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Altered methylation of the monoamine oxidase A (<jats:italic>MAOA<\/jats:italic>) gene has been implicated in the etiology of both PD and MDD. The Kr\u00fcppel-like factor 11 (KLF11; alias TIEG2), an activating transcription factor of the <jats:italic>MAOA<\/jats:italic> gene, has been found to be increased in MDD, but has not yet been investigated in PD. In an effort to further delineate the effects of the KLF11\u2013MAOA pathway in anxiety and affective disorders, <jats:italic>KLF11<\/jats:italic> promoter methylation was analyzed via pyrosequencing of sodium bisulfite-treated DNA isolated from human peripheral blood in two independent samples of PD patients with or without comorbid MDD in a case\u2013control design (sample 1: <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009120) as well as MDD patients with and without anxious depression (sample 2: <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009170). Additionally, in sample 1, <jats:italic>KLF11<\/jats:italic> methylation was correlated with Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) scores. No overall association of <jats:italic>KLF11<\/jats:italic> promoter methylation with PD was detected. However, PD patients with comorbid MDD showed significant hypomethylation relative to both healthy controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.010) and PD patients without comorbid MDD (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008). Furthermore, <jats:italic>KLF11<\/jats:italic> methylation was negatively correlated with BDI-II scores in PD patients (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.013). MDD patients without anxious features showed nominally decreased <jats:italic>KLF11<\/jats:italic> methylation in comparison to MDD patients with anxious depression (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.052). The present results suggest <jats:italic>KLF11<\/jats:italic> promoter hypomethylation as a potential epigenetic marker of MDD comorbidity in PD or of non-anxious depression, respectively, possibly constituting a differential pathomechanism in anxiety and mood disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-020-02216-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,10]],"date-time":"2020-06-10T15:03:57Z","timestamp":1591801437000},"page":"1539-1546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["DNA hypomethylation of the Kr\u00fcppel-like factor 11 (KLF11) gene promoter: a putative biomarker of depression comorbidity in panic disorder and of non-anxious depression?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Leonie","family":"Kollert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miriam A.","family":"Schiele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Thiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Menke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Deckert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2550-9132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharina","family":"Domschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2216_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 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Steering Committee Neurosciences. AM has received speaker honoraria from Vivantes AVK, MEDICE, Recordati and Servier. JD reports funding by the EU to P1vital and the Bavarian State Government to BioVariance. All other authors report no potential conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the ethics committee of the University of W\u00fcrzburg, Germany, and was conducted according to the ethical principles of the Helsinki Declaration.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}]}}