{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T22:38:57Z","timestamp":1775687937586,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,6]],"date-time":"2018-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1515196800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013\/10350-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\/10350-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014\/20913-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\/20913-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Beneficente Alzira Denise Hertzog da Silva"},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBioN)","award":["2014\/50873-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\/50873-3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neural Transm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-018-1838-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,6]],"date-time":"2018-01-06T15:17:26Z","timestamp":1515251846000},"page":"869-873","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Kynurenine is correlated with IL-1\u03b2 in plasma of schizophrenia patients"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Helena P. G.","family":"Joaquim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alana C.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wagner F.","family":"Gattaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leda Leme","family":"Talib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"1838_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881108089583","volume":"23","author":"S Barry","year":"2009","unstructured":"Barry S, Clarke G, Scully P, Dinan TG (2009) Kynurenine pathway in psychosis: evidence of increased tryptophan degradation. J Psychopharmacol 23:287\u2013294","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"1838_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-001-0030-1","volume":"3","author":"E Bramon","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bramon E, Sham PC (2001) The common genetic liability between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a review. Curr Psychiatry Rep 3:332\u2013337","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"1838_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1002\/mrdd.10004","volume":"8","author":"AS Brown","year":"2002","unstructured":"Brown AS, Susser ES (2002) In utero infection and adult schizophrenia. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev 8:51\u201357","journal-title":"Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev"},{"key":"1838_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2014.00012","volume":"8","author":"BM Campbell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Campbell BM, Charych E, Lee AW, M\u00f6ller T (2014) Kynurenines in CNS disease: regulation by inflammatory cytokines. Front Neurosci 8:12","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"1838_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8762","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.5b00461","volume":"58","author":"AB Dounay","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dounay AB, Tuttle JB, Verhoest PR (2015) Challenges and opportunities in the discovery of new therapeutics targeting the kynurenine pathway. J Med Chem 58:8762\u20138782","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"1838_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.163.3.521","volume":"163","author":"WW Eaton","year":"2006","unstructured":"Eaton WW, Byrne M, Ewald H, Mors O, Chen CY, Agerbo E et al (2006) Association of schizophrenia and autoimmune diseases: linkage of Danish national registers. Am J Psychiatry 163:521\u2013528","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1838_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s007260170032","volume":"20","author":"S Erhardt","year":"2001","unstructured":"Erhardt S, Oberg H, Math\u00e9 JM, Engberg G (2001) Pharmacological elevation of endogenous kynurenic acid levels activates nigral dopamine neurons. Amino Acids 20:353\u2013362","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"1838_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2016.05.020","volume":"112","author":"S Erhardt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Erhardt S, Schwieler L, Imbeault S, Engberg G (2017) The kynurenine pathway in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Neuropharmacology 112:297\u2013306","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"1838_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17799","DOI":"10.1038\/srep17799","volume":"5","author":"F Fazio","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fazio F, Lionetto L, Curto M, Iacovelli L, Cavallari M, Zappulla C, Ulivieri M, Napoletano F, Capo M, Corigliano V, Scaccionoce S, Caruso A, Miele J, De Fusco A, Di Menna L, Comparelli A, De Carolis A, Grandini R, Nistico R, De Blasi A, Girardi P, Bruno V, Battaglia G, Nicoletti F, Simmaco M (2015) Xanthurenic acid activates mGlu2\/3 metabotropic glutamate receptors and is a potential trait marker for schizophrenia. Sci Rep 5:17799","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1838_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2012.199","volume":"18","author":"SG Fillman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fillman SG, Cloonan N, Miller LC, Weickert CS (2013) Markers of inflammation in the prefrontal cortex of individuals with schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 