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It is a disabling and disfiguring disorder that affects activities of daily living and gives people a bizarre appearance often associated with psychological morbidity, embarrassment and social avoidance. Intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin (BoNT) is the most effective treatment for motor symptoms in focal dystonia, but little is known about its impact on the psycho-social dimension. The main aim of this study was to evaluate psycho-social changes in patients with focal dystonia after starting BoNT treatment using self-reported scales. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), the Body Uneasiness Test (BUT), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) assessing body self-image, satisfaction with physical aspects, social avoidance, self-reported depression, and self-distress were completed by 11 patients with dystonia and 9 patients with hyperhidrosis as a control group before BoNT (T0). VAS was then performed after four weeks (T1) to assess whether BoNT induced changes in the psychosocial dimension. Our results showed that only depressive symptoms and rumination about body defects improved in patients with dystonia after BoNT treatment, while improvement in self-distress and satisfaction with physical aspects was also found in hyperhidrosis. Individuals with hyperhidrosis experience poorer psychological well-being and suffer from higher levels of distress compared to dystonic patients. This suggests that individuals with this disabling condition are more vulnerable to social impact than dystonic patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-024-02785-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T09:10:44Z","timestamp":1717492244000},"page":"953-960","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Does botulinum toxin affect psycho-social aspects in dystonia?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Angelica","family":"Marfoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Mameli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo Nicol\u00f2","family":"Aiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiana","family":"Ruggiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelica De","family":"Sandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Mellace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Curti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Vimercati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Poletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Ticozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Chieffo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Santangelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Barbieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Priori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5109-9483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Ferrucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2\u20132021","key":"2785_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.51847\/zCOO8iVetA","volume":"10","author":"M Almohideb","year":"2021","unstructured":"Almohideb M, Aljihani M, Bukhari M, Algethami B, Asiri O, Alnamlah A (2021) The impact of hyperhidrosis on patients\u2019 quality of life and daily activities. 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The procedures were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Financial interests The authors declare they have no financial interests.Conflict of interest The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest relevant to this work.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Financial interests"}}]}}