{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:42:26Z","timestamp":1790800946845,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,3]],"date-time":"2018-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530576000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neural Transm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-018-1900-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,3]],"date-time":"2018-07-03T00:26:29Z","timestamp":1530577589000},"page":"1109-1117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":150,"title":["Levodopa-induced dyskinesia: clinical features, incidence, and risk factors"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Tai N.","family":"Tran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trang N. N.","family":"Vo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Frei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel D.","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"1900_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1090","volume":"16","author":"JE Ahlskog","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ahlskog JE, Muenter MD (2001) Frequency of levodopa-related dyskinesias and motor fluctuations as estimated from the cumulative literature. Mov Disord 16:448\u2013458","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"PT 4","key":"1900_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr028","volume":"134","author":"I Ahmed","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ahmed I, Bose SK, Powesc N, Ramlackhansingh A, Turkheimer F, Hotton G, Hammers A, Brooks KJ (2011) Glutamate NMDA receptor dysregulation in Parkinson's disease with dyskinesias. Brain 134(PT 4):979\u2013986","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"1900_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25090","volume":"27","author":"M Alegre","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alegre M, Lopez-Azcarate J, Alonso-Frech F, Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Valencia M, Guridi J, Artieda J, Obeso JA (2012) Subthalamic activity during diphasic dyskinesias in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 27:1178\u20131181","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1900_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26528","volume":"31","author":"A Antonini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Antonini A, Fung VS, Boyd JT, Slevin JT, Hall C, Chatamra K, Eaton S, Benesh JA (2016) Effect of levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel on dyskinesia in advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease patients. Mov Disord 31:530\u2013537","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1900_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26125","volume":"30","author":"CC Aquino","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aquino CC, Fox SH (2015) Clinical spectrum of levodopa-induced complications. Mov Disord 30:80\u201389","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"1900_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S53","DOI":"10.1007\/s100720200066","volume":"23","author":"G Arabia","year":"2002","unstructured":"Arabia G, Zappia M, Bosco D, Crescibene L, Bagala A, Bastone L, Caracciolo M, Scornaienghi M, Quattrone A (2002) Body weight, levodopa pharmacokinetics and dyskinesia in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurol Sci 23(Suppl 2):S53\u2013S54","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"1900_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2008.08.007","volume":"15","author":"S Armand","year":"2009","unstructured":"Armand S, Landis T, Sztajzel R, Burkhard PR (2009) Dyskinesia-induced postural instability in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 15:359\u2013364","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"7","key":"1900_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.35.7.949","volume":"35","author":"PA Ballard","year":"1985","unstructured":"Ballard PA, Tetrud JW, Langston JW (1985) Permanent human parkinsonism due to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP): seven cases. Neurology 35(7):949\u2013956","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1900_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.14802\/jmd.14006","volume":"7","author":"H Bektas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bektas H, Deniz O, Temel S, Keklikoglu HD, Akyol S (2014) Rhabdomyolysis related to dyskinesia in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Mov Disord 7:25\u201327","journal-title":"J Mov Disord"},{"key":"1900_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.11.007","volume":"22","author":"A Bjornestad","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bjornestad A, Forsaa EB, Pedersen KF, Tysnes OB, Larsen JP, Alves G (2016) Risk and course of major complications in a population-based incident Parkinson's disease cohort. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 22:48\u201353","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"1900_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200418110-00003","volume":"18","author":"F Bracco","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bracco F, Battaglia A, Chouza C, Dupont E, Gershanik O, Marti Masso JF, Montastruc JL (2004) The long-acting dopamine receptor agonist cabergoline in early Parkinson\u2019s disease: final results of a 5-year, double-blind, levodopa-controlled study. CNS Drugs 18:733\u2013746","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"1900_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.10.2130","volume":"43","author":"D Bravi","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bravi D, Mouradian MM, Roberts JW, Davis TL, Chase TN (1993) End-of-dose dystonia in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurology 43:2130\u20132131","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1900_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70218-0","volume":"9","author":"P Calabresi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Calabresi P, Di Filippo M, Ghiglieri V, Tambasco