{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T23:54:15Z","timestamp":1773100455332,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,21]],"date-time":"2009-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1232496000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neural Transm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-008-0167-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,20]],"date-time":"2009-01-20T12:41:06Z","timestamp":1232455266000},"page":"725-733","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Toward and away from spiders: eye-movements in spider-fearful participants"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Antje B. M.","family":"Gerdes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Pauli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georg W.","family":"Alpers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"167_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1080\/13576500701779247","volume":"13","author":"GW Alpers","year":"2008","unstructured":"Alpers GW (2008) Eye-catching: right hemisphere attentional bias for emotional pictures. Laterality: Asymmetries Body Brain Cogn 13:158\u2013178","journal-title":"Laterality: Asymmetries Body Brain Cogn"},{"key":"167_CR2","unstructured":"Alpers GW, Gerdes ABM, Lagarie B, Tabbert K, Vaitl D, Stark R (in press). Attention modulates amygdala activity: when spider phobic patients do not attend to spiders. J Neural Transm"},{"key":"167_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1213","volume":"7","author":"S Anders","year":"2004","unstructured":"Anders S, Birbaumer N, Sadowski B, Erb M, Mader I, Grodd W et al (2004) Parietal somatosensory association cortex mediates affective blindsight. Nature Neurosci 7:339\u2013340","journal-title":"Nature Neurosci"},{"key":"167_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.133.1.1","volume":"133","author":"Y Bar-Haim","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bar-Haim Y, Lamy D, Pergamin L, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, van IJzendoorn MH (2007) Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and non-anxious individuals: a meta-analytic study. Psychol Bull 133:1\u201324","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"167_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.4.4.340","volume":"4","author":"K Carlsson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Carlsson K, Petersson KM, Lundqvist D, Karlsson A, Ingvar M, \u00d6hman A (2004) Fear and the amygdala: manipulation of awareness generates differential cerebral responses to phobic and fear-relevant (but nonfeared) stimuli. Emotion 4:340\u2013353","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"167_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000812","volume":"6","author":"M Davis","year":"2001","unstructured":"Davis M, Whalen PJ (2001) The amygdala: vigilance and emotion. Mol Psychiatry 6:13\u201334","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"167_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(98)00020-7","volume":"36","author":"S Everling","year":"1998","unstructured":"Everling S, Fischer B (1998) The antisaccade: a review of basic research and clinical studies. Neuropsychologia 36:885\u2013899","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"167_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.7.2.336","volume":"7","author":"MW Eysenck","year":"2007","unstructured":"Eysenck MW, Derakshan N, Santos R, Calvo MG (2007) Anxiety and cognitive performance: attentional control theory. Emotion 7:336\u2013353","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"167_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.130.4.681","volume":"130","author":"E Fox","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fox E, Russo R, Bowles R, Dutton K (2001) Do threatening stimuli draw or hold visual attention in subclinical anxiety? J Exp Psychol Gen 130:681\u2013700","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Gen"},{"key":"167_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930143000527","volume":"16","author":"E Fox","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fox E, Russo R, Dutton K (2002) Attentional bias for threat: evidence for delayed disengagement from emotional faces. Cogn Emot 16:355\u2013379","journal-title":"Cogn Emot"},{"key":"167_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.10.010","volume":"46","author":"ABM Gerdes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gerdes ABM, Alpers GW, Pauli P (2008) When spiders appear suddenly: spider phobic patients are distracted by task-irrelevant spiders. Behav Res Ther 46:174\u2013187","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"167_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.54.6.917","volume":"54","author":"CH Hansen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hansen CH, Hansen RD (1988) Finding the face in the crowd: an anger superiority effect. J Pers Soc Psychol 54:917\u2013924","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"167_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2006.00403.x","volume":"43","author":"SB Hutton","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hutton SB, Ettinger U (2006) The antisaccade task as a research tool in psychopathology: a critical review. Psychophysiology 43:302\u2013313","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"167_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.4.3.312","volume":"4","author":"EHW Koster","year":"2004","unstructured":"Koster