18:133","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1838_CR11","volume-title":"Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV-TR axis I disorders. Research version. Non-patient edition (SCID-I\/NP)","author":"MB First","year":"2002","unstructured":"First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams JBW (2002) Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV-TR axis I disorders. Research version. Non-patient edition (SCID-I\/NP). Biometrics Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York"},{"key":"1838_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvj072","volume":"139","author":"H Fujigaki","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fujigaki H, Saito K, Fujigaki S, Takemura M, Sudo K, Ishiguro H, Seishima M (2006) The signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 alpha and interferon regulatory factor 1 are not essential for the induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase by lipopolysaccharide: involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappaB pathways, and synergistic effect of several proinflammatory cytokines. J Biochem 139:655\u2013662","journal-title":"J Biochem"},{"key":"1838_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1991.tb03460.x","volume":"56","author":"S Fukui","year":"1991","unstructured":"Fukui S, Schwarcz R, Rapoport SI, Takada Y, Smith QR (1991) Blood-brain barrier transport of kynurenines: implications for brain synthesis and metabolism. J Neurochem 56:2007\u20132017","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"1838_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101652","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101652","volume":"9","author":"T Fukushima","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fukushima T, Iizuka H, Yokota A, Suzuki T, Ohno C, Kono Y, Nishikiori M, Seki A, Ichiba H, Watanabe Y, Hongo S, Ursonomiya M, Nakatani M, Sadamoto K, Yoshio T (2014) Quantitative analyses of schizophrenia-associated metabolites in serum: serum D-lactate levels are negatively correlated with gamma-glutamylcysteine in medicated schizophrenia patients. PLoS One 9:101652","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1838_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00964611","volume":"5","author":"EM Gal","year":"1980","unstructured":"Gal EM, Sherman AD (1980) l-Kynurenine: its synthesis and possible regulatory function in brain. Neurochem Res 5:223\u2013239","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"1838_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300217","volume":"28","author":"DL Garver","year":"2003","unstructured":"Garver DL, Tamas RL, Holcomb J\u00c1 (2003) Elevated interleukin-6 in the cerebrospinal fluid of a previously delineated schizophrenia subtype. Neuropsychopharmacology 28:1515\u20131520","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"1838_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1993.tb03269.x","volume":"60","author":"R Haber","year":"1993","unstructured":"Haber R, Bessette D, Hulihan-Giblin B, Durcan MJ, Goldman D (1993) Identification of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase RNA in rodent brain. J Neurochem 60:1159\u20131162","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"1838_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7463","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-19-07463.2001","volume":"21","author":"C Hilmas","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hilmas C, Pereira EF, Alkondon M, Rassoulpour A, Schwarcz R, Albuquerque EX (2001) The brain metabolite kynurenic acid inhibits alpha7 nicotinic receptor activity and increases non-alpha7 nicotinic receptor expression: physiopathological implications. J Neurosci 21:7463\u20137473","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"1838_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00431959","volume":"62","author":"MH Jospeh","year":"1979","unstructured":"Jospeh MH, Baker HF, Crow TJ, Riley GJ, Risby D (1979) Brain tryptophan metabolism in schizophrenia: a post mortem study of metabolites of the serotonin and kynurenine pathways in schizophrenic and control subjects. Psychopharmacology 62:279\u2013285","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"1838_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/13.2.261","volume":"13","author":"SR Kay","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA (1987) The positive and negative syndrome scale for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 13:261\u2013276","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"1838_CR21","unstructured":"Kegel ME, Svensson CI, Erhardt S (2011) IL-1 induces IDO and TDO transcription and provokes the release of kynurenic acid from human astrocytes in vitro. Progr No 24019\/E7 Neurosci Meet Planner Washington, DC. Soc Neurosci Online"},{"key":"1838_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e3281a305ab","volume":"20","author":"CR Lake","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lake CR, Hurwitz N (2007) Schizoaffective disorder merges schizophrenia and bipolar disorders as one disease\u2014there is no schizoaffective disorder. Curr Opin Psychiatry 20:365\u2013379","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"key":"1838_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60072-6","volume":"373","author":"P Lichtenstein","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lichtenstein P, Yip BH, Bj\u00f6rk C, Pawitan Y, Cannon TD, Sullivan