{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T22:46:04Z","timestamp":1788821164649,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695945600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neural Transm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Idiopathic cervical dystonia (ICD) is the largest subgroup of dystonia. Psychological stress as a triggering factor has long been discussed, but detailed descriptions are lacking. We report on a group of 13 patients with ICD and preceding excessive psychological stress (age at ICD onset 39.0\u2009\u00b1\u200913.9\u00a0years, 7 females, 6 males). The observation period was 7.8\u2009\u00b1\u20095.0\u00a0years. Excessive psychological stress included partner conflicts (divorce and separation, domestic violence), special familial burdens, legal disputes and migration. It started 8.3\u2009\u00b1\u20093.9\u00a0months before ICD onset. In 85% of our patients (typical cases), ICD developed within 5.8\u2009\u00b1\u20094.4\u00a0weeks, then lasted 18.5\u2009\u00b1\u20098.3\u00a0months, before it started to remit 2.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8\u00a0years after its onset to 54.5\u2009\u00b1\u200935.3% of its maximal severity. Idiopathic dystonia is thought to be based upon a genetic predisposition triggered by epigenetic factors. Our study suggests that excessive psychological stress could be one of them. Pathophysiologic elements are only vaguely identified, but could include the endoplasmic reticulum stress response, cerebellar 5HT-2A receptors and the metabolism of heat shock proteins. Whilst the clinical presentation of ICD preceded by excessive psychological stress is typical, its course is atypical with rapid onset and fast and substantial remission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-023-02694-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T13:01:46Z","timestamp":1695992506000},"page":"53-57","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Excessive psychological stress preceding the onset of idiopathic cervical dystonia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"131","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3612-3796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dirk","family":"Dressler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Kopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizhen","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fereshte","family":"Adib Saberi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2694_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25475","volume":"28","author":"A Albanese","year":"2013","unstructured":"Albanese A, Bhatia K, Bressman SB, Delong MR, Fahn S, Fung VS, Hallett M, Jankovic J, Jinnah HA, Klein C, Lang AE, Mink JW, Teller JK (2013) Phenomenology and classification of dystonia: a consensus update. 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He is shareholder of Allergan and holds patents on botulinum toxin and botulinum toxin therapy. Bruno Kopp and Lizhen Pan: have nothing to declare. Fereshte Adib Saberi: is founder and owner of IAB\u2014Interdisciplinary Working Group for Movement Disorders. She received reimbursement from Abbot, AbbVie, Almirall, Allergan, Bayer, Desitin, Dynamed, Hempel GesundheitsPartner, Ipsen, Johnson & Johnson, Licher, Meda, Medtronic, Merz, Orion, PTZ Nawrath, Sensomotorik & Rehabilitation Hellmuth & Thiel, Sintetica, Sporlastic, Sun, Teva, Tricumed, TRS Med, and UCB.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}