{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T02:14:57Z","timestamp":1784945697646,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":132,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]],"date-time":"2020-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595894400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]],"date-time":"2020-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Projekt DEAL"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neural Transm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>While there is abounding literature on virus-induced pathology in general and coronavirus in particular, recent evidence accumulates showing distinct and deleterious brain affection. As the respiratory tract connects to the brain without protection of the blood\u2013brain barrier, SARS-CoV-2 might in the early invasive phase attack the cardiorespiratory centres located in the medulla\/pons areas, giving rise to disturbances of respiration and cardiac problems. Furthermore, brainstem regions are at risk to lose their functional integrity. Therefore, long-term neurological as well as psychiatric symptomatology and eventual respective disorders cannot be excluded as evidenced from influenza-A triggered post-encephalitic Parkinsonism and HIV-1 triggered AIDS\u2013dementia complex. From the available evidences for coronavirus-induced brain pathology, this review concludes a number of unmet needs for further research strategies like human postmortem brain analyses. SARS-CoV-2 mirroring experimental animal brain studies, characterization of time-dependent and region-dependent spreading behaviours of coronaviruses, enlightening of pathological mechanisms after coronavirus infection using long-term animal models and clinical observations of patients having had COVID-19 infection are calling to develop both protective strategies and drug discoveries to avoid early and late coronavirus-induced functional brain disturbances, symptoms and eventually disorders. To fight SARS-CoV-2, it is an urgent need to enforce clinical, molecular biological, neurochemical and genetic research including brain-related studies on a worldwide harmonized basis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-020-02230-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]],"date-time":"2020-07-28T14:03:07Z","timestamp":1595944987000},"page":"1217-1228","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Coronaviruses: a challenge of today and a call for extended human postmortem brain analyses"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Riederer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"ter Meulen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2230_CR501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2009.03225.x","volume":"129","author":"S Amor","year":"2010","unstructured":"Amor S, Puentes F, Baker D, van der Valk P (2010) Inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Immunology 129(2):154\u2013169","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2230_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2109","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2109","volume":"30","author":"G Anderson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Anderson G, Reiter RJ (2020) Melatonin: roles in influenza, Covid-19, and other viral infections. Rev Med Virol 30(3):e2109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rmv.2109 (Epub 2020 Apr 21)","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2230_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-015-0720-y","volume":"43","author":"YM Arabi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Arabi YM, Harthi A, Hussein J, Bouchama A, Johani S, Hajeer AH, Saeed BT, Wahbi A, Saedy A, AlDabbagh T, Okaili R, Sadat M, Balkhy H (2015) Severe neurologic syndrome associated with Middle East respiratory syndrome corona virus (MERS-CoV). Infection 43(4):495\u2013501","journal-title":"Infection"},{"issue":"4","key":"2230_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3326","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.4.3326-3337.1999","volume":"73","author":"N Arbour","year":"1999","unstructured":"Arbour N, Ekand\u00e9 S, C\u00f4t\u00e9 G, Lachance C, Chagnon F, Tardieu M, Cashman NR, Talbot PJ (1999a) Persistent infection of human oligodendrocytic and neuroglial cell lines by human coronavirus 229E. J Virol 73(4):3326\u20133337","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2230_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3338","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.4.3338-3350.1999","volume":"73","author":"N Arbour","year":"1999","unstructured":"Arbour N, C\u00f4t\u00e9 G, Lachance C, Tardieu M, Cashman NR, Talbot PJ (1999b) Acute and persistent infection of human neural cell lines by human coronavirus OC43. J Virol 73(4):3338\u20133350","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"19","key":"2230_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8913","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.19.8913-8921.2000","volume":"74","author":"N Arbour","year":"2000","unstructured":"Arbour N, Day R, Newcombe J, Talbot PJ (2000 ) Neuroinvasion by human respiratory coronaviruses. J Virol 74(19):8913\u20138921","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2230_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.013","volume":"14","author":"M Bansal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bansal M (2020) Cardiovascular disease and COVID-19. Diabetes Metab Syndr 14(3):247\u2013250","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2230_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1136(199701)19:1<1::AID-GLIA1>3.0.CO;2-5","volume":"19","author":"V Barac-Latas","year":"1997","unstructured":"Barac-Latas V, Suchanek G, Breitschopf H, Stuehler A, Wege H, Lassmann H (1997) Patterns of oligodendrocyte pathology in coronavirus-induced subacute demyelinating encephalomyelitis in the Lewis rat. Glia 19(1):1\u201312","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"2230_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14273","author":"A Beltr\u00e1n-Corbellini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Beltr\u00e1n-Corbellini A, Chico-Garc\u00eda JL, Mart\u00ednez-Poles J, Rodr\u00edguez-Jorge F, Natera-Villalba E, G\u00f3mez-Corral J, G\u00f3mez-L\u00f3pez A, Monreal E et al (2020) Acute-onset smell and taste disorders in the context of Covid-19: a pilot multicenter PCR-based case-control study. Eur J Neurol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ene.14273","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2230_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00386","volume":"26","author":"K Bohmwald","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bohmwald K, G\u00e1lvez NMS, R\u00edos M, Kalergis AM (2018) Neurologic alterations due to respiratory virus infections. Front Cell Neurosci 26(12):386","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2230_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.71.1.800-806.1997","volume":"71","author":"A Bonavia","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bonavia A, Arbour N, Yong VW, Talbot PJ (1997) Infection of primary cultures of human neural cells by human coronaviruses 229E and OC43. J Virol 71(1):800\u2013806","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2230_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.1105","author":"RO Bonow","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bonow RO, Fonarow GC, O'Gara PT, Yancy CW (2020) Association of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with myocardial injury and mortality. JAMA Cardiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.1105 (Online ahead of print)","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"2230_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14302","author":"J Bousquet","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bousquet J, Akdis C, Jutel M, Bachert C, Klimek L, Agache I, Ansotegui IJ, Bedbrook A, Bosnic-Anticevich S, Canonica GW, Chivato T, Cruz AA, Czarlewski W, Del Giacco S, Du H, Fonseca JA, Gao Y, Haahtela T, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, Ivancevich JC, Khaltaev N, Knol EF, Kuna P, Larenas-Linnemann D, Mullol J, Naclerio R, Ohta K, Okamoto Y, O'Mahony L, Onorato GL, Papadopoulos NG, Pfaar O, Samolinski B, Schwarze J, Toppila-Salmi S, Teresa Ventura M, Valiulis A, Yorgancioglu A, Zuberbier T, ARIA-MASK study group (2020) Intranasal corticosteroids in allergic rhinitis in COVID-19 infected patients: An ARIA-EAACI statement. Allergy. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/all.14302 [Epub ahead of print]","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"23","key":"2230_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12464","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.05576-11","volume":"85","author":"E Brison","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brison E, Jacomy H, Desforges M, Talbot PJ (2011) Glutamate excitotoxicity is involved in the induction of paralysis in mice after infection by a human coronavirus with a single point mutation in its spike protein. J Virol 85(23):12464\u201312473","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2230_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02972-13","volume":"88","author":"E Brison","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brison E, Jacomy H, Desforges M, Talbot PJ (2014) Novel treatment with neuroprotective and antiviral properties against a neuroinvasive human respiratory virus. J Virol 88(3):1548\u20131563. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JVI.02972-13","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2230_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901700305","volume":"170","author":"RD Broadwell","year":"1976","unstructured":"Broadwell RD, Jacobowitz DM (1976) Olfactory relationships of the telencephalon and diencephalon in the rabbit. III. The ipsilateral centrifugal fibers to the olfactory bulbar and retrobulbar formations. J Comp Neurol 170(3):321\u2013345","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"4459","key":"2230_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7403860","volume":"209","author":"JS Burks","year":"1980","unstructured":"Burks JS, DeVald BL, Jankovsky LD, Gerdes JC (1980) Two coronaviruses isolated from central nervous system tissue of two multiple sclerosis patients. Science 209(4459):933\u2013934. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.7403860","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2230_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.04.040","author":"MJ Butler","year":"2020","unstructured":"Butler MJ, Barrientos RM (2020) The impact of nutrition on COVID-19 susceptibility and long-term consequences. Brain Behav Immun. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.04.040 (Epub ahead of print)","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"9","key":"2230_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00172","volume":"11","author":"R Butowt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Butowt R, Bilinska K (2020) SARS-CoV-2: olfaction, brain infection, and the urgent need for clinical samples allowing earlier virus detection. ACS Chem Neurosci 11(9):1200\u20131203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00172","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2230_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2781","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_202003_20551","volume":"24","author":"M Ceccarelli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ceccarelli M, Berretta M, Venanzi Rullo E, Nunnari G, Cacopardo B (2020) Differences and similarities between Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-CoronaVirus (CoV) and SARS-CoV-2. Would a rose by another name smell as sweet? Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 24(5):2781\u20132783. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26355\/eurrev_202003_20551 (No abstract available. PMID:32196628)","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"2230_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7095","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.11.7095-7103.2005","volume":"79","author":"L Chen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chen L, Gui C, Luo X, Yang Q, G\u00fcnther S, Scandella E, Drosten C, Bai D, He X, Ludewig B, Chen J, Luo H, Yang Y, Yang Y, Zou J, Thiel V, Chen K, Shen J, Shen X, Jiang H (2005) Cinanserin is an inhibitor of the 3C-like proteinase of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and strongly reduces virus replication in vitro. J Virol 79(11):7095\u20137103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JVI.79.11.7095-7103.2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2230_CR25","first-page":"105","volume":"20","author":"A Cristallo","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cristallo A, Gambaro F, Biamonti G, Ferrante P, Battaglia M, Cereda PM (1997) Human coronavirus polyadenylated rna sequences in cerebrospinal fluid from multiple sclerosis patients. New Microbiol 20(2):105\u2013114","journal-title":"New Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2230_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.04.019","volume":"14","author":"E Cure","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cure E, Cumhur CM (2020) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may be harmful in patients with diabetes during COVID-19 pandemic. Diabetes Metab Syndr 14(4):349\u2013350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.04.019","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2230_CR27","first-page":"85","volume":"101","author":"S Czub","year":"2001","unstructured":"Czub S, Koutsilieri E, Sopper S, Czub M, Stahl-Hennig C, M\u00fcller JG, Pedersen V, Gsell W, Heeney JL, Gerlach M, Gosztonyi G, Riederer P, ter Meulen V (2001) Enhancement of central nervous system pathology in early simian immunodeficiency virus infection by dopaminergic drugs. Acta Neuropathol 101(2):85\u201391","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2230_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1684\/vir.2014.0544","volume":"18","author":"M Desforges","year":"2014","unstructured":"Desforges M, Le Coupanec A, Brison \u00c9, Meessen-Pinard M, Talbot PJ (2014) Human respiratory coronaviruses : neuroinvasive, neurotropic and potentially neurovirulent pathogens. Virologie (Montrouge) 18(1):5\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1684\/vir.2014.0544","journal-title":"Virologie (Montrouge)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2230_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010000331","volume":"101","author":"RB Dessau","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dessau RB, Lisby G, Frederiksen JL (2001) Coronaviruses in brain tissue from patients with multiple sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol 101(6):601\u2013604","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"41","key":"2230_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10330","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2644-08.2008","volume":"28","author":"S Do Carmo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Do Carmo S, Jacomy H, Talbot PF, Rassart E (2008) Neuroprotective effect of apolipoprotein D against human coronavirus OC43-induced encephalitis in mice. J Neurosci 28(41):10330\u201310338","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2230_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-1280-2_46","volume":"218","author":"R