N, Picconi B (2010) Levodopa-induced dyskinesias in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease: filling the bench-to-bedside gap. Lancet Neurol 9:1106\u20131117","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"1900_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23345","volume":"25","author":"M Carecchio","year":"2010","unstructured":"Carecchio M, Collini A, Comi C, Cantello R, Bhatia KP, Monaco F (2010) Levodopa-induced belly dancer\u2019s dyskinesias in Parkinson\u2019s disease: report of one case. Mov Disord 25:1760\u20131762","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1900_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26903","volume":"32","author":"MJ Catalan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Catalan MJ, Escribano PM, Alonso-Frech F (2017) Dyskinesias in levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel infusion era: new challenges, new features. Mov Disord 32:624\u2013625","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1900_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12318","volume":"21","author":"M Chondrogiorgi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chondrogiorgi M, Tatsioni A, Reichmann H, Konitsiotis S (2014) Dopamine agonist monotherapy in Parkinson\u2019s disease and potential risk factors for dyskinesia: a meta-analysis of levodopa-controlled trials. Eur J Neurol 21:433\u2013440","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"1900_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu195","volume":"137","author":"R Cilia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cilia R, Akpalu A, Sarfo FS, Cham M, Amboni M, Cereda E, Fabbri M, Adjei P, Akassi J, Bonetti A, Pezzoli G (2014) The modern pre-levodopa era of Parkinson\u2019s disease: insights into motor complications from sub-Saharan Africa. Brain 137:2731\u20132742","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"1900_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18020242","volume":"18","author":"C Comi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Comi C, Ferrari M, Marino F, Magistrelli L, Cantello R, Riboldazzi G, Bianchi ML, Bono G, Cosentino M (2017) Polymorphisms of dopamine receptor genes and risk of l-dopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Int J Mol Sci 18:242","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1900_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196702162760703","volume":"276","author":"GC Cotzias","year":"1967","unstructured":"Cotzias GC, Van Woert MH, Schiffer LM (1967) Aromatic amino acids and modification of parkinsonism. N Engl J Med 276:374\u2013379","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1900_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196902132800701","volume":"280","author":"GC Cotzias","year":"1969","unstructured":"Cotzias GC, Papavasiliou PS, Gellene R (1969) Modification of Parkinsonism\u2014chronic treatment with l-dopa. N Engl J Med 280:337\u2013345","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1900_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.35.2.235","volume":"35","author":"J Keyser De","year":"1985","unstructured":"De Keyser J, Vincken W (1985) l-Dopa-induced respiratory disturbance in Parkinson\u2019s disease suppressed by tiapride. Neurology 35:235\u2013237","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1900_CR22","first-page":"S21","volume":"54","author":"MC Rijk de","year":"2000","unstructured":"de Rijk MC, Launer LJ, Berger K, Breteler MM, Dartigues JF, Baldereschi M, Fratiglioni L, Lobo A, Martinez-Lage J, Trenkwalder C, Hofman A (2000) Prevalence of Parkinson\u2019s disease in Europe: a collaborative study of population-based cohorts. Neurologic Diseases in the Elderly Research Group. Neurology 54:S21\u2013S3","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1900_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23805","volume":"27","author":"LM Lau de","year":"2012","unstructured":"de Lau LM, Verbaan D, Marinus J, Heutink P, van Hilten JJ (2012) Catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met and the risk of dyskinesias in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 27:132\u2013135","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1900_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1159\/000131893","volume":"60","author":"EV Encarnacion","year":"2008","unstructured":"Encarnacion EV, Hauser RA (2008) Levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson\u2019s disease: etiology, impact on quality of life, and treatments. Eur Neurol 60:57\u201366","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"1900_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21475","volume":"22","author":"G Fabbrini","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fabbrini G, Brotchie JM, Grandas F, Nomoto M, Goetz CG (2007) Levodopa-induced dyskinesias. Mov Disord 22:1379\u20131389 (quiz 523)","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1900_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.56.5.529","volume":"56","author":"S Fahn","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fahn S (1999) Parkinson disease, the effect of levodopa, and the ELLDOPA trial. Earlier vs later L-DOPA. Arch Neurol 56:529\u2013535","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"1900_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(200001)47:1<2::AID-ANA2>3.0.CO;2-B","volume":"47","author":"S Fahn","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fahn S (2000) The spectrum of levodopa-induced dyskinesias. Ann Neurol 47:S2\u2013S9 (discussion S9\u2013S11)","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"1900_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2498","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa033447","volume":"351","author":"S Fahn","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fahn S, Oakes D, Shoulson I, Kieburtz K, Rudolph A, Lang A, Olanow CW, Tanner C, Marek K, Group Parkinson Study (2004) Levodopa and the progression of Parkinson\u2019s disease. N Engl J Med 