EHW, Crombez G, Van Damme S, Verschuere B, De Houwer J (2004) Does imminent threat capture and hold attention? Emotion 4:312\u2013317","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"167_CR15","first-page":"139","volume":"42","author":"HW Krohne","year":"1996","unstructured":"Krohne HW, Egloff B, Kohlmann C-W, Tausch A (1996) Untersuchungen mit einer deutschen Version der \u201cPositive and Negative Affect Schedule\u201d (PANAS) [Investigations with a German version of the positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS)]. Diagnostica 42:139\u2013156","journal-title":"Diagnostica"},{"key":"167_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1348\/0144665031752989","volume":"43","author":"WGT Lange","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lange WGT, Tierney KJ, Reinhardt-Rutland AH, Vivekananda-Schmidt P (2004) Viewing behaviour of spider phobics and non-phobics in the presence of threat and safety stimuli. Br J Clin Psychol 43:235\u2013243","journal-title":"Br J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"167_CR17","volume-title":"The emotional brain: the mysterious underpinnings of emotional life","author":"J LeDoux","year":"1996","unstructured":"LeDoux J (1996) The emotional brain: the mysterious underpinnings of emotional life. Simon & Schuster, New York"},{"key":"167_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.6.2.296","volume":"6","author":"OV Lipp","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lipp OV (2006) Of snakes and flowers: does preferential detection of pictures of fear-relevant animals in visual search reflect on fear-relevance? Emotion 6:296\u2013308","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"167_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.7.1.192","volume":"7","author":"OV Lipp","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lipp OV, Waters AM (2007) When danger lurks in the background: attentional capture by animal fear-relevant distractors is specific and selectively enhanced by animal fear. Emotion 7:192\u2013200","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"167_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018738019346","volume":"22","author":"A Mathews","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mathews A, Mackintosh B (1998) A cognitive model of selective processing in anxiety. Cognit Ther Res 22:539\u2013560","journal-title":"Cognit Ther Res"},{"key":"167_CR21","first-page":"105","volume":"1","author":"A Mathews","year":"1987","unstructured":"Mathews A, MacLeod C (1987) An information-processing approach to anxiety. J Cognit Psychother 1:105\u2013115","journal-title":"J Cognit Psychother"},{"key":"167_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.4.4.323","volume":"4","author":"WHR Miltner","year":"2004","unstructured":"Miltner WHR, Krieschel S, Hecht H, Trippe R, Weiss T (2004) Eye movements and behavioral responses to threatening and nonthreatening stimuli during visual search in phobic and nonphobic subjects. Emotion 4:323\u2013339","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"167_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2005.01.012","volume":"57","author":"WHR Miltner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Miltner WHR, Trippe RH, Krieschel S, Gitberlet I, Hecht H, Weiss T (2005) Event-related brain potentials and affective responses to threat in spider\/snake-phobic and non-phobic subjects. Int J Psychophysiol 57:43\u201352","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"167_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01669-4","volume":"52","author":"S Mineka","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mineka S, \u00d6hman A (2002) Phobias and preparedness: the selective, automatic, and encapsulated nature of fear. Biol Psychiatry 52:927\u2013937","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"167_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(98)00063-1","volume":"36","author":"K Mogg","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mogg K, Bradley BP (1998) A cognitive-motivational analysis of anxiety. Behav Res Ther 36:809\u2013848","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"167_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2006.05.003","volume":"44","author":"K Mogg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mogg K, Bradley BP (2006) Time course of attentional bias for fear-relevant pictures in spider-fearful individuals. Behav Res Ther 44:1241\u20131250","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"167_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.109.4.695","volume":"109","author":"K Mogg","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mogg K, Millar N, Bradley BP (2000) Biases in eye movements to threatening facial expressions in generalized anxiety disorder and depressive disorder. J Abnorm Psychol 109:695\u2013704","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"167_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.130.3.466","volume":"130","author":"A \u00d6hman","year":"2001","unstructured":"\u00d6hman A, Flykt A, Esteves F (2001a) Emotion drives attention: detecting the snake in the grass. J Exp Psychol Gen 130:466\u2013478","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Gen"},{"key":"167_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.80.3.381","volume":"80","author":"A \u00d6hman","year":"2001","unstructured":"\u00d6hman A, Lundqvist D, Esteves F (2001b) The face in the crowd revisited: a threat advantage with schematic stimuli. J Pers Soc Psychol 80:381\u2013396","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"167_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.115.2.231","volume":"115","author":"M Rinck","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rinck M, Becker ES (2006) Spider fearful individuals attend to threat, then quickly avoid it: evidence from eye movements. J Abnorm Psychol 115:231\u2013238","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"167_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1026\/\/0012-1924.48.3.141","volume":"48","author":"M Rinck","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rinck M, Bundschuh S, Engler S, M\u00fcller A, Wissmann J, Ellwart T et al (2002) Reliability and validity of German versions of three instruments measuring fear of spiders. Diagnostica 48:141\u2013149","journal-title":"Diagnostica"},{"key":"167_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1002\/da.10105","volume":"18","author":"M Rinck","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rinck M, Becker ES, Kellermann J, Roth WT (2003) Selective attention in anxiety: distraction and enhancement in visual search. Depress Anxiety 18:18\u201328","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"167_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.114.2.235","volume":"114","author":"M Rinck","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rinck M, Reinecke A, Ellwart T, Heuer K, Becker ES (2005) Speeded detection and increased distraction in fear of spiders: evidence from eye movements. J Abnorm Psychol 114:235\u2013248","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"167_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2006.04.004","volume":"45","author":"E Salemink","year":"2007","unstructured":"Salemink E, van den Hout MA, Kindt M (2007) Selective attention and threat: quick orienting versus slow disengagement and two versions of the dot probe task. Behav Res Ther 45:607\u2013615","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"167_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6185(02)00168-8","volume":"16","author":"CN Sawchuk","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sawchuk CN, Meunier SA, Lohr JM, Westendorf DH (2002) Fear, disgust, and information processing in specific phobia: the application of signal detection theory. J Anxiety Disord 16:495\u2013510","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"167_CR36","first-page":"105","volume-title":"Wissenschaftliche Beitr\u00e4ge zum 24. Symposium der Fachgruppe Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie","author":"E Schaller","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schaller E, Gerdes A, Alpers GW (2006) Angst ungleich Ekel: Der Fragebogen zu Ekel und Angst vor Spinnen [abstract]. In: Alpers GW, Krebs H, M\u00fchlberger A, Weyers P, Pauli P (eds) Wissenschaftliche Beitr\u00e4ge zum 24. Symposium der Fachgruppe Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie. Pabst, Lengerich, p 105"},{"key":"167_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(94)00072-T","volume":"26","author":"J Szymanski","year":"1995","unstructured":"Szymanski J, O\u2019Donohue W (1995) Fear of spiders questionnaire. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 26:31\u201334","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry"},{"key":"167_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(96)00093-9","volume":"35","author":"SJ Thorpe","year":"1997","unstructured":"Thorpe SJ, Salkovskis PM (1997) Information processing in spider phobics: the stroop colour naming task may indicate strategic but not automatic attentional bias. Behav Res Ther 35:131\u2013144","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"167_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(84)90061-5","volume":"22","author":"FN Watts","year":"1984","unstructured":"Watts FN, Sharrock R (1984) Questionnaire dimensions of spider phobia. Behav Res Ther 22:575\u2013580","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"167_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wieser MJ, Pauli P, Weyers P, Alpers GW, M\u00fchlberger A (in press) Fear of negative evaluation and the hypervigilance-avoidance hypothesis: an eye-tracking study. J Neural Transm","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-008-0101-0"},{"key":"167_CR41","volume-title":"Cognitive psychology and the emotional disorders","author":"JMG Williams","year":"1997","unstructured":"Williams JMG, Watts FN, MacLeod C, Mathews A (1997) Cognitive psychology and the emotional disorders, 2nd edn. Wiley, Chichester","edition":"2"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neural Transmission"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00702-008-0167-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00702-008-0167-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00702-008-0167-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]],"date-time":"2019-05-29T04:25:12Z","timestamp":1559103912000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00702-008-0167-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,21]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]}},"alternative-id":["167"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00702-008-0167-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9564","1435-1463"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9564","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-1463","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,21]]}}}