{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:15:40Z","timestamp":1790874940008,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]],"date-time":"2022-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658275200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]],"date-time":"2022-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neural Transm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-022-02529-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]],"date-time":"2022-07-20T17:02:58Z","timestamp":1658336578000},"page":"1247-1256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Randomized controlled trials on the use of cannabis-based medicines in movement disorders: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"129","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3973-2861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Oikonomou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. H.","family":"Jost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2529_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s42238-022-00119-y","volume":"4","author":"A Bahji","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bahji A, Breward N, Duff W, Absher N, Patten SB, Alcorn J, Mousseau DD (2022) Cannabinoids in the management of behavioral, psychological, and motor symptoms of neurocognitive disorders: a mixed studies systematic review. J Cannabis Res 4(1):11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42238-022-00119-y","journal-title":"J Cannabis Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2529_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0023-6.","volume":"4","author":"B Balint","year":"2018","unstructured":"Balint B, Mencacci NE, Valente EM, Pisani A, Rothwell J, Jankovic J, Vidailhet M, Bhatia KP (2018) Dystonia Nat Rev Dis Primers 4(1):25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41572-018-0023-6.","journal-title":"Dystonia Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"10291","key":"2529_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00218-X","volume":"397","author":"BR Bloem","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bloem BR, Okun MS, Klein C (2021) Parkinson\u2019s disease. Lancet 397(10291):2284\u20132303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00218-X","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2529_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2020.101154","volume":"39","author":"A Bougea","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bougea A, Koros C, Simitsi AM, Chrysovitsanou C, Leonardos A, Stefanis L (2020) Medical cannabis as an alternative therapeutics for Parkinsons\u2019 disease: SYSTEMATIC review. Complement Ther Clin Pract 39:101154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctcp.2020.101154","journal-title":"Complement Ther Clin Pract"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2529_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6974","DOI":"10.5867\/medwave.2017.6974","volume":"17","author":"GA Bravo-Soto","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bravo-Soto GA, Juri C (2017) Are cannabinoids effective for Parkinson\u2019s disease? Medwave 17(Suppl 2):e6974. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5867\/medwave.2017.6974","journal-title":"Medwave"},{"issue":"2","key":"2529_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13973","volume":"59","author":"MJ Brodie","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brodie MJ, Ben-Menachem E (2018) Cannabinoids for epilepsy: what do we know and where do we go? Epilepsia 59(2):291\u2013296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.13973","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"7","key":"2529_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-019-02018-8","volume":"126","author":"C Buhmann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Buhmann C, Mainka T, Ebersbach G, Gandor F (2019) Evidence for the use of cannabinoids in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neural Transm (vienna) 126(7):913\u2013924. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00702-019-02018-8","journal-title":"J Neural Transm (vienna)"},{"issue":"7","key":"2529_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000140288.48796.8e","volume":"63","author":"CB Carroll","year":"2004","unstructured":"Carroll CB, Bain PG, Teare L, Liu X, Joint C, Wroath C, Parkin SG, Fox P, Wright D, Hobart J, Zajicek JP (2004) Cannabis for dyskinesia in Parkinson disease: a randomized double-blind crossover study. Neurology 63(7):1245\u20131250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.wnl.0000140288.48796.8e","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"11","key":"2529_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881114550355","volume":"28","author":"MH Chagas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chagas MH, Zuardi AW, Tumas V, Pena-Pereira MA, Sobreira ET, Bergamaschi MM, dos Santos AC, Teixeira AL, Hallak JE, Crippa JA (2014) Effects of cannabidiol in the treatment of patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease: an exploratory double-blind trial. J Psychopharmacol 28(11):1088\u20131098. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0269881114550355","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2529_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2015.100","volume":"48","author":"YC Chung","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chung YC, Shin WH, Baek JY, Cho EJ, Baik HH, Kim SR, Won SY, Jin BK (2016) CB2 receptor activation prevents glial-derived neurotoxic mediator production, BBB leakage and peripheral immune cell infiltration and rescues dopamine neurons in the MPTP model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Exp Mol Med 48(1):e205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/emm.2015.100","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2529_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(91)90386-g","volume":"40","author":"P Consroe","year":"1991","unstructured":"Consroe P, Laguna J, Allender J, Snider S, Stern L, Sandyk R, Kennedy K, Schram K (1991) Controlled clinical trial of cannabidiol in Huntington\u2019s disease. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 40(3):701\u2013708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0091-3057(91)90386-g","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"issue":"15","key":"2529_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22809","volume":"24","author":"A Curtis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Curtis A, Mitchell I, Patel S, Ives N, Rickards H (2009) A pilot study using nabilone for symptomatic treatment in Huntington\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 24(15):2254\u20132259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.22809","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"2529_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD006565","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006565.pub2","volume":"2009","author":"A Curtis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Curtis A, Clarke CE, Rickards HE (2009) Cannabinoids for Tourette\u2019s Syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009(4):CD006565. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD006565.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"2529_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28577","volume":"36","author":"CMO de Almeida","year":"2021","unstructured":"de Almeida CMO, Brito MMC, Bosaipo NB, Pimentel AV, Tumas V, Zuardi AW, Crippa JAS, Hallak JEC, Eckeli AL (2021) Cannabidiol for rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. Mov Disord 36(7):1711\u20131715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.28577","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"2529_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881119895536","volume":"34","author":"SM de Faria","year":"2020","unstructured":"de Faria SM, de Morais FD, Tumas V, Castro PC, Ponti MA, Hallak JE, Zuardi AW, Crippa JAS, Chagas MHN (2020) Effects of acute cannabidiol administration on anxiety and tremors induced by a Simulated Public Speaking Test in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Psychopharmacol 34(2):189\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0269881119895536","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"2529_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-64012-3.00008-3","volume":"165","author":"W Deeb","year":"2019","unstructured":"Deeb W, Malaty IA, Mathews CA (2019) Tourette disorder and other tic disorders. Handb Clin Neurol 165:123\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-444-64012-3.00008-3","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"2529_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2017.07.033","volume":"46","author":"DW Dickson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dickson DW (2018) Neuropathology of Parkinson disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 46:S30\u2013S33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2017.07.033","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"2529_CR18","volume-title":"Principles and practice of movement disorders","author":"S Fahn","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fahn S, Jankovic J, Hallett M (2011) Principles and practice of movement disorders. Elsevier Health Sciences, Amsterdam"},{"issue":"1","key":"2529_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-021-00165-y","volume":"7","author":"MP Feeney","year":"2021","unstructured":"Feeney MP, Bega D, Kluger BM, Stoessl AJ, Evers CM, De Leon R, Beck JC (2021) Weeding through the haze: a survey on cannabis use among people living with Parkinson\u2019s disease in the US. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 7(1):21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41531-021-00165-y","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2529_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.5603\/PJNNS.a2022.0004","volume":"56","author":"M Figura","year":"2022","unstructured":"Figura M, Koziorowski D, S\u0142awek J (2022) Cannabis in Parkinson\u2019s Disease - the patient\u2019s perspective versus clinical trials: a systematic literature review. Neurol Neurochir Pol 56(1):21\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5603\/PJNNS.a2022.0004 (Epub 2022 Jan 5 PMID: 34985112)","journal-title":"Neurol Neurochir Pol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2529_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1280","volume":"17","author":"SH Fox","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fox SH, Kellett M, Moore AP, Crossman AR, Brotchie JM (2002) Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the potential of cannabinoid receptor stimulation in the treatment of dystonia. Mov Disord 17(1):145\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.1280","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"Suppl5","key":"2529_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6793","DOI":"10.5867\/medwave.2016.6793","volume":"16","author":"K Garc\u00eda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda K, Rada G (2016) Do cannabinoids have a role to play in Tourette\u2019s syndrome? Medwave 16(Suppl5):e6793. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5867\/medwave.2016.6793","journal-title":"Medwave"},{"issue":"587","key":"2529_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2014.12.003","volume":"5","author":"MC Garc\u00eda","year":"2015","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda MC, Cinquina V, Palomo-Garo C, R\u00e1bano A, Fern\u00e1ndez-Ruiz J (2015) Identification of CB2 receptors in human nigral neurons that degenerate in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurosci Lett 5(587):1\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2014.12.003","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"2529_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S94","DOI":"10.21037\/tp.2019.09.11","volume":"9","author":"DE Greydanus","year":"2020","unstructured":"Greydanus DE, Tullio J (2020) Tourette\u2019s disorder in children and adolescents. Transl Pediatr 9(1):S94\u2013S103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/tp.2019.09.11","journal-title":"Transl Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2529_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-015-0377-3","volume":"12","author":"C Ibeas Bih","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ibeas Bih C, Chen T, Nunn AV, Bazelot M, Dallas M, Whalley BJ (2015) Molecular targets of cannabidiol in neurological disorders. Neurotherapeutics 12(4):699\u2013730. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13311-015-0377-3","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2529_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26142","volume":"30","author":"B Kluger","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kluger B, Triolo P, Jones W, Jankovic J (2015) The therapeutic potential of cannabinoids for movement disorders. Mov Disord 30(3):313\u2013327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.26142","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"2529_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-015-0376-4","volume":"12","author":"BS Koppel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Koppel BS (2015) Cannabis in the Treatment of Dystonia, Dyskinesias, and Tics. Neurotherapeutics 12(4):788\u2013792. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13311-015-0376-4","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"issue":"17","key":"2529_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000363","volume":"82","author":"BS Koppel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Koppel BS, Brust JC, Fife T, Bronstein J, Youssof S, Gronseth G, Gloss D (2014) Systematic review: efficacy and safety of medical marijuana in selected neurologic disorders: report of the Guideline Development Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 82(17):1556\u20131563. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000363","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2529_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.9758\/cpn.2017.15.4.301","volume":"15","author":"K Lim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lim K, See YM, Lee J (2017) A systematic review of the effectiveness of medical cannabis for psychiatric, movement and neurodegenerative disorders. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 15(4):301\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9758\/cpn.2017.15.4.301","journal-title":"Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci"},{"key":"2529_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-016-8145-9","author":"MJL L\u00f3pez-Send\u00f3n","year":"2016","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Send\u00f3n MJL, Garc\u00eda Caldentey J, Trigo Cubillo P, Ruiz Romero C, Garc\u00eda Ribas G, Alonso Arias MA, Garc\u00eda de Y\u00e9benes MJ, Tol\u00f3n RM, Galve-Roperh I, Sagredo O, Valdeolivas S, Resel E, Ortega-Gutierrez S, Garc\u00eda-Bermejo ML, Fern\u00e1ndez Ruiz J, Guzm\u00e1n M, de Y\u00e9benes G, Prous J (2016) A double-blind, randomized, cross-over, placebo-controlled, pilot trial with Sativex in Huntington\u2019s disease. J Neurol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-016-8145-9","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2529_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13710","volume":"84","author":"CJ Lucas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lucas CJ, Galettis P, Schneider J (2018) The pharmacokinetics and the pharmacodynamics of cannabinoids. Br J Clin Pharmacol 84(11):2477\u20132482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bcp.13710","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2529_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13413","volume":"25","author":"P McColgan","year":"2018","unstructured":"McColgan P, Tabrizi SJ (2018) Huntington\u2019s disease: a clinical review. Eur J Neurol 25(1):24\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ene.13413","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2529_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-200405000-00003","volume":"27","author":"V Mesnage","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mesnage V, Houeto JL, Bonnet AM, Clavier I, Arnulf I, Cattelin F, Le Fur G, Damier P, Welter ML, Agid Y (2004) Neurokinin B, neurotensin, and cannabinoid receptor antagonists and Parkinson disease. Clin Neuropharmacol 27(3):108\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00002826-200405000-00003","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2529_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-25028","volume":"35","author":"KR M\u00fcller-Vahl","year":"2002","unstructured":"M\u00fcller-Vahl KR, Schneider U, Koblenz A, J\u00f6bges M, Kolbe H, Daldrup T, Emrich HM (2002) Treatment of Tourette\u2019s syndrome with Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): a randomized crossover trial. Pharmacopsychiatry 35(2):57\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2002-25028","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"2529_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300047","volume":"28","author":"KR M\u00fcller-Vahl","year":"2003","unstructured":"M\u00fcller-Vahl KR, Prevedel H, Theloe K, Kolbe H, Emrich HM, Schneider U (2003) Treatment of Tourette syndrome with delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC): no