D\u00f6rries","year":"1987","unstructured":"D\u00f6rries R, Watanabe R, Wege H, ter Meulen V (1987a) Intrathecal humoral immune response in coronavirus induced encephalomyelitis of Lewis and BN rats. Adv Exp Med Biol 218:373\u2013381","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2230_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(87)90017-8","volume":"14","author":"R D\u00f6rries","year":"1987","unstructured":"D\u00f6rries R, Watanabe R, Wege H, ter Meulen V (1987b) Analysis of the intrathecal humoral immune response in Brown Norway (BN) rats, infected with the murine coronavirus JHM. J Neuroimmunol 14(3):305\u2013316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0165-5728(87)90017-8","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"2230_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.01.052","volume":"111","author":"MVP Dos Santos Nascimento","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dos Santos Nascimento MVP, Mattar Munhoz AC, De Campos Facchin BM, Fratoni E, Rossa TA, Mandolesi S\u00e1 M, Campa CC, Ciraolo E, Hirsch E, Dalmarco EM (2019) New pre-clinical evidence of anti-inflammatory effect and safety of a substituted fluorophenyl imidazole. Biomed Pharmacother 111:1399\u20131407","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"2230_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2020.0271","volume":"117","author":"M Dreher","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dreher M, Kersten A, Bickenbach J, Balfanz P, Hartmann B, Cornelissen C, Daher A, St\u00f6hr R, Kleines M, Lemmen SW, Brokmann JC, M\u00fcller T, M\u00fcller-Wieland D, Marx G, Nikolaus M (2020) Charakteristik von 50 hospitalisierten COVID-19-Patienten mit und ohne ARDS (The characteristics of 50 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with and without ARDS). Dtsch Arztebl Int 117:271\u2013278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3238\/arztebl.2020.0271","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"issue":"18","key":"2230_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.03.031","volume":"75","author":"E Driggin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Driggin E, Madhavan MV, Bikdeli B, Chuich T, Laracy J, Biondi-Zoccai G, Brown TS, Der Nigoghossian C, Zidar DA, Haythe J, Brodie D, Beckman JA, Kirtane AJ, Stone GW, Krumholz HM, Parikh SA (2020) Cardiovascular considerations for patients, health care workers, and health systems during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Am Coll Cardiol 75(18):2352\u20132371","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2230_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(00)00266-6","volume":"108","author":"JA Edwards","year":"2000","unstructured":"Edwards JA, Denis F, Talbot PJ (2000) Activation of glial cells by human coronavirus OC43. Infect J Neuroimmunol 108(1\u20132):73\u201381","journal-title":"Infect J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"2230_CR42","first-page":"75","volume":"19","author":"TS Elizan","year":"1983","unstructured":"Elizan TS, Casals J (1983) The viral hypothesis in Parkinsonism. J Neural Transm Suppl 19:75\u201388","journal-title":"J Neural Transm Suppl"},{"issue":"9","key":"2230_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1979.00500450023002","volume":"36","author":"TS Elizan","year":"1979","unstructured":"Elizan TS, Madden DL, Noble GR, Herrmann KL, Gardner J, Schwartz J, Smith H Jr, Sever JL, Yahr MD (1979) Viral antibodies in serum and CSF of Parkinsonian patients and controls. Arch Neurol 36(9):529\u2013534","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"2230_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-323667","author":"M Ellul","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ellul M, Varatharaj A, Nicholson TR, Pollak TA, Thomas N, Easton A, Zandi MS, Manji H, Solomon T, Carson A, Turner MR, Kneen R, Galea I, Pett S, Thomas RH, Michael BD, Committee CS (2020) Defining causality in COVID-19 and neurological disorders. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2020-323667","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"2230_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870070210","volume":"7","author":"E Fazzini","year":"1992","unstructured":"Fazzini E, Fleming J, Fahn S (1992) Cerebrospinal fluid antibodies to coronavirus in patients with Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 7(2):153\u2013158","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"2230_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-008-0161-1","volume":"116","author":"PB Foley","year":"2009","unstructured":"Foley PB (2009) Encephalitis lethargica and influenza. I. The role of the influenza virus in the influenza pandemic of 1918\/1919. J Neural Transm 116(2):143\u2013150","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"issue":"4","key":"2230_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1974.00490400042003","volume":"31","author":"ET Gamboa","year":"1974","unstructured":"Gamboa ET, Wolf A, Yahr MD, Harter DH, Duffy PE, Barden H, Hsu KC (1974) Influenza virus antigen in postencephalitic parkinsonism brain. Detection by immunofluorescence. Arch Neurol 31(4):228\u2013232","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"2230_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00217","author":"S Gandhi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gandhi S, Srivastava AK, Ray U, Tripathi PP (2020) Is the collapse of the respiratory center in the brain responsible for respiratory breakdown in COVID-19 patients? ACS Chem Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00217","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2230_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22809","volume":"28","author":"JF Gautier","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gautier JF, Ravussin Y (2020) A new symptom of COVID-19: loss of taste and smell. Obesity (Silver Spring) 28(5):848. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/oby.22809 (Epub 2020 Apr 1)","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2230_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12871","volume":"30","author":"M Glatzel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Glatzel M (2020) Neuropathology of COVID-19: where are the neuropathologists? Brain Pathol 30:729","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"2230_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01610-2020","author":"S Hasanagic","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hasanagic S, Serdarevic F (2020) Potential role of memantine in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19: its antagonism of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and beyond. Eur Respir J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.01610-2020 (Epub ahead of print)","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"6","key":"2230_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2007.00874.x","volume":"33","author":"CH Hawkes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hawkes CH, Del Tredici K, Braak H (2007) Parkinson's disease: a dual-hit hypothesis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 33(6):599\u2013614","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2230_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-202038","volume":"10","author":"RC Helmich","year":"2020","unstructured":"Helmich RC, Bloem BR (2020) The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Parkinson's disease: hidden sorrows and emerging opportunities. J Parkinsons Dis 10(2):351\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JPD-202038","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"issue":"23","key":"2230_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2008597","volume":"382","author":"J Helms","year":"2020","unstructured":"Helms J, Kremer S, Merdji H, Clere-Jehl R, Schenck M, Kummerlen C, Collange O, Boulay C, Fafi-Kremer S, Ohana M, Anheim M, Meziani F (2020) Neurologic features in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. N Engl J Med 382(23):2268\u20132270","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2230_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-020-00818-9","volume":"11","author":"DC Hess","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hess DC, Eldahshan W, Rutkowski E (2020) COVID-19-related stroke. Transl Stroke Res 11:322\u2013325","journal-title":"Transl Stroke Res"},{"key":"2230_CR59","unstructured":"Huber J (2020) How viruses like the coronavirus can steal our sense of smell. scopeblog.stanford.edu"},{"issue":"12","key":"2230_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2003.025437","volume":"49","author":"ECW Hung","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hung ECW, Chim SSC, Chan PKS, Tong YK, Ng EKO, Chiu RWK, Leung CB, Sung JJY, Tam JS, Lo YMD (2003) Detection of SARS coronavirus RNA in the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome. Clin Chem 49(12):2108\u20132109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/clinchem.2003.025437","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"2230_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010051139","volume":"99","author":"K Itoh","year":"2000","unstructured":"Itoh K, Mehraein P, Weis S (2000) Neuronal damage of the substantia nigra in HIV-1 infected brains. Acta Neuropathol 99(4):376\u2013384","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2230_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6822(03)00323-4","volume":"315","author":"H Jacomy","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jacomy H, Talbot P (2003) Vacuolating encephalitis in mice infected by human coronavirus OC43. J Virol 315(1):20\u201333","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2230_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2006.01.049","volume":"349","author":"H Jacomy","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jacomy H, Fragoso G, Almazan G, Mushynski WE, Talbot P (2006) Human coronavirus OC43 infection induces chronic encephalitis leading to disabilities in BALB\/C mice. J Virol 349(2):335\u2013346","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2230_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5123-11.2012","volume":"32","author":"H Jang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jang H, Boltz D, McClaren J, Pani AK, Smeyne M, Korff A, Webster R, Smeyne RJ (2012) Inflammatory effects of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus infection in the CNS of mice. J Neurosci 32(5):1545\u20131559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5123-11.2012","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"11","key":"2230_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/60.11.1121","volume":"60","author":"KA Jellinger","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jellinger KA (2001) Influenza RNA not detected in archival brain tissues from acute encephalitis lethargica cases or in postencephalitic Parkinson cases. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 60(11):1121\u20131122","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2230_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1124\/molpharm.120.000014","volume":"97","author":"N Kabbani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kabbani N, Olds JL (2020) Does COVID19 infect the brain? If so, smokers might be at a higher risk. Mol Pharmacol 97(5):351\u2013353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/molpharm.120.000014 (Epub 2020 Apr 1)","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2230_CR500","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4219","volume":"19","author":"V Kapoor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kapoor V, Provost AC, Agarwal P, Murthy VN (2016) Activation of raphe nuclei triggers rapid and distinct effects on parallel olfactory bulb output\nchannels. Nat Neurosci 19(2):271\u2013282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nn.4219","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2230_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP2485","volume":"23","author":"AJ Kesel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kesel AJ, WeissHC SA, Day CW, Barnard DL, Detorio MA, Schinazi RF (2013) Antiviral agents derived from 1-adamantyl singlet nitrenes. Antiviral Chem Chemother 23:113\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3851\/IMP2485","journal-title":"Antiviral Chem Chemother"},{"issue":"19","key":"2230_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3625","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-018-2815-y","volume":"75","author":"F Klempin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Klempin F, Mosienko V, Matthes S, Villela DC, Todiras M, Penninger JM, Bader M, Santos RAS, Alenina N (2018) Depletion of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 reduces brain serotonin and impairs the running-induced neurogenic response. Cell Mol Life Sci 75(19):3625\u20133634","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2230_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(89)90384-1","volume":"166","author":"J Kornhuber","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kornhuber J, Bormann J, Retz W, H\u00fcbers M, Riederer P (1989) Memantine displaces [3H]MK-801 at therapeutic concentrations in postmortem human frontal cortex. Eur J Pharmacol 166(3):589\u2013590. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0014-2999(89)90384-1","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2230_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/0922-4106(91)90113-v","volume":"206","author":"J Kornhuber","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kornhuber J, Bormann J, H\u00fcbers M, Rusche K, Riederer P (1991) Effects of the 1-amino-adamantanes at the MK-801-binding site of the NMDA-receptor-gated ion channel: a human postmortem brain study. Eur J Pharmacol 206(4):297\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0922-4106(91)90113-v","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2230_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1007\/s007020170051","volume":"108","author":"E Koutsilieri","year":"2001","unstructured":"Koutsilieri E, ter Meulen V, Riederer P (2001a) Neurotransmission in HIV associated dementia: a short review. J Neural Transm 108(6):767\u2013775","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2230_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00874-8","volume":"411","author":"E Koutsilieri","year":"2001","unstructured":"Koutsilieri E, Scheller C, Sopper S, G\u00f6tz ME, Gerlach M, Meulen V, Riederer P (2001b) Selegiline completely restores choline acetyltransferase activity deficits in simian immunodeficiency infection. Eur J Pharmacol 411(1\u20132):R1\u2013R2","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"2230_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1007\/s007020200063","volume":"109","author":"E Koutsilieri","year":"2002","unstructured":"Koutsilieri E, Sopper S, Scheller C, ter Meulen V, Riederer P (2002a) Parkinsonism in HIV dementia. J Neural Transm 109:767\u2013775","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"issue":"3","key":"2230_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s007020200032","volume":"109","author":"E Koutsilieri","year":"2002","unstructured":"Koutsilieri E, Sopper S, Scheller C, ter Meulen V, Riederer P (2002b) Involvement of dopamine in the progression of AIDS Dementia Complex. J Neural Transm 109(3):399\u2013410","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2230_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-813X(03)00105-0","volume":"25","author":"E Koutsilieri","year":"2004","unstructured":"Koutsilieri E, Scheller C, ter Meulen V, Riederer P (2004) Monoamine oxidase inhibition and CNS immunodeficiency infection. Neurotoxicology 25(1\u20132):267\u2013270","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"2230_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-05968-y","author":"J Krajewska","year":"2020","unstructured":"Krajewska J, Krajewski W, Zub K, Zato\u0144ski T (2020) COVID-19 in otolaryngologist practice: a review of current knowledge. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-020-05968-y","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2230_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3109\/13550289909029745","volume":"5","author":"TE Lane","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lane TE, Fox HS, Buchmeier MJ (1999) Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase-2 reduces the severity of mouse hepatitis virus-induced demyelination: implications for NOS2\/NO regulation of chemokine expression and inflammation. J Neurovirol 5(1):48\u201354","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2230_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1002.030638","volume":"10","author":"KK Lau","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lau KK, Yu WC, Chu CM, Lau ST, Sheng B, Yuen KY (2004) Possible central nervous system infection by SARS coronavirus. Emerg Infect Dis 10(2):342\u2013344","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2230_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-05965-1","author":"JR Lechien","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lechien JR, Chiesa-Estomba CM, De Siati DR, Horoi M, Le Bon SD, Rodriguez A, Dequanter D, Blecic S, El Afia F, Distinguin L, Chekkoury-Idrissi Y, Hans S, Delgado IL, Calvo-Henriquez C, Lavigne P, Falanga C, Barillari MR, Cammaroto G, Khalife M, Leich P, Souchay C, Rossi C, Journe F, Hsieh J, Edjlali M, Carlier R, Ris L, Lovato A, De Filippis C, Coppee F, Fakhry N, Ayad T, Saussez S (2020) Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-020-05965-1","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"2230_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-2996-5_19","volume":"342","author":"JL Leibowitz","year":"1993","unstructured":"Leibowitz JL, Reneker SJ (1993) The effect of amantadine on mouse hepatitis virus replication. Adv Exp Med Biol 342:117\u2013122","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2230_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-020-01626-9","volume":"109","author":"B Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li B, Yang J, Zhao F, Zhi L, Wang X, Liu L, Bi Z, Zhao Y (2020a) Prevalence and impact of cardiovascular metabolic diseases on COVID-19 in China. Clin Res Cardiol 109(5):531\u2013538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00392-020-01626-9","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"key":"2230_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25728","author":"YC Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li YC, Bai WZ, Hashikawa T (2020b) The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients. J Med Virol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.25728 (Epub ahead of print)","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2230_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25938","author":"L Loffredo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Loffredo L, Pacella F, Pacella E, Tiscione G, Oliva A, Violi F (2020) Conjunctivitis and COVID-19: a meta-analysis. J Med Virol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.25938 (Epub ahead of print)","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2230_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.04.048","author":"B Long","year":"2020","unstructured":"Long B, Brady WJ, Koyfman A, Gottlieb M (2020) Cardiovascular complications in COVID-19. Am J Emerg Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.04.048","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2230_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145561320920762","author":"A Lovato","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lovato A, de Filippis C (2020) Clinical presentation of COVID-19: a systematic review focusing on upper airway symptoms. Ear Nose Throat J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0145561320920762","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"2230_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102556","author":"G Lucchese","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lucchese G, Fl\u00f6el A (2020) Molecular mimicry between SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory pacemaker neurons. Autoimmun Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102556 (Online ahead of print)","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"2230_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005176","volume":"90","author":"B Lutters","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lutters B, Foley P, Koehler PJ (2018) The centennial lesson of encephalitis lethargica. Neurology 90(12):563\u2013567","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2230_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.1127","author":"L Mao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mao L, Jin H, Wang M, Hu Y, Chen S, He Q, Chang J, Hong C, Zhou Y, Wang D, Miao X, Li Y, Hu B (2020) Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Neurol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.1127","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2230_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1977.00500140053010","volume":"34","author":"RJ Marttila","year":"1977","unstructured":"Marttila RJ, Halonen P, Rinne UK (1977) Influenza virus antibodies in Parkinsonism. Comparison of postencephalic and idiopathic Parkinson patients and matched controls. Arch Neurol 34(2):99\u2013100","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2230_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrl.2020.03.001","volume":"35","author":"J Mat\u00edas-Guiu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mat\u00edas-Guiu J, Gomez-Pinedo U, Montero-Escribano P, Gomez-Iglesias P, Porta-Etessam J, Matias-Guiu JA (2020) Should we expect neurological symptoms in the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic? Neurologia 35(3):170\u2013175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nrl.2020.03.001 (Epub 2020 Apr 6)","journal-title":"Neurologia"},{"issue":"7","key":"2230_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/60.7.696","volume":"60","author":"S McCall","year":"2001","unstructured":"McCall S, Henry JM, Reid AH, Taubenberger JK (2001) Infl uenza RNA not detected in archival brain tissues from acute encephalitis lethargica cases or in postencephalitic Parkinson cases. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 60(7):696\u2013704","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2230_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2228","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301615","volume":"33","author":"F Meisner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Meisner F, Scheller C, Kneitz S, Sopper S, Neuen-Jacob E, Riederer P, ter Meulen V, Koutsilieri E, German Competence Network HIV\/AIDS (2008) Memantine upregulates BDNF and prevents dopamine deficits in SIV-infected macaques: a novel pharmacological action of memantine. Neuropsychopharmacology 33(9):2228\u20132236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.npp.1301615 (Epub 2007 Oct 31)","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2230_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1159\/000052149","volume":"45","author":"M Mihara","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mihara M, Utsugisawa K, Konno S, Tohgi H (2001) Isolated lesions limited to the bilateral substantia nigra on MRI associated with influenza A infection. Eur Neurol 45(4):290\u2013291","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"2230_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22587","author":"ST Moein","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moein ST, Hashemian SMR, Mansourafshar B, Khorram-Tousi A, Tabarsi P, Doty RL (2020) Smell dysfunction: a biomarker for COVID-19. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alr.22587 (Epub ahead of print)","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2230_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-11-37","volume":"24","author":"H Moldofsky","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moldofsky H, Patcai J (2011) Chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, depression and disordered sleep in chronic post-SARS syndrome; a case-controlled study. BMC Neurol 24(11):37. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2377-11-37","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2230_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410310511","volume":"31","author":"RS Murray","year":"1992","unstructured":"Murray RS, Brown B, Brian D, Cabirac GF (1992) Detection of coronavirus RNA and antigen in multiple sclerosis brain. Ann Neurol 31(5):525\u2013533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.410310511","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2230_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-2514-7_28","volume":"100","author":"K Nagashima","year":"1978","unstructured":"Nagashima K, Wege H, ter Meulen V (1978a) Early and late CNS-effects of corona virus infection in rats. Adv Exp Med Biol 100:395\u2013409","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2230_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00691641","volume":"44","author":"K Nagashima","year":"1978","unstructured":"Nagashima K, Wege H, Meyermann R, ter Meulen V (1978b) Corona virus induced subacute demyelinating encephalomyelitis in rats: a morphological analysis. Acta Neuropathol. 44(1):63\u201370","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2230_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00702672","volume":"45","author":"K Nagashima","year":"1979","unstructured":"Nagashima K, Wege H, Meyermann R, ter Meulen V (1979) Demyelinating encephalomyelitis induced by a long-term corona virus infection in rats: a preliminary report. Acta Neuropathol 45(3):205\u2013213","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"2230_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25826","author":"S Nataf","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nataf S (2020) An alteration of the dopamine synthetic pathway is possibly involved in the pathophysiology of COVID-19. J Med Virol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.25826 (Epub ahead of print)","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2230_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-200537","author":"SX Naughton","year":"2020","unstructured":"Naughton SX, Raval U, Pasinetti GM (2020) Potential novel role of COVID-19 in Alzheimer's disease and preventative mitigation strategies. J Alzheimers Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-200537","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"15","key":"2230_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7264","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00737-08","volume":"82","author":"J Netland","year":"2008","unstructured":"Netland J, Meyerholz DK, Moore S, Cassell M, Perlman S (2008) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection causes neuronal death in the absence of encephalitis in mice transgenic for human ACE2. J Virol 82(15):7264\u20137275","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2230_CR109","first-page":"307","volume-title":"Movement disorders: neurologic principles and practice","author":"P Nisipeanu","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nisipeanu P, Paleacu D, Korczyn AD (1997) Infectious and postinfectious parkinsonism. In: Watts RL, Koller WC (eds) Movement disorders: neurologic principles and practice. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 307\u2013313"},{"issue":"12","key":"2230_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-12-116","volume":"15","author":"U Oberl\u00e4nder","year":"2011","unstructured":"Oberl\u00e4nder U, Pletinckx K, D\u00f6hler A, M\u00fcller N, Lutz MB, Arzberger T, Riederer P, Gerlach M, Koutsilieri E, Scheller C (2011) Neuromelanin is an immune stimulator for dendritic cells in vitro. BMC Neurosci 15(12):116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2202-12-116","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2230_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3109\/13550289709015791","volume":"3","author":"KR Oliver","year":"1997","unstructured":"Oliver KR, Scallan MF, Dyson H, Fazakerley JK (1997a) Susceptibility to a neurotropic virus and its changing distribution in the developing brain is a function of CNS maturity. J Neurovirol 3(1):38\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/13550289709015791","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2230_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.09-05-01701.1989","volume":"9","author":"JW Olney","year":"1989","unstructured":"Olney JW, Ikonomidou C, Mosinger JL, Frierdich GJ (1989) MK-801 prevents hypobaric-ischemic neuronal degeneration in infant rat brain. Neurosci 9(5):1701\u20131704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.09-05-01701.1989","journal-title":"Neurosci"},{"key":"2230_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa240","author":"RW Paterson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Paterson RW, Brown RL, Benjamin L, Nortley R, Wiethoff S, Bharucha T, Jayaseelan DL, Kumar G, Raftopoulos RE, Zambreanu L, Vivekanandam V, Khoo A, Geraldes R, Chinthapalli K, Boyd E, Tuzlali H, Price G, Christofi G, Morrow J, McNamara P, McLoughlin B, Lim ST, Mehta PR, Levee V, Keddie S, Yong W, Trip SA, Foulkes AJM, Hotton G, Miller TD, Everitt AD, Carswell C, Davies NWS, Yoong M, Attwell D, Sreedharan J, Silber E, Schott JM, Chandratheva A, Perry RJ, Simister R, Checkley A, Longley N, Farmer SF, Carletti F, Houlihan C, Thom M, Lunn MP, Spillane J, Howard R, Vincent A, Werring DJ, Hoskote C, J\u00e4ger HR, Manji H, Zandi MS, UCL Queen Square National Hospital for Neurology, and Neurosurgery COVID-19 Study Group (2020) The emerging spectrum of COVID-19 neurology: clinical, radiological and laboratory findings. Brain. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awaa240","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2230_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00565","volume":"11","author":"RT Pinzon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pinzon RT, Ongko Wijaya V, Buana RB, Al Jody A, Nalla Nunsio P (2020) Neurologic characteristics in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol 11:565. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2020.00565 (eCollection 2020)","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"2230_CR117","first-page":"201187","volume":"31","author":"N Poyiadji","year":"2020","unstructured":"Poyiadji N, Shahin G, Noujaim D, Stone M, Patel S, Griffith B (2020) COVID-19-associated acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy: CT and MRI features. Radiology 31:201187","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2230_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-020-02166-2","volume":"140","author":"RR Reichard","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reichard RR, Kashani KB, Boire NA, Constantopoulos E, Guo Y, Lucchinetti CF (2020) Neuropathology of COVID-19: a spectrum of vascular and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)-like pathology. Acta Neuropathol 140:1\u20136","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"2230_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13594","author":"K Roe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Roe K (2020) Explanation for COVID-19 infection neurological damage and reactivations. Transbound Emerg Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tbed.13594 (Online ahead of print)","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"2230_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30203-0","volume":"7","author":"JP Rogers","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rogers JP, Chesney E, Oliver D, Pollak TA, McGuire P, Fusar-Poli P, Zandi MS, Lewis G, David AS (2020) Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations associated with severe coronavirus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis with comparison to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Psychiatry 7(7):611\u2013627","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"2230_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20495","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020495","volume":"6","author":"TT Rohn","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rohn TT, Catlin LW (2011) Immunolocalization of influenza A virus and markers of inflammation in the human Parkinson's disease brain. PLoS One 6(5):e20495","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2230_CR124","unstructured":"Rossman J (2020) Coronavirus: many patients reporting neurological symptoms. https:\/\/www.theconversation.com. Accessed 24 Apr 2020"},{"issue":"13","key":"2230_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4654","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5026-13.2014","volume":"34","author":"M Rothermel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rothermel M, Carey RM, Puche A, Shipley MT, Wachowiak M (2014) Cholinergic inputs from Basal forebrain add an excitatory bias to odor coding in the olfactory bulb. J Neurosci 34(13):4654\u20134664","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2230_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2014.09.003","volume":"29","author":"M Saad","year":"2014","unstructured":"Saad M, Omrani AS, Baig K, Bahloul A, Elzein F, Matin MA, Selim MAA, Al Mutairi M, Al Nakhli D, Al Aidaroos AY, Al Sherbeeni N, Al-Khashan HI, Memish ZA, Albarrak AM (2014) Clinical aspects and outcomes of 70 patients with middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a single-center experience in Saudi Arabia. Int J Infect Dis 29:301\u2013306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2014.09.003 (Epub 2014 Oct 7)","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2230_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.32.3.292","volume":"32","author":"A Salmi","year":"1982","unstructured":"Salmi A, Ziola B, Hovi T, Reunanen M (1982) Antibodies to coronaviruses OC43 and 229E in multiple sclerosis patients. Neurology 32(3):292\u2013295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.32.3.292","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"12","key":"2230_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1007\/s007020070012","volume":"107","author":"C Scheller","year":"2000","unstructured":"Scheller C, Sopper S, Jassoy C, ter Meulen V, Riederer P, Koutsilieri E (2000) Dopamine activates HIV in chronically infected T lymphoblasts. J Neural Transm 107(12):1483\u20131489","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"2230_CR129","first-page":"1","volume":"18","author":"B Schoser","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schoser B, Baum P, Boentert M, Dillmann KU, Emmer A, Knauss S, Enax-Krumova E, Grosskreutz J, G\u00fcttsches AK, Hellwig K, Holzapfel K, Kornblum C, Lehmann H, Melms A, Meyer T, Petri S, Pilgram L, Reiners K, Saak A, Sch\u00e4fer J, Schmidt J, Schneider-Gold C, Schons M, Urban PP, Vorgerd M, Young P, Zierz S (2020) SARS-CoV-2\/COVID-19 und neuromuskul\u00e4re Erkrankungen. DGNeurologie 18:1\u201310","journal-title":"DGNeurologie"},{"issue":"3","key":"2230_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410060314","volume":"6","author":"J Schwartz","year":"1979","unstructured":"Schwartz J, Elizan TS (1979) Search for viral particles and virus-specific products in idiopathic Parkinson disease brain material. Ann Neurol 6(3):261\u2013263","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"42","key":"2230_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10711","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3853-08.2008","volume":"28","author":"SD Shea","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shea SD, Katz LC, Mooney R (2008) Noradrenergic induction of odor-specific neural habituation and olfactory memories. J Neurosci 28(42):10711\u201310719","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2230_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2019373","author":"IH Solomon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Solomon IH, Normandin E, Bhattacharyya S, Mukerji SS, Keller K, Ali AS, Adams G, Hornick JL, Padera RF Jr, Sabeti P (2020) Neuropathological features of Covid-19. N Engl J Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMc2019373","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2230_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.56.2.434-438.1985","volume":"56","author":"O S\u00f6rensen","year":"1985","unstructured":"S\u00f6rensen O, Dales S (1985) In vivo and in vitro models of demyelinating disease: JHM virus in the rat central nervous system localized by in situ cDNA hybridization and immunofluorescent microscopy. J Virol 56(2):434\u2013438","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2230_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6771","author":"G Spinato","year":"2020","unstructured":"Spinato G, Fabbris C, Polesel J, Cazzador D, Borsetto D, Hopkins C, Boscolo-Rizzo P (2020) Alterations in smell or taste in mildly symptomatic outpatients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. JAMA. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.6771 (Epub ahead of print, PMCID:PMC7177631)","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"2230_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(92)90220-j","volume":"191","author":"JN Stewart","year":"1992","unstructured":"Stewart JN, Mounir S, Talbot PJ (1992) Human coronavirus gene expression in the brains of multiple sclerosis patients. Virology 191(1):502\u2013505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0042-6822(92)90220-j","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"2230_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0868-6","volume":"26","author":"W Sungnak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sungnak W, Huang N, B\u00e9cavin C, Berg M, Queen R, Litvinukova M, Talavera-L\u00f3pez C, Maatz H, Reichart D, Sampaziotis F, Worlock KB, Yoshida M, Barnes JL, HCA Lung Biological Network (2020) SARS-CoV-2 entry factors are highly expressed in nasal epithelial cells together with innate immune genes. Nat Med 26:681\u2013687","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2230_CR138","first-page":"91","volume":"86","author":"M Takahashi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Takahashi M, Yamada T (2001) A possible role of influenza A virus infection for Parkinson's disease. Adv Neurol 86:91\u2013104","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2230_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4461","volume":"235","author":"D van Riel","year":"2015","unstructured":"van Riel D, Verdijk R, Kuiken T (2015) The olfactory nerve: a shortcut for influenza and other viral diseases into the central nervous system. J Pathol 235(2):277\u2013287","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"2230_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30287-X","author":"A