{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T17:47:42Z","timestamp":1790444862985,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757721600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004375","name":"Tel Aviv University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004375","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neural Transm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    While considered a motor control structure, the cerebellum contributes to non-motor functions, including impulsivity. However, whether it contributes to impulsivity in a domain-specific manner remains unknown. Studies on cerebellar ataxia (CA), a common model for cerebellar dysfunction, typically have small sample sizes, limiting robustness. In a multicenter cross-sectional study, we investigated the cerebellum\u2019s role in various forms of impulsivity by comparing large cohorts of CA to age- and education-matched neurotypical healthy (NH) controls. Additionally, to examine the ability to identify individuals with CA using impulsivity features alone, we developed supervised machine learning (ML) models. In experiment 1 (CA\u2009=\u2009140, NH\u2009=\u2009136), impulsivity was assessed using the BIS-11 questionnaire. In experiment 2 (CA\u2009=\u2009110, NH\u2009=\u2009107), performance-based impulsivity was assessed using the MCQ-27, evaluating delay discounting in monetary decision-making. Two ML models\u2014Logistic Regression and Random Forest\u2014were utilized to classify disorder status (CA\/NH). The CA group showed higher BIS-11 scores (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.001), indicating higher impulsivity, driven by motor (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and attention (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.002) impulsivity. However, the CA group exhibited lower non-planning impulsivity (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.014). In the MCQ-27, the CA group showed lower k-values (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.005), indicating reduced impulsivity in monetary decisions. Both ML models demonstrated strong classification performance (AUC\u2009\u2265\u20090.85) in independent datasets. This study highlights the cerebellum\u2019s selective role in impulsivity. We found higher motor and attentional impulsivity in CA alongside lower non-planning and decision-making impulsivity. This suggests a unique impulsivity profile in CA that may indicate a compensatory mechanism for future events. ML models demonstrated high classification performance, suggesting impulsivity is a core non-motor feature of CA.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-025-03020-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T07:35:02Z","timestamp":1757748902000},"page":"495-507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impulsivity in cerebellar ataxia: an online, multidimensional assessment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Brooke","family":"Chasalow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yakov","family":"Flaumenhaft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yael","family":"De Picciotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi-Ying R.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leila","family":"Montaser-Kouhsari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4215-2478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Saban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"3020_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-025-13071-7","volume":"272","author":"AL Algon","year":"2025","unstructured":"Algon AL, Ponger P, Daniel L, De Picciotto Y, Gazit E, Brozgol M, Hausdorff JM, Saban W (2025) Scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia: a live e-version. J Neurol 272(5):1\u20138","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"3020_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.550","volume":"10","author":"N Amokrane","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amokrane N, Lin CYR, Desai NA, Kuo SH (2020a) The impact of compulsivity and impulsivity in cerebellar ataxia: a case series. Tremor Other Hyperkinetic Movements 10:1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5334\/tohm.550","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinetic Movements"},{"key":"3020_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28121","volume":"35","author":"N Amokrane","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amokrane N, Viswanathan A, Freedman S et al (2020b) Impulsivity in cerebellar ataxias: testing the cerebellar reward hypothesis in humans. Mov Disord 35:1491\u20131493","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"3020_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-019-01237-x","volume":"52","author":"AL Anwyl-Irvine","year":"2020","unstructured":"Anwyl-Irvine AL, Massonni\u00e9 J, Flitton A et al (2020) Gorilla in our midst: an online behavioral experiment builder. Behav Res Methods 52:388\u2013407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13428-019-01237-x","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"3020_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BANDL.2015.08.003","volume":"161","author":"GPD Argyropoulos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Argyropoulos GPD (2016) The cerebellum, internal models and prediction in \u2018non-motor\u2019 aspects of language: A critical review. Brain Lang 161:4\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.BANDL.2015.08.003","journal-title":"Brain Lang"},{"key":"3020_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617710000135","volume":"16","author":"AE Barth","year":"2010","unstructured":"Barth AE, Denton CA, Stuebing KK et al (2010) A test of the cerebellar hypothesis of dyslexia in adequate and inadequate responders to reading intervention. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 16:526\u2013536. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1355617710000135","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"3020_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5160","DOI":"10.3390\/s23115160","volume":"23","author":"S Binoy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Binoy S, Woody R, Ivry RB, Saban W (2023) Feasibility and efficacy of online neuropsychological assessment. Sensors 23:5160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s23115160","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"3020_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-018-0002-7","volume":"19","author":"AC Bostan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bostan AC, Strick PL (2018) The basal ganglia and the cerebellum: nodes in an integrated network. Nat Rev Neurosci 19:338\u2013350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41583-018-0002-7","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3020_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/S12311-016-0763-3","volume":"16","author":"D Caligiore","year":"2016","unstructured":"Caligiore D, Pezzulo G, Baldassarre G et al (2016) Consensus paper: towards a Systems-Level view of cerebellar function: the interplay between cerebellum, basal ganglia, and cortex. Cerebellum 2016 16(1):203\u2013229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S12311-016-0763-3","journal-title":"Cerebellum 2016"},{"key":"3020_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav0581","author":"I Carta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Carta I, Chen CH, Schott AL et al (2019) Cerebellar modulation of the reward circuitry and social behavior. Science. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aav0581","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3020_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e176","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000200349","volume":"99","author":"TX Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen TX, Lin C-YR, Aumann MA et al (2022) Impulsivity trait profiles in patients with cerebellar ataxia and Parkinson disease. Neurology 99:e176\u2013e186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000200349","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3020_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3922\/j.psns.2012.2.03","volume":"5","author":"A da Matta","year":"2012","unstructured":"da Matta A, Gon\u00e7alves FL, Bizarro L (2012) Delay discounting: concepts and measures. Psychol Neurosci 5:135\u2013146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3922\/j.psns.2012.2.03","journal-title":"Psychol Neurosci"},{"key":"3020_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/ELIFE.105864.1","author":"LA Daniel","year":"2025","unstructured":"Daniel LA, Vakil E, Saban W (2025) High cognitive violation of expectations is compromised in cerebellar ataxia. Elife. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/ELIFE.105864.1","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"3020_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/J.PAID.2006.06.026","volume":"42","author":"H de Wit","year":"2007","unstructured":"de Wit H, Flory JD, Acheson A et al (2007) IQ and nonplanning impulsivity are independently associated with delay discounting in middle-aged adults. Pers Individ Dif 42:111\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.PAID.2006.06.026","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"key":"3020_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Deverett B, Oostland M (2023) Cerebellum and Decision-Making. Essentials Cerebellum Cerebellar Disorders: Primer Graduate Students Second Ed 387\u2013390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-15070-8_60","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-15070-8_60"},{"key":"3020_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2768","DOI":"10.1002\/HBM.21398","volume":"33","author":"EK Diekhof","year":"2011","unstructured":"Diekhof EK, Nerenberg L, Falkai P et al (2011) Impulsive personality and the ability to resist immediate reward: an fMRI study examining interindividual differences in the neural mechanisms underlying self-control. Hum Brain Mapp 33:2768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/HBM.21398","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"3020_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2021.650614","volume":"15","author":"P Flace","year":"2021","unstructured":"Flace P, Livrea P, Basile GA et al (2021) The cerebellar dopaminergic system. Front Syst Neurosci 15:1\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnsys.2021.650614","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci"},{"key":"3020_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flaumenhaft Y, Gilad T, Dotan D, Saban W Subcortical structures: the seeds of mathematical abilities. InDevelopmental Dyscalculia 2025 Jan 1 (pp. 365\u2013395). Academic Press","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-22224-5.00017-5"},{"key":"3020_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/J.NEUBIOREV.2017.04.022","volume":"79","author":"R Frost","year":"2017","unstructured":"Frost R, McNaughton N (2017) The neural basis of delay discounting: a review and preliminary model. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 79:48\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.NEUBIOREV.2017.04.022","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"3020_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-025-01787-9","volume":"8","author":"T Gilad","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gilad T, Algon AL, Vakil E et al (2025) Breaking geographic and Language barriers in neuropsychology: online administration of MoCA in diverse populations. Npj Digit Med 2025 8:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41746-025-01787-9","journal-title":"Npj Digit Med 2025"},{"key":"3020_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.NEUBIOREV.2023.105048","volume":"146","author":"V Godefroy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Godefroy V, Sezer I, Bouzigues A et al (2023) Altered delay discounting in neurodegeneration: insight into the underlying mechanisms and perspectives for clinical applications. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 146:105048. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.NEUBIOREV.2023.105048","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"3020_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1002\/JEAB.221","volume":"106","author":"JC Gray","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gray JC, Amlung MT, Palmer AA, MacKillop J (2016) Syntax for calculation of discounting indices from the monetary choice questionnaire and probability discounting questionnaire. J Exp Anal Behav 106:156\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/JEAB.221","journal-title":"J Exp Anal Behav"},{"key":"3020_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CORTEX.2017.07.005","volume":"100","author":"X Guell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guell X, Gabrieli JDE, Schmahmann JD (2018) Embodied cognition and the cerebellum: perspectives from the dysmetria of thought and the universal cerebellar transform theories. Cortex 100:140\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CORTEX.2017.07.005","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"3020_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0228-8","volume":"21","author":"W Heffley","year":"2018","unstructured":"Heffley W, Song EY, Xu Z et al (2018) Coordinated cerebellar climbing fiber activity signals learned sensorimotor predictions. Nat Neurosci 21:1431\u20131441. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41593-018-0228-8","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"3020_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/ELIFE.54073","author":"C Hull","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hull C (2020) Prediction signals in the cerebellum: beyond supervised motor learning. Elife. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/ELIFE.54073","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"3020_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.3389\/FPSYG.2018.02306","volume":"9","author":"A Jauregi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jauregi A, Kessler K, Hassel S (2018a) Linking cognitive measures of response inhibition and reward sensitivity to trait impulsivity. Front Psychol 9:2306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FPSYG.2018.02306","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"3020_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409532","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02306","volume":"9","author":"A Jauregi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jauregi A, Kessler K, Hassel S (2018b) Linking cognitive measures of response inhibition and reward sensitivity to trait impulsivity. Front Psychol 9:409532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02306","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"3020_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.2002.77-129","volume":"77","author":"MW Johnson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Johnson MW, Bickel WK (2002) Within-subject comparison of real and hypothetical money rewards in delay discounting. J Exp Anal Behav 77:129\u2013146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1901\/jeab.2002.77-129","journal-title":"J Exp Anal Behav"},{"key":"3020_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2016.1257702","volume":"39","author":"PL Johnson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Johnson PL, Potts GF, Sanchez-Ramos J, Cimino CR (2017) Self-reported impulsivity in Huntington\u2019s disease patients and relationship to executive dysfunction and reward responsiveness. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 39:694\u2013706. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13803395.2016.1257702","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"key":"3020_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s40614-016-0070-9","volume":"39","author":"BA Kaplan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kaplan BA, Amlung M, Reed DD et al (2016) Automating scoring of delay discounting for the 21- and 27-item monetary choice questionnaires. Behav Anal 39:293\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40614-016-0070-9","journal-title":"Behav Anal"},{"key":"3020_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/J.PARKRELDIS.2020.09.005","volume":"80","author":"K Kawabata","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kawabata K, Watanabe H, Bagarinao E et al (2020) Cerebello-basal ganglia connectivity fingerprints related to motor\/cognitive performance in parkinson\u2019s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 80:21\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.PARKRELDIS.2020.09.005","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"3020_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10096-3445.128.1.78","author":"KN Kirby","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kirby KN, Petry NM, Bickel WK (1999) Heroin addicts have higher discount rates for delayed. rewards than non-drug-using controls. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/10096-3445.128.1.78","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"key":"3020_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0381-8","volume":"22","author":"D Kostadinov","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kostadinov D, Beau M, Pozo MB, H\u00e4usser M (2019) Predictive and reactive reward signals conveyed by climbing fiber inputs to cerebellar purkinje cells. Nat Neurosci 22:950\u2013962. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41593-019-0381-8","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"3020_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2005.02.003","volume":"69","author":"CH Lagorio","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lagorio CH, Madden GJ (2005) Delay discounting of real and hypothetical rewards III: steady-state assessments, forced-choice trials, and all real rewards. Behav Processes 69:173\u2013187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beproc.2005.02.003","journal-title":"Behav Processes"},{"key":"3020_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2022.105252","volume":"107","author":"RY Lai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lai RY, Desai NA, Amlang CJ et al (2023) Gambling associated risk-taking decision in cerebellar ataxia. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 107:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2022.105252","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"3020_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123060","author":"RY Lai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lai RY, Levy E, Amlang CJ et al (2024) Reduced sensitivity to future consequences underlies gambling decision in cerebellar ataxia. J Neurol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123060","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"3020_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018901","volume":"18","author":"RD Landes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Landes RD, Pitcock JA, Yi R, Bickel WK (2010) Analytical methods to detect within-individual changes in discounting. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 18:175\u2013183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0018901","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"3020_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx101","volume":"140","author":"CJ Lansdall","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lansdall CJ, Coyle-Gilchrist ITS, Jones PS et al (2017) Apathy and impulsivity in frontotemporal lobar degeneration syndromes. Brain 140:1792\u20131807. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awx101","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"3020_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/S11682-010-9112-1\/TABLES\/6","volume":"5","author":"AKW Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee AKW, Jerram M, Fulwiler C, Gansler DA (2011) Neural correlates of impulsivity factors in psychiatric patients and healthy volunteers: A voxel-based morphometry study. Brain Imaging Behav 5:52\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S11682-010-9112-1\/TABLES\/6","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav"},{"key":"3020_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-024-01331-4","volume":"24","author":"CYR Lin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lin CYR, Kuo SH, Opal P (2024a) Cognitive, emotional, and other non-motor symptoms of spinocerebellar ataxias. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 24:47\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11910-024-01331-4","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"3020_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-240368","volume":"100","author":"CYR Lin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lin CYR, Yonce SS, Pacini NJ et al (2024b) Cerebello-parietal functional connectivity in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 100:775\u2013782. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-240368","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"3020_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1037\/1064-1297.11.2.139","volume":"11","author":"GJ Madden","year":"2003","unstructured":"Madden GJ, Begotka AM, Raiff BR, Kastern LL (2003) Delay discounting of real and hypothetical rewards. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 11:139\u2013145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1064-1297.11.2.139","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3020_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1007\/S12311-024-01702-0","volume":"23","author":"M Manto","year":"2024","unstructured":"Manto M, Adamaszek M, Apps R et al (2024) Consensus paper: cerebellum and reward. Cerebellum 2024 23(5):2169\u20132192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S12311-024-01702-0","journal-title":"Cerebellum 2024"},{"key":"3020_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4246","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac072","volume":"145","author":"SD McDougle","year":"2022","unstructured":"McDougle SD, Tsay JS, Pitt B et al (2022) Continuous manipulation of mental representations is compromised in cerebellar degeneration. Brain 145:4246\u20134263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awac072","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"3020_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2023.101265","volume":"62","author":"K Mehta","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mehta K, Pines A, Adebimpe A et al (2023) Individual differences in delay discounting are associated with dorsal prefrontal cortex connectivity in children, adolescents, and adults. Dev Cogn Neurosci 62:101265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dcn.2023.101265","journal-title":"Dev Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"3020_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(99)00040-5","volume":"31","author":"FA Middleton","year":"2000","unstructured":"Middleton FA, Strick PL (2000) Basal ganglia and cerebellar loops: motor and cognitive circuits. Brain Res Rev 31:236\u2013250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0165-0173(99)00040-5","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"3020_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450495","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2019.00099","volume":"13","author":"M Miquel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Miquel M, Nicola SM, Gil-Miravet I et al (2019) A working hypothesis for the role of the cerebellum in impulsivity and compulsivity. Front Behav Neurosci 13:450495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2019.00099","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"3020_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2015.03.006","volume":"114","author":"SH Mitchell","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mitchell SH, Wilson VB, Karalunas SL (2015) Comparing hyperbolic, delay-amount sensitivity and present-bias models of delay discounting. Behav Processes 114:52\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beproc.2015.03.006","journal-title":"Behav Processes"},{"key":"3020_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1016\/J.PAID.2007.04.009","volume":"43","author":"S Mobini","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mobini S, Grant A, Kass AE, Yeomans MR (2007) Relationships between functional and dysfunctional impulsivity, delay discounting and cognitive distortions. Pers Individ Dif 43:1517\u20131528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.PAID.2007.04.009","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"key":"3020_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.11.1783","volume":"158","author":"FG Moeller","year":"2001","unstructured":"Moeller FG, Barratt ES, Dougherty DM et al (2001) Psychiatric aspects of impulsivity. Am J Psychiatry 158:1783\u20131793. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.11.1783","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"3020_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-020-01206-7","volume":"20","author":"OP Morgan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Morgan OP, Slapik MB, Iannuzzelli KG et al (2021) The cerebellum and implicit sequencing: evidence from cerebellar ataxia. Cerebellum 20:222\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12311-020-01206-7","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"3020_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1532-5415.2005.53221.X","volume":"53","author":"ZS Nasreddine","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, B\u00e9dirian V et al (2005) The Montreal cognitive assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc 53:695\u2013699. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1532-5415.2005.53221.X","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"3020_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-023-01633-2","volume":"23","author":"J Nicholas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nicholas J, Amlang C, Lin C-YR et al (2023) The role of the cerebellum in learning to predict reward: evidence from cerebellar ataxia. Cerebellum 23:1355\u20131368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12311-023-01633-2","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"3020_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1002\/DYS.408","volume":"16","author":"RI Nicolson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nicolson RI, Fawcett AJ, Brookes RL, