller-Schmitz K, Krasavina-Loka N, Yardimci T, Lipka T, Kolman AGJ, Robbers S, Menge T, Kujovic M, Seitz RJ (2020) Normal pressure hydrocephalus associated with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Ann Neurol 88:703\u2013711","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"6973_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyz299","volume":"86","author":"JL Nadel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nadel JL, Wilkinson DA, Linzey JR, Maher CO, Kotagal V, Heth JA (2020) Thirty-day hospital readmission and surgical complication rates for shunting in normal pressure hydrocephalus: a large national database analysis. Neurosurgery 86:843\u2013850","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"6973_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb8739","volume":"370","author":"M Nedergaard","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nedergaard M, Goldman SA (2020) Glymphatic failure as a final common pathway to dementia. Science 370:50\u201356","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"6973_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.2.JNS142318","volume":"124","author":"IJ Pomeraniec","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pomeraniec IJ, Bond AE, Lopes MB, Jane JA Sr. (2016) Concurrent Alzheimer\u2019s pathology in patients with clinical normal pressure hydrocephalus: correlation of high-volume lumbar puncture results, cortical brain biopsies, and outcomes. J Neurosurg 124:382\u2013388","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"6973_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091974","volume":"9","author":"OT Pyykko","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pyykko OT, Lumela M, Rummukainen J, Nerg O, Seppala TT, Herukka SK, Koivisto AM, Alafuzoff I, Puli L, Savolainen S, Soininen H, Jaaskelainen JE, Hiltunen M, Zetterberg H, Leinonen V (2014) Cerebrospinal fluid biomarker and brain biopsy findings in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. PLoS ONE 9:e91974","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"6973_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Relkin N, Marmarou A, Klinge P, Bergsneider M, Black PM (2005) Diagnosing idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery 57:S4\u201316. discussion ii\u2013v","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000168185.29659.C5"},{"key":"6973_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx191","volume":"140","author":"G Ringstad","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ringstad G, Vatnehol SAS, Eide PK (2017) Glymphatic MRI in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Brain 140:2691\u20132705","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"6973_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-180645","volume":"67","author":"JO Rinne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rinne JO, Suotunen T, Rummukainen J, Herukka SK, Nerg O, Koivisto AM, Rauramaa T, N\u00e5gren K, Hiltunen M, Alafuzoff I, Rinne J, J\u00e4\u00e4skel\u00e4inen JE, Soininen H, Leinonen V (2019) [11C]PIB PET is associated with the brain biopsy amyloid-\u03b2 load in subjects examined for normal pressure hydrocephalus. J Alzheimers Dis 67:1343\u20131351","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"6973_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rinne JO, Wong DF, Wolk DA, Leinonen V, Arnold SE, Buckley C, Smith A, McLain R, Sherwin PF, Farrar G, Kailajarvi M, Grachev ID (2012) [(18)F]Flutemetamol PET imaging and cortical biopsy histopathology for fibrillar amyloid beta detection in living subjects with normal pressure hydrocephalus: pooled analysis of four studies. Acta Neuropathol 124(6):833-45","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-012-1051-z"},{"key":"6973_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182563bd0","volume":"78","author":"TT Seppala","year":"2012","unstructured":"Seppala TT, Nerg O, Koivisto AM, Rummukainen J, Puli L, Zetterberg H, Pyykko OT, Helisalmi S, Alafuzoff I, Hiltunen M, Jaaskelainen JE, Rinne J, Soininen H, Leinonen V, Herukka SK (2012) CSF biomarkers for Alzheimer disease correlate with cortical brain biopsy findings. Neurology 78:1568\u20131575","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"6973_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thavarajasingam SG, El-Khatib M, Vemulapalli KV, Iradukunda HAS, Laleye J, Russo S, Eichhorn C, Eide PK (2022) Cerebrospinal fluid and venous biomarkers of shunt-responsive idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Neurochir. (Wien) 164(7):1719-1746","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-022-05154-5"}],"container-title":["Acta Neurochirurgica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00701-026-06973-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00701-026-06973-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00701-026-06973-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T23:16:56Z","timestamp":1790291816000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00701-026-06973-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6973"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-026-06973-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0942-0940"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0942-0940","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was approved as a hospital quality improvement study (approval number 2011\u20136692).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical standards in line with the Declaration of Helsinki (1975, revised in 1983) were strictly followed.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical standards","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"221"}}