PF, Hultman CM (2009) Common genetic determinants of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in Swedish families: a population-based study. Lancet 373:234\u2013239","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1838_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbq086","volume":"38","author":"KR Linderholm","year":"2012","unstructured":"Linderholm KR, Skogh E, Olsson SK, Dahl ML, Holtze M, Engberg G, Samuelsson M, Erhardt S (2012) Increased levels of kynurenine and kynurenic acid in the CSF of patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 38:426\u2013432","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"1838_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-011-0681-y","volume":"119","author":"Y M\u00e1ndi","year":"2012","unstructured":"M\u00e1ndi Y, V\u00e9csei L (2012) The kynurenine system and immunoregulation. J Neural Transm 119:197\u2013209","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"1838_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.12.056","volume":"1074","author":"CL Miller","year":"2006","unstructured":"Miller CL, Llenos IC, Dulay JR, Weis S (2006) Upregulation of the initiating step of the kynurenine pathway in postmortem anterior cingulate cortex from individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Brain Res 1074:25\u201337","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"1838_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.05.005","volume":"25","author":"AM Myint","year":"2011","unstructured":"Myint AM, Schwarz MJ, Verkerk R, Mueller HH, Zach J, Scharpe S, Steinbusch HW, Leonard BE, Kim YK (2011) Reversal of imbalance between kynurenic acid and 3-hydroxykynurenine by antipsychotics in medication-naive and medication-free schizophrenic patients. Brain Behav Immun 25:1576\u20131581","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"1838_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000352","volume":"78","author":"O Okusaga","year":"2016","unstructured":"Okusaga O, Fuchs D, Reeves G, Giegling I, Hartmann AM, Konte B, Friedl M, Groer M, Cook TB, Stearns-Yoder KA, Pandey JP, Kelly DL, Hoisington AJ, Lowry CA, Eaton WW, Brenner LA, Rujescu D, Postolache TT (2016) Kynurenine and tryptophan levels in patients with schizophrenia and elevated antigliadin immunoglobulin G antibodies. Psychosom Med 78:931\u2013939","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"1838_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60053-2","volume":"373","author":"MJ Owen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Owen MJ, Craddock N (2009) Diagnosis of functional psychoses: time to face the future. Lancet 373:190\u2013191","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1838_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbw221","volume":"43","author":"E Plitman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Plitman E, Iwata Y, Caravaggio F, Nakajima S, Chung JK, Gerretsen P, Kim J, Takeuchi H, Chakravarty MM, Remington G, Graff-Guerrero A (2017) Kynurenic acid in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Bull 43:764\u2013777","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"1838_CR31","first-page":"147","volume-title":"The American psychiatric publishing textbook of psychopharmacology","author":"CL Raison","year":"2004","unstructured":"Raison CL, Miller AH (2004) Brain\u2013immune system interaction: relevance to the pathophysiology and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. In: Schatzberg AF, Nemeroff CB (eds) The American psychiatric publishing textbook of psychopharmacology, 3rd edn. American Psychiatric Press, Washington, pp 147\u2013162","edition":"3"},{"key":"1838_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.02.017","volume":"147","author":"JS Rao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rao JS, Kim HW, Harry GJ, Rapoport SI, Reese EA (2013) Increased neuroinflammatory and arachidonic acid cascade markers, and reduced synaptic proteins, in the postmortem frontal cortex from schizophrenia patients. Schizophr Res 147:24\u201331","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"1838_CR33","first-page":"231","volume":"48","author":"A Ravikumar","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ravikumar A, Deepadevi KV, Arun P, Manojkumar V, Kurup PA (2000) Tryptophan and tyrosine catabolic pattern in neuropsychiatric disorders. Neurol India 48:231\u2013238","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"key":"1838_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15496","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)82284-0","volume":"268","author":"K Saito","year":"1993","unstructured":"Saito K, Crowley JS, Markey SP, Heyes MP (1993) A mechanism for increased quinolinic acid formation following acute systemic immune stimulation. J Biol Chem 268:15496\u201315503","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"1838_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.12.001","volume":"47","author":"D Sasayama","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sasayama D, Hattori K, Wakabayashi C, Teraishi T, Hori H, Ota M, Yoshida S, Arima K, Higuchi T, Amano N, Kunugi H (2013) Increased cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-6 levels in patients with schizophrenia and those with major depressive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 47:401\u2013406","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"1838_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbq112","volume":"37","author":"KV Sathyasaikumar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sathyasaikumar KV, Stachowski EK, Wonodi I, Roberts RC, Rassoulpour A, McMahon RP, Schwarcz R (2011) Impaired kynurenine pathway metabolism in the prefrontal cortex of individuals with schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 37:1147\u20131156","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"1838_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01078-2","volume":"50","author":"R Schwarcz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schwarcz R, Rassoulpour A, Wu HQ, Medoff D, Tamminga CA, Roberts RC (2001) Increased cortical kynurenate content in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 50:521\u2013530","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1838_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3257","volume":"13","author":"R Schwarcz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schwarcz R, Bruno JP, Muchowski PJ, Wu HQ (2012) Kynurenines in the mammalian brain: when physiology meets pathology. Nat Rev Neurosci 13:465\u2013477","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"1838_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.140126","volume":"40","author":"L Schwieler","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schwieler L, Larsson MK, Skogh E, Kegel ME, Orhan F, Abdelmoaty S, Finn A, Bhat M, Samuelsson M, Lundberg K, Dahl ML, Sellgren C, Schuppe-Koistinen I, Svensson C, Erhardt S, Engberg G (2015) Increased levels of IL-6 in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with chronic schizophrenia-significance for activation of the kynurenine pathway. J Psychiatry Neurosci 40:126\u2013133","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Neurosci"},{"key":"1838_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2015.186","volume":"21","author":"CM Sellgren","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sellgren CM, Kegel ME, Bergen SE, Ekman CJ, Olsson S, Larsson M, Vawter MP, Backlund L, Sullivan PF, Sklar P, Smoller JW, Magnusson PK, Hultman CM, Walther-Jallow L, Svensson CI, Lichtenstein P, Schalling M, Engberg G, Erhardt S, Land\u00e9n M (2016) A genome-wide association study of kynurenic acid in cerebrospinal fluid: implications for psychosis and cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 21:1342\u20131350","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1838_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2009.52","volume":"14","author":"J S\u00f6derlund","year":"2009","unstructured":"S\u00f6derlund J, Schr\u00f6der J, Nordin C, Samuelsson M, Walther-Jallow L, Karlsson H, Erhardt S, Engberg G (2009) Activation of brain interleukin-1beta in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 14:1069\u20131107","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1838_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(25)00441-7","volume":"45","author":"TW Stone","year":"1993","unstructured":"Stone TW (1993) Neuropharmacology of quinolinic and kynurenic acids. Pharmacol Rev 45:309\u2013379","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"1838_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-007-9064-3","volume":"22","author":"TW Stone","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stone TW, Forrest CM, Mackay GM, Stoy N, Darlington LG (2007) Tryptophan, adenosine, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. Metab Brain Dis 22:337\u2013352","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"1838_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.03.005","volume":"155","author":"R Upthegrove","year":"2014","unstructured":"Upthegrove R, Manzanares-Teson N, Barnes NM (2014) Cytokine function in medication-naive first episode psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 155:101\u2013108","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"1838_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3793","volume":"12","author":"L V\u00e9csei","year":"2013","unstructured":"V\u00e9csei L, Szal\u00e1rdy L, F\u00fcl\u00f6p F, Toldi J (2013) Kynurenines in the CNS: recent advances and new questions. Nat Rev Drug Discov 12:64\u201382","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"issue":"2","key":"1838_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbq002","volume":"36","author":"I Wonodi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wonodi I, Schwarcz R (2010) Cortical kynurenine pathway metabolism: a novel target for cognitive enhancement in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 36(2):211\u2013218","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neural Transmission"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00702-018-1838-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00702-018-1838-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00702-018-1838-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]],"date-time":"2025-06-29T12:09:42Z","timestamp":1751198982000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00702-018-1838-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,6]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["1838"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00702-018-1838-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9564","1435-1463"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9564","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-1463","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,6]]}}}