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To introduce an effective treatment, a comprehensive analysis of the various clinical symptoms must be undertaken. One must distinguish between (1) diseases which arise independently of Parkinson\u2019s disease, and (2) diseases which are a direct or indirect consequence of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Medical comorbidity may induce additional limitations to physical strength and coping strategies, and may thus restrict the efficacy of the physical therapy which is essential for treating hypokinetic-rigid symptoms. In selecting the appropriate medication for the treatment of any additional medical symptoms, which may arise, its limitations, contraindications and interactions with dopaminergic substances have to be taken into consideration. General medical symptoms and organ manifestations may also arise as a direct consequence of the autonomic dysfunction associated with Parkinson\u2019s disease. As the disease progresses, additional non-parkinsonian symptoms can be of concern. Furthermore, the side effects of Parkinson medications may necessitate the involvement of other medical specialists. In this review, we will discuss the various general medical aspects of Parkinson\u2019s disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-015-1443-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,22]],"date-time":"2015-08-22T07:26:24Z","timestamp":1440228384000},"page":"3-17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Parkinson\u2019s disease between internal medicine and neurology"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Ilona","family":"Csoti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang H.","family":"Jost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heinz","family":"Reichmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1443_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.3.456","volume":"57","author":"RD Abbott","year":"2001","unstructured":"Abbott RD, Petrovitch H, White LR, Masaki KH, Tanner CM, Curb JD, Grandinetti A, Blanchette PL, Popper JS, Ross GW (2001) Frequency of bowel movements and the future risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease. 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