351:2498\u20132508","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1900_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.154294","volume":"80","author":"T Foltynie","year":"2009","unstructured":"Foltynie T, Cheeran B, Williams-Gray CH, Edwards MJ, Schneider SA, Weinberger D, Rothwell JC, Barker RA, Bhatia KP (2009) BDNF val66met influences time to onset of levodopa induced dyskinesia in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 80:141\u2013144","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"1900_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00314037","volume":"232","author":"A Friedman","year":"1985","unstructured":"Friedman A (1985) Levodopa-induced dyskinesia: clinical observations. J Neurol 232:29\u201331","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"1900_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23255","volume":"25","author":"S Gil-Navarro","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gil-Navarro S, Grandas F (2010) Dyskinesia\u2013hyperpyrexia syndrome: another Parkinson\u2019s disease emergency. Mov Disord 25:2691\u20132692","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1900_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2007.01919.x","volume":"14","author":"H Grotzsch","year":"2007","unstructured":"Grotzsch H, Sztajzel R, Burkhard PR (2007) Levodopa-induced ocular dyskinesia in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Eur J Neurol 14:1124\u20131128","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"1900_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410390107","volume":"39","author":"PS Group","year":"1996","unstructured":"Group PS (1996) Impact of deprenyl and tocopherol treatment on Parkinson\u2019s disease in DATATOP patients requiring levodopa. Ann Neurol 39:37\u201345","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"1900_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S268","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-010-5719-9","volume":"257","author":"E Hametner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hametner E, Seppi K, Poewe W (2010) The clinical spectrum of levodopa-induced motor complications. J Neurol 257:S268\u2013S275","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"1900_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.3109\/00207454.2013.833511","volume":"124","author":"HZ Hashim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hashim HZ, Norlinah MI, Nafisah WY, Tan HJ, Raymond AA, Tamil AM (2014) Risk factors and predictors of levodopa-induced dyskinesia among multiethnic Malaysians with Parkinson\u2019s disease. Int J Neurosci 124:187\u2013191","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"key":"1900_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-011-6067-0","volume":"258","author":"S Hassin-Baer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hassin-Baer S, Molchadski I, Cohen OS, Nitzan Z, Efrati L, Tunkel O, Kozlova E, Korczyn AD (2011) Gender effect on time to levodopa-induced dyskinesias. J Neurol 258:2048\u20132053","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"1900_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-200003000-00003","volume":"23","author":"RA Hauser","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hauser RA, Friedlander J, Zesiewicz TA, Adler CH, Seeberger LC, O\u2019Brien CF, Molho ES, Factor SA (2000) A home diary to assess functional status in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease with motor fluctuations and dyskinesia. Clin Neuropharmacol 23:75\u201381","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"1900_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000081227.84197.0B","volume":"61","author":"RA Hauser","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hauser RA, Hubble JP, Truong DD, U.S. Study Group Istradefylline (2003) Randomized trial of the adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonist istradefylline in advanced PD. Neurology 61:297\u2013303","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1900_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20248","volume":"19","author":"RA Hauser","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hauser RA, Deckers F, Lehert P (2004) Parkinson\u2019s disease home diary: further validation and implications for clinical trials. Mov Disord 19:1409\u20131413","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1900_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70025-5","volume":"12","author":"RA Hauser","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hauser RA, Hsu A, Kell S, Espay AJ, Sethi K, Stacy M, Ondo W, O\u2019Connell M, Gupta S (2013) Extended-release carbidopa-levodopa (IPX066) compared with immediate-release carbidopa-levodopa in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease and motor fluctuations: a phase 3 randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet Neurol 12:346\u2013356","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"1900_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20324","volume":"20","author":"MA Hely","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hely MA, Morris JG, Reid WG, Trafficante R (2005) Sydney Multicenter Study of Parkinson\u2019s disease: non-l-dopa-responsive problems dominate at 15 years. Mov Disord 20:190\u2013199","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1900_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.108.149617","volume":"330","author":"RA Hodgson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hodgson RA, Bertorelli R, Varty GB, Lachowicz JE, Forlani A, Fredduzzi S, Cohen-Williams ME, Higgins GA, Impagnatiello F, Nicolussi E, Parra LE, Foster C, Zhai Y, Neustadt BR, Stamford AW, Parker EM, Reggiani A, Hunter JC (2009) Characterization of the potent and highly selective A2A receptor antagonists preladenant and SCH 412348 [7-[2-[4-2,4-difluorophenyl]-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-2-(2-furanyl)-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-5-amine] in rodent models of movement disorders and depression. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 330:294\u2013303","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"1900_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2010.07.011","volume":"225","author":"RA Hodgson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hodgson RA, Bedard PJ, Varty GB, Kazdoba TM, Di Paolo T, Grzelak ME, Pond AJ, Hadjtahar A, Belanger N, Gregoire L, Dare A, Neustadt BR, Stamford AW, Hunter JC (2010) Preladenant, a selective A(2A) receptor antagonist, is active in primate models of movement disorders. Exp Neurol 225:384\u201390","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"1900_CR44","first-page":"1044","volume":"61","author":"RG Holloway","year":"2004","unstructured":"Holloway RG, Shoulson I, Fahn S, Kieburtz K, Lang A, Marek K, McDermott M, Seibyl J, Weiner W, Musch B, Kamp C, Welsh M, Shinaman A, Pahwa R, Barclay L, Hubble J, LeWitt P, Miyasaki J, Suchowersky O, Stacy M, Russell DS, Ford B, Hammerstad J, Riley D, Standaert D, Wooten F, Factor S, Jankovic J, Atassi F, Kurlan R, Panisset M, Rajput A, Rodnitzky R, Shults C, Petsinger G, Waters C, Pfeiffer R, Biglan K, Borchert L, Montgomery A, Sutherland L, Weeks C, DeAngelis M, Sime E, Wood S, Pantella C, Harrigan M, Fussell B, Dillon S, Alexander-Brown B, Rainey P, Tennis M, Rost-Ruffner E, Brown D, Evans S, Berry D, Hall J, Shirley T, Dobson J, Fontaine D, Pfeiffer B, Brocht A, Bennett S, Daigneault S, Hodgeman K, C O\u2019Connell, T Ross, Richard K, Watts A, Group Parkinson Study (2004) Pramipexole vs levodopa as initial treatment for Parkinson disease: a 4-year randomized controlled trial. Arch Neurol 61:1044\u20131053","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"1900_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000385","volume":"82","author":"JY Hong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hong JY, Oh JS, Lee I, Sunwoo MK, Ham JH, Lee JE, Sohn YH, Kim JS, Lee PH (2014) Presynaptic dopamine depletion predicts levodopa-induced dyskinesia in de novo Parkinson disease. Neurology 82:1597\u2013604","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"Suppl 11","key":"1900_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20458","volume":"20","author":"J Jankovic","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jankovic J (2005) Motor fluctuations and dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease: clinical manifestations. Mov Disord 20(Suppl 11):S11\u2013S16","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1900_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.36.2.303-b","volume":"36","author":"J Jankovic","year":"1986","unstructured":"Jankovic J, Nour F (1986) Respiratory dyskinesia in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurology 36:303\u2013304","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1900_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000068009.32067.A1","volume":"60","author":"R Kaiser","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kaiser R, Hofer A, Grapengiesser A, Gasser T, Kupsch A, Roots I, Brockmoller J (2003) l-Dopa-induced adverse effects in PD and dopamine transporter gene polymorphism. Neurology 60:1750\u20131755","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1900_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2011.147","volume":"68","author":"S Kipfer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kipfer S, Stephan MA, Schupbach WM, Ballinari P, Kaelin-Lang A (2011) Resting tremor in Parkinson disease: a negative predictor of levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Arch Neurol 68:1037\u20131039","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"1900_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1975.00490470075011","volume":"32","author":"HL Klawans","year":"1975","unstructured":"Klawans HL, Goetz C, Bergen D (1975) Levodopa-induced myoclonus. Arch Neurol 32:330\u2013334","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"1900_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.2_Part_1.202","volume":"41","author":"V Kostic","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kostic V, Przedborski S, Flaster E, Sternic N (1991) Early development of levodopa-induced dyskinesias and response fluctuations in young-onset Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurology 41:202\u2013205","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1900_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2002.00346.x","volume":"9","author":"VS Kosti\u0107","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kosti\u0107 VS, Marinkovi\u0107 J, Svetel M, Stefanova E, Przedborski S (2002) The effect of stage of Parkinson\u2019s disease at the onset of levodopa therapy on development of motor complications. Eur J Neurol 9:9\u201314","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"1900_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23068","volume":"25","author":"S Ku","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ku S, Glass GA (2010) Age of Parkinson\u2019s disease onset as a predictor for the development of dyskinesia. Mov Disord 25:1177\u20131182","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1900_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20360","volume":"20","author":"N Kumar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kumar N, Van Gerpen JA, Bower JH, Ahlskog JE (2005) Levodopa-dyskinesia incidence by age of Parkinson\u2019s disease onset. Mov Disord 20:342\u2013344","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1900_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23400","volume":"26","author":"JY Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee JY, Cho J, Lee EK, Park SS, Jeon BS (2011) Differential genetic susceptibility in diphasic and peak-dose dyskinesias in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 26:73\u201379","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1900_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870130421","volume":"13","author":"PA LeWitt","year":"1998","unstructured":"LeWitt PA (1998) Conjugate eye deviations as dyskinesias induced by levodopa in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 13:731\u2013734","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1900_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26082","volume":"30","author":"PA LeWitt","year":"2015","unstructured":"LeWitt PA (2015) Levodopa therapy for Parkinson\u2019s disease: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Mov Disord 30:64\u201372","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1900_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21315","volume":"63","author":"PA LeWitt","year":"2008","unstructured":"LeWitt PA, Guttman M, Tetrud JW, Tuite PJ, Mori A, Chaikin P, Sussman NM, U.S. Study Group (2008) Adenosine A2A receptor antagonist istradefylline (KW-6002) reduces \u201coff\u201d time in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a double-blind, randomized, multicenter clinical trial (6002-US-005). Ann Neurol 63:295\u2013302","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"1900_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870070204","volume":"7","author":"MR Luquin","year":"1992","unstructured":"Luquin MR, Scipioni O, Vaamonde J, Gershanik O, Obeso JA (1992) Levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson\u2019s disease: clinical and pharmacological classification. Mov Disord 7:117\u2013124","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1900_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-011-6041-x","volume":"258","author":"CH Lyoo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lyoo CH, Lee MS (2011) Rhabdomyolysis induced by severe levodopa induced dyskinesia in a patient with Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurol 258:1893\u20131894","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"1900_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-2012-120103","volume":"2","author":"A Manson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Manson A, Stirpe P, Schrag A (2012) Levodopa-induced-dyskinesias clinical features, incidence, risk factors, management and impact on quality of life. J Parkinsons Dis 2:189\u2013198","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"1900_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870090103","volume":"9","author":"R Marconi","year":"1994","unstructured":"Marconi R, Lefebvre-Caparros D, Bonnet AM, Vidailhet M, Dubois B, Agid Y (1994) Levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson\u2019s disease phenomenology and pathophysiology. Mov Disord 9:2\u201312","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1900_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1971122part2340","volume":"12","author":"CH Markham","year":"1971","unstructured":"Markham CH (1971) The choreoathetoid movement disorder induced by levodopa. Clin Pharmacol Ther 12:340\u2013343","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"1900_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1979.00500410086014","volume":"36","author":"E Melamed","year":"1979","unstructured":"Melamed E (1979) Early-morning dystonia. A late side effect of long-term levodopa therapy in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Arch Neurol 36:308\u2013310","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"1900_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.12.030","volume":"37","author":"M Meloni","year":"2017","unstructured":"Meloni M, Solla P, Mascia MM, Marrosu F, Cannas A (2017) Diphasic dyskinesias during levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) infusion in Parkinson\u2019s disease\u2019. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 37:92\u201396","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"1900_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20342","volume":"20","author":"FS Monte","year":"2005","unstructured":"Monte FS, da Silva-Junior FP, Braga-Neto P, Nobre e Souza MA, de Bruin VM (2005) Swallowing abnormalities and dyskinesia in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 20:457\u2013462","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1900_CR67","first-page":"163","volume":"52","author":"MD Muenter","year":"1977","unstructured":"Muenter MD, Sharpless NS, Tyce GM, Darley FL (1977) Patterns of dystonia (\u201cI-D-I\u201d and \u201cD-I-D-\u201d) in response to l-dopa therapy for Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mayo Clin Proc 52:163\u2013174","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"1900_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1854","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26459","volume":"30","author":"A Nicoletti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nicoletti A, Zappia M (2015) Coffee consumption and risk of levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson\u2019s disease: the FRAGAMP study. Mov Disord 30:1854\u20131856","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1900_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.40.2.340","volume":"40","author":"JG Nutt","year":"1990","unstructured":"Nutt JG (1990) Levodopa-induced dyskinesia: review, observations, and speculations. Neurology 40:340\u2013345","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1900_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70264-8","volume":"12","author":"VJ Odekerken","year":"2013","unstructured":"Odekerken VJ, van Laar T, Staal MJ, Mosch A, Hoffmann CF, Nijssen PC, Beute GN, van Vugt JP, Lenders MW, Contarino MF, Mink MS, Bour LJ, van den Munckhof P, Schmand BA, de Haan RJ, Schuurman PR, de Bie RM (2013) Subthalamic nucleus versus globus pallidus bilateral deep brain stimulation for advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease (NSTAPS study): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 12:37\u201344","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"1900_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27131","volume":"32","author":"W Oertel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oertel W, Eggert K, Pahwa R, Tanner CM, Hauser RA, Trenkwalder C, Ehret R, Azulay JP, Isaacson S, Felt L, Stempien MJ (2017) Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of ADS-5102 (amantadine) extended-release capsules for levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson\u2019s disease (EASE LID 3). Mov Disord 32:1701\u20131709","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1900_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneuro0222","volume":"2","author":"CW Olanow","year":"2006","unstructured":"Olanow CW, Obeso JA, Stocchi F (2006) Drug insight: continuous dopaminergic stimulation in the treatment of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Nat Clin Pract Neurol 2:382\u2013392","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Neurol"},{"key":"1900_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181a1d44c","volume":"72","author":"CW Olanow","year":"2009","unstructured":"Olanow CW, Stern MB, Sethi K (2009) The scientific and clinical basis for the treatment of Parkinson disease (2009). Neurology 72:S1\u2013S136","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1900_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70293-X","volume":"13","author":"CW Olanow","year":"2014","unstructured":"Olanow CW, Kieburtz K, Odin P, Espay AJ, Standaert DG, Fernandez HH, Vanagunas A, Othman AA, Widnell KL, Robieson WZ, Pritchett Y, Chatamra K, Benesh J, Lenz RA, Antonini A (2014) Continuous intrajejunal infusion of levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel for patients with advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease: a randomised, controlled, double-blind, double-dummy study. Lancet Neurol 13:141\u2013149","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"1900_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.7.1425","volume":"53","author":"RL Oliveri","year":"1999","unstructured":"Oliveri RL, Annesi G, Zappia M, Civitelli D, Montesanti R, Branca D, Nicoletti G, Spadafora P, Pasqua AA, Cittadella R, Andreoli V, Gambardella A, Aguglia U, Quattrone A (1999) Dopamine D2 receptor gene polymorphism and the risk of levodopa-induced dyskinesias in PD. Neurology 53:1425\u20131430","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1900_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26159","volume":"30","author":"R Pahwa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pahwa R, Tanner CM, Hauser RA, Sethi K, Isaacson S, Truong D, Struck L, Ruby AE, McClure NL, Went GT, Stempien MJ (2015) Amantadine extended release for levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson\u2019s disease (EASED Study). Mov Disord 30:788\u2013795","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1900_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.0943","volume":"74","author":"R Pahwa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pahwa R, Tanner CM, Hauser RA, Isaacson SH, Nausieda PA, Truong DD, Agarwal P, Hull KL, Lyons KE, Johnson R, Stempien MJ (2017) ADS-5102 (Amantadine) extended-release capsules for levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson disease (EASE LID Study): a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol 74:941\u201349","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"1900_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2005.01096.x","volume":"12","author":"M Pechevis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pechevis M, Clarke CE, Vieregge P, Khoshnood B, Deschaseaux-Voinet C, Berdeaux G, Ziegler M (2005) Effects of dyskinesias in Parkinson\u2019s disease on quality of life and health-related costs: a prospective European study. Eur J Neurol 12:956\u2013963","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"1900_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.02.012","volume":"21","author":"RF Pfeiffer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pfeiffer RF, LeDoux MS (2015) Levodopa-induced lateral jaw deviation dystonia. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 21:808","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"1900_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2013.07.002","volume":"19","author":"S Pietracupa","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pietracupa S, Fasano A, Fabbrini G, Sarchioto M, Bloise M, Latorre A, Altieri M, Bologna M, Berardelli A (2013) Poor self-awareness of levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson\u2019s disease: clinical features and mechanisms. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 19:1004\u20131008","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"1900_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410230112","volume":"23","author":"WH Poewe","year":"1988","unstructured":"Poewe WH, Lees AJ, Stern GM (1988) Dystonia in Parkinson\u2019s disease: clinical and pharmacological features. Ann Neurol 23:73\u201378","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"1900_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S25","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.2_Suppl_2.S25","volume":"51","author":"NP Quinn","year":"1998","unstructured":"Quinn NP (1998) Classification of fluctuations in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurology 51:S25\u2013S29","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1900_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100041457","volume":"19","author":"AH Rajput","year":"1992","unstructured":"Rajput AH (1992) Frequency and cause of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Can J Neurol Sci 19:103\u2013107","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"1900_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005183422004","volume":"342","author":"O Rascol","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rascol O, Brooks DJ, Korczyn AD, De Deyn PP, Clarke CE, Lang AE (2000) A five-year study of the incidence of dyskinesia in patients with early Parkinson\u2019s disease who were treated with ropinirole or levodopa. N Engl J Med 342:1484\u20131491","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1900_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10072","volume":"17","author":"JE Rice","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rice JE, Antic R, Thompson PD (2002) Disordered respiration as a levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 17:524\u2013527","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1900_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.2217\/pgs.12.149","volume":"13","author":"M Rieck","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rieck M, Schumacher-Schuh AF, Altmann V, Francisconi CL, Fagundes PT, Monte TL, Callegari-Jacques SM, Rieder CR, Hutz MH (2012) DRD2 haplotype is associated with dyskinesia induced by levodopa therapy in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients. Pharmacogenomics 13:1701\u20131710","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics"},{"key":"1900_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.2217\/pgs.15.23","volume":"16","author":"M Rieck","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rieck M, Schumacher-Schuh AF, Callegari-Jacques SM, Altmann V, Schneider Medeiros M, Rieder CR, Hutz MH (2015) Is there a role for ADORA2A polymorphisms in levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients?. Pharmacogenomics 16:573\u201382","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics"},{"key":"1900_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23667","volume":"26","author":"E R\u016f\u017ei\u010dka","year":"2011","unstructured":"R\u016f\u017ei\u010dka E, Z\u00e1rubov\u00e1 K, Nutt JG, Bloem BR (2011) \u201cSilly Walks\u201d in Parkinson\u2019s disease: unusual presentation of dopaminergic-induced dyskinesias. Mov Disord 26:1783\u20131784","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"Pt 11","key":"1900_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.11.2297","volume":"123","author":"A Schrag","year":"2000","unstructured":"Schrag A, Quinn N (2000) Dyskinesias and motor fluctuations in Parkinson\u2019s disease. A community-based study. Brain 123(Pt 11):2297\u2013305","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"1900_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870130605","volume":"13","author":"A Schrag","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schrag A, Ben-Shlomo Y, Brown R, Marsden CD, Quinn N (1998) Young-onset Parkinson\u2019s disease revisited\u2014clinical features, natural history, and mortality. Mov Disord 13:885\u201394","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1900_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1038\/tpj.2013.37","volume":"14","author":"AF Schumacher-Schuh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schumacher-Schuh AF, Altmann V, Rieck M, Tovo-Rodrigues L, Monte TL, Callegari-Jacques SM, Medeiros MS, Rieder CR, Hutz MH (2014) Association of common genetic variants of HOMER1 gene with levodopa adverse effects in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients. Pharmacogenomics J 14:289\u2013294","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics J"},{"issue":"2","key":"1900_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12751","volume":"232","author":"NW Scott","year":"2016","unstructured":"Scott NW, Macleod AD, Counsell CE (2016) Motor complications in an incident Parkinson's disease cohort. Eur J Neurol 232(2):304\u2013312","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"1900_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2006.07.002","volume":"12","author":"JC Sharma","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sharma JC, Macnamara L, Hasoon M, Vassallo M, Ross I (2006) Cascade of levodopa dose and weight-related dyskinesia in Parkinson\u2019s disease (LD-WD-PD cascade). Parkinsonism Relat Disord 12:499\u2013505","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"1900_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2008.02106.x","volume":"15","author":"JC Sharma","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sharma JC, Ross IN, Rascol O, Brooks D (2008) Relationship between weight, levodopa and dyskinesia: the significance of levodopa dose per kilogram body weight. Eur J Neurol 15:493\u2013496","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"1900_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2010.06.003","volume":"16","author":"JC Sharma","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sharma JC, Bachmann CG, Linazasoro G (2010) Classifying risk factors for dyskinesia in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 16:490\u2013497","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"1900_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000313834.22171.17","volume":"70","author":"M Stacy","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stacy M, Silver D, Mendis T, Sutton J, Mori A, Chaikin P, Sussman NM (2008) A 12-week, placebo-controlled study (6002-US-006) of istradefylline in Parkinson disease. Neurology 70:2233\u20132240","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1900_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20785","volume":"21","author":"JA Strong","year":"2006","unstructured":"Strong JA, Dalvi A, Revilla FJ, Sahay A, Samaha FJ, Welge JA, Gong J, Gartner M, Yue X, Yu L (2006) Genotype and smoking history affect risk of levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 21:654\u2013659","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1900_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X15666170510143821","author":"N Tambasco","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tambasco N, Romoli M, Calabresi P (2017) Levodopa in Parkinson\u2019s disease: current status and future developments. Curr Neuropharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1570159X15666170510143821","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"1900_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(05)70259-0","volume":"14","author":"CM Tanner","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tanner CM, Goldman SM (1996) Epidemiology of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurol Clin 14:317\u2013335","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"1900_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2006.054759","volume":"83","author":"B Thanvi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Thanvi B, Lo N, Robinson T (2007) Levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson\u2019s disease: clinical features, pathogenesis, prevention and treatment. Postgrad Med J 83:384\u2013388","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"issue":"Suppl 7","key":"1900_CR101","first-page":"VII7","volume":"253","author":"E Tolosa","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tolosa E, Compta Y (2006) Dystonia in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurol 253(Suppl 7):VII7\u2013V13","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"1900_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.63.2.205","volume":"63","author":"JA Gerpen Van","year":"2006","unstructured":"Van Gerpen JA, Kumar N, Bower JH, Weigand S, Ahlskog JE (2006) Levodopa-associated dyskinesia risk among Parkinson disease patients in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1976\u20131990. Arch Neurol 63:205\u2013209","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"1900_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870130228","volume":"13","author":"P Munckhof van den","year":"1998","unstructured":"van den Munckhof P, Lenz FA, Chase TN (1998) Square-wave action dystonia in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 13:354\u2013356","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1900_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01345246","volume":"14","author":"L Verhagen Metman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Verhagen Metman L, Del Dotto P, Blanchet PJ, van den Munckhof P, Chase TN (1998a) Blockade of glutamatergic transmission as treatment for dyskinesias and motor fluctuations in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Amino Acids 14:75\u201382","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"1900_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.5.1323","volume":"50","author":"L Verhagen Metman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Verhagen Metman L, Del Dotto P, van den Munckhof P, Fang J, Mouradian MM, Chase TN (1998b) Amantadine as treatment for dyskinesias and motor fluctuations in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurology 50:1323\u20131326","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1900_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25364","volume":"28","author":"C Warren Olanow","year":"2013","unstructured":"Warren Olanow C, Kieburtz K, Rascol O, Poewe W, Schapira AH, Emre M, Nissinen H, Leinonen M, Stocchi F (2013) Factors predictive of the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia and wearing-off in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 28:1064\u20131071","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1900_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2008.02514.x","volume":"16","author":"MM Wickremaratchi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wickremaratchi MM, Ben-Shlomo Y, Morris HR (2009) The effect of onset age on the clinical features of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Eur J Neurol 16:450\u2013456","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"1900_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25319","volume":"28","author":"AM Wills","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wills AM, Eberly S, Tennis M, Lang AE, Messing S, Togasaki D, Tanner CM, Kamp C, Chen JF, Oakes D, McDermott MP, Schwarzschild MA, Group Parkinson Study (2013) Caffeine consumption and risk of dyskinesia in CALM-PD. Mov Disord 28:380\u2013383","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1900_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.62.4.601","volume":"62","author":"M Zappia","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zappia M, Annesi G, Nicoletti G, Arabia G, Annesi F, Messina D, Pugliese P, Spadafora P, Tarantino P, Carrideo S, Civitelli D, De Marco EV, Ciro-Candiano IC, Gambardella A, Quattrone A (2005) Sex differences in clinical and genetic determinants of levodopa peak-dose dyskinesias in Parkinson disease: an exploratory study. Arch Neurol 62:601\u2013605","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"1900_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.10.018","volume":"556","author":"YH Zhang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhang YH, Tang BS, Song CY, Xu Q, Lou MX, Liu ZH, Yu RH, Yan XX, Guo JF (2013) The relationship between the phenotype of Parkinson\u2019s disease and levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Neurosci Lett 556:109\u2013112","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neural Transmission"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00702-018-1900-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00702-018-1900-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00702-018-1900-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]],"date-time":"2020-11-04T18:37:01Z","timestamp":1604515021000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00702-018-1900-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,3]]},"references-count":110,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1900"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00702-018-1900-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9564","1435-1463"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9564","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-1463","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 March 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 June 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 July 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Drs. Frei, Tran, and Vo have no conflicts of interest to declare. Daniel Truong reports research Grants from Ipsen, Merz, Auspex, Daiichi Sankyo Pharma, AbbVie, National Institute of Neurological Disorders, and Stroke, Kyowa, Neurocrine, Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, Acadia, Accorda, Cynapsus, Neuroderm, Prexton Therapeutics, and Intec. He reports receiving honoraria from Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Adamas Pharmaceuticals, Revance Therapeutics, and US WorldMeds.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}