influence on neuropsychological performance. Neuropsychopharmacology 28(2):384\u2013388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.npp.1300047","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2529_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.4088\/jcp.v64n0417","volume":"64","author":"KR M\u00fcller-Vahl","year":"2003","unstructured":"M\u00fcller-Vahl KR, Schneider U, Prevedel H, Theloe K, Kolbe H, Daldrup T, Emrich HM (2003) Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is effective in the treatment of tics in Tourette syndrome: a 6-week randomized trial. J Clin Psychiatry 64(4):459\u2013465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/jcp.v64n0417","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"2529_CR37","volume-title":"Dronabinol","author":"B O'Donnell","year":"2022","unstructured":"O\u2019Donnell B, Meissner H, Gupta V (2022) Dronabinol. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL)"},{"issue":"16","key":"2529_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2022.897930","volume":"9","author":"P Oikonomou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Oikonomou P, Jost WH (2022) Commentary: roles of the cannabinoid system in the Basal Ganglia in Parkinson\u2019s Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 9(16):897930. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2022.897930","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"8","key":"2529_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-019-02021-z","volume":"126","author":"M Peball","year":"2019","unstructured":"Peball M, Werkmann M, Ellmerer P, Stolz R, Valent D, Knaus HG, Ulmer H, Djamshidian A, Poewe W, Seppi K (2019) Nabilone for non-motor symptoms of Parkinson\u2019s disease: a randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group, enriched enrolment randomized withdrawal study (The NMS-Nab Study). J Neural Transm (vienna) 126(8):1061\u20131072. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00702-019-02021-z","journal-title":"J Neural Transm (vienna)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2529_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25864","volume":"88","author":"M Peball","year":"2020","unstructured":"Peball M, Krismer F, Knaus HG, Djamshidian A, Werkmann M, Carbone F, Ellmerer P, Heim B, Marini K, Valent D, Goebel G, Ulmer H, Stockner H, Wenning GK, Stolz R, Krejcy K, Poewe W, Seppi K, Collaborators of the Parkinson\u2019s Disease Working Group Innsbruck (2020) Non-Motor symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s Disease are reduced by Nabilone. Ann Neurol 88(4):712\u2013722. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.25864","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2529_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina56060309","volume":"56","author":"L Poyatos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Poyatos L, P\u00e9rez-Acevedo AP, Papaseit E, P\u00e9rez-Ma\u00f1\u00e1 C, Martin S, Hladun O, Siles A, Torrens M, Busardo FP, Farr\u00e9 M (2020) Oral Administration of Cannabis and \u0394-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) preparations: a systematic review. Medicina (kaunas) 56(6):309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina56060309","journal-title":"Medicina (kaunas)"},{"issue":"12","key":"2529_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11121573","volume":"11","author":"S Prakash","year":"2021","unstructured":"Prakash S, Carter WG (2021) The neuroprotective effects of cannabis-derived phytocannabinoids and resveratrol in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: a systematic literature review of pre-clinical studies. Brain Sci 11(12):1573. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci11121573","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"2529_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.57.11.2108","volume":"57","author":"KA Sieradzan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sieradzan KA, Fox SH, Hill M, Dick JP, Crossman AR, Brotchie JM (2001) Cannabinoids reduce levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a pilot study. Neurology 57(11):2108\u20132111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.57.11.2108","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2529_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"011","DOI":"10.29328\/journal.apps.1001013","volume":"3","author":"A Sulcova","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sulcova A (2019) Pharmacodynamics of cannabinoids. Arch Pharm Pharma Sci 3:011\u2013018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29328\/journal.apps.1001013","journal-title":"Arch Pharm Pharma Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2529_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5603\/PJNNS.2022.0021","volume":"56","author":"N Szejko","year":"2022","unstructured":"Szejko N (2022) Neurology\u2014to be or not to be of the cannabis-based medicine? Neurol Neurochir Pol 56(1):1\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5603\/PJNNS.2022.0021","journal-title":"Neurol Neurochir Pol"},{"key":"2529_CR46","volume-title":"Recent advances in cannabinoid research","author":"N Szejko","year":"2019","unstructured":"Szejko N, Jakubovski E, M\u00fcller-Vahl K (2019) Possible role of the endocannabinoid system in Tourette syndrome. In: Laprairie RB, Costain WJ (eds) Recent advances in cannabinoid research. Intechopen, London"},{"issue":"1","key":"2529_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.5603\/PJNNS.a2021.0081","volume":"56","author":"N Szejko","year":"2022","unstructured":"Szejko N, Saramak K, Lombroso A, M\u00fcller-Vahl K (2022) Cannabis-based medicine in treatment of patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Neurol Neurochir Pol 56(1):28\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5603\/PJNNS.a2021.0081","journal-title":"Neurol Neurochir Pol"},{"issue":"14","key":"2529_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175628642110185","DOI":"10.1177\/17562864211018561.PMID:34104218;PMCID:PMC8161868","volume":"25","author":"SJ Thanabalasingam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thanabalasingam SJ, Ranjith B, Jackson R, Wijeratne DT (2021) Cannabis and its derivatives for the use of motor symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 25(14):17562864211018560. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17562864211018561.PMID:34104218;PMCID:PMC8161868","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"2529_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-212923","volume":"12","author":"B Urbi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Urbi B, Corbett J, Hughes I, Owusu MA, Thorning S, Broadley SA, Sabet A, Heshmat S (2022) Effects of Cannabis in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Parkinsons Dis 12(2):495\u2013508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JPD-212923","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"2529_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.11.27","volume":"11","author":"P Vermersch","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vermersch P (2011) Sativex(\u00ae) (tetrahydrocannabinol + cannabidiol), an endocannabinoid system modulator: basic features and main clinical data. Expert Rev Neurother 11(4 Suppl):15\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1586\/ern.11.27","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"issue":"9557","key":"2529_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60111-1","volume":"369","author":"FO Walker","year":"2007","unstructured":"Walker FO (2007) Huntington\u2019s disease. Lancet 369(9557):218\u2013228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60111-1","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"16","key":"2529_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2022.832854","volume":"21","author":"M Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang M, Liu H, Ma Z (2022) Roles of the cannabinoid system in the Basal Ganglia in Parkinson\u2019s Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 21(16):832854. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2022.832854","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2529_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00330-6","volume":"21","author":"D Weintraub","year":"2022","unstructured":"Weintraub D, Aarsland D, Chaudhuri KR, Dobkin RD, Leentjens AF, Rodriguez-Violante M, Schrag A (2022) The neuropsychiatry of Parkinson\u2019s disease: advances and challenges. Lancet Neurol 21(1):89\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00330-6","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"24","key":"2529_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.6358","volume":"313","author":"PF Whiting","year":"2015","unstructured":"Whiting PF, Wolff RF, Deshpande S, Di Nisio M, Duffy S, Hernandez AV, Keurentjes JC, Lang S, Misso K, Ryder S, Schmidlkofer S, Westwood M, Kleijnen J (2015) Cannabinoids for Medical Use: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 313(24):2456\u20132473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2015.6358","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"2529_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-202260","volume":"11","author":"F Yenilmez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yenilmez F, Fr\u00fcndt O, Hidding U, Buhmann C (2021) Cannabis in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: the patients\u2019 view. J Parkinsons Dis 11(1):309\u2013321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JPD-202260","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"2529_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.baga.2011.04.002","volume":"1","author":"C Zadikoff","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zadikoff C, Wadia PM, Miyasaki J, Chen R, Lang AE, So J et al (2011) Cannabinoid, CB1 agonists in cervical dystonia: failure in a phase IIa randomized controlled trial. Basal Ganglia 1:91\u201395","journal-title":"Basal Ganglia"},{"issue":"4","key":"2529_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-019-01997-y","volume":"126","author":"S Zhai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhai S, Shen W, Graves SM, Surmeier DJ (2019) Dopaminergic modulation of striatal function and Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neural Transm (vienna) 126(4):411\u2013422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00702-019-01997-y","journal-title":"J Neural Transm (vienna)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neural Transmission"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00702-022-02529-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00702-022-02529-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00702-022-02529-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T12:23:44Z","timestamp":1662985424000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00702-022-02529-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["2529"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00702-022-02529-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9564","1435-1463"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9564","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-1463","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 April 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 July 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 July 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"PO and WJ do not have any conflict of interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interests"}},{"value":"This manuscript has been written according to principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}