Varatharaj","year":"2020","unstructured":"Varatharaj A, Thomas N, Ellul MA, Davies NWS, Pollak TA, Tenorio EL, Sultan M, Easton A, Breen G, Zandi M, Coles JP, Manji H, Al-Shahi Salman R, Menon DK, Nicholson TR, Benjamin LA, Carson A, Smith C, Turner MR, Solomon T, Kneen R, Pett SL, Galea I, Thomas RH, Michael BD, CoroNerve Study Group Collaborators (2020) Neurological and neuropsychiatric complications of COVID-19 in 153 patients: a UK-wide surveillance study. Lancet Psychiatry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30287-X","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"2230_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m1470","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1470","volume":"369","author":"P Vetter","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vetter P, Vu DL, L'Huillier AG, Schibler M, Kaiser L, Jacquerioz F (2020) Clinical features of covid-19. BMJ 369:m1470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.m1470","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2230_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31282-4","volume":"395","author":"CH von Weyhern","year":"2020","unstructured":"von Weyhern CH, Kaufmann I, Neff F, Kremer M (2020) Early evidence of pronounced brain involvement in fatal COVID-19 outcomes. Lancet 395:e109","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"2230_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1585","volume":"323","author":"D Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, Wang B, Xiang H, Cheng Z, Xiong Y, Zhao Y, Li Y, Wang X, Peng Z (2020) Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA 323(11):1061\u20131069. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.1585 (Online ahead of print)","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2230_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1973.00490230034003","volume":"28","author":"LP Weiner","year":"1973","unstructured":"Weiner LP (1973) Pathogenesis of demyelination induced by a mouse hepatitis virus (JHM virus). Arch Neurol 28:293\u2013303","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"2230_CR149","first-page":"233","volume":"7","author":"D Wichmann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wichmann D, Sperhake JP, L\u00fctgehetmann M, Steurer S, Edler C, Heinemann A, Heinrich F, Mushumba H, Kniep I, Schr\u00f6der AS, Burdelski C, de Heer G, Nierhaus A, Frings D, Pfefferle S, Becker H, Bredereke-Wiedling H, de Weerth A, Paschen HR, Sheikhzadeh-Eggers S, Stang A, Schmiedel S, Bokemeyer C, Addo MM, Aepfelbacher M, P\u00fcschel K, Kluge S (2020) Autopsy findings and venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19. Ann Intern Med 7:233","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2230_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.1291","volume":"138","author":"P Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu P, Duang F, Luo C, Liu Q, Qu X, Liang L, Wu K (2020) Characteristics of ocular findings of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei Province, China. JAMA Ophthalmol 138(5):575\u2013578","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2230_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30293-0","author":"MS Xydakis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xydakis MS, Dehgani-Mobaraki P, Holbrook EH, Geisthoff UW, Bauer C, Hautefort C, Herman P, Manley GT, Lyon DM, Hopkins C (2020) Smell and taste dysfunction in patients with COVID-19. Lancet Infect Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30293-0","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2230_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22579","author":"CH Yan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yan CH, Faraji F, Prajapati DP, Boone CE, DeConde AS (2020) Association of chemosensory dysfunction and Covid-19 in patients presenting with influenza-like symptoms. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alr.22579","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2230_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.56.1400","volume":"56","author":"Q Yang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yang Q, Chen L, He X, Gao Z, Shen X, Bai D (2008) Design and synthesis of cinanserin analogs as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 3CL protease inhibitors. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 56(10):1400\u20131405","journal-title":"Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo)"},{"issue":"5","key":"2230_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30079-5","volume":"8","author":"X Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, Shu H, Xia J, Liu H, Wu Y, Zhang L, Yu Z, Fang M, Yu T, Wang Y, Pan S, Zou X, Yuan S, Shang Y (2020) Clinical course and outcomes of critically Ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir Med 8(5):475\u2013481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30079-5 (Epub 2020 Feb 24)","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"1 Pt 1","key":"2230_CR155","first-page":"e73","volume":"113","author":"EA Yeh","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yeh EA, Collins A, Cohen ME, Duffner PK, Faden H (2004) Detection of coronavirus in the central nervous system of a child with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Pediatrics 113(1 Pt 1):e73\u2013e76","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2230_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-020-0360-5.Noabstractavailable","volume":"17","author":"YY Zheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zheng YY, Ma YT, Zhang JY, Xie X (2020) COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system. Nat Rev Cardiol 17(5):259\u2013260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41569-020-0360-5.Noabstractavailable","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"2230_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.06.14.150490","author":"M Zimniak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zimniak M, Kirschner L, Hilpert H, Seibel J, Bodem J (2020) The serotonin reuptake inhibitor Fluoxetine inhibits SARS-CoV-2. bioRxiv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.06.14.150490","journal-title":"bioRxiv"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-021-02356-6","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,19]],"date-time":"2021-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624060800000}}],"container-title":["Journal of Neural Transmission"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00702-020-02230-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00702-020-02230-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00702-020-02230-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]],"date-time":"2021-07-31T01:39:46Z","timestamp":1627695586000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00702-020-02230-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]]},"references-count":132,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["2230"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00702-020-02230-x","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1007\/s00702-021-02356-6","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0300-9564","1435-1463"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9564","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-1463","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 July 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 July 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 July 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 June 2021","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00702-021-02356-6","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00702-021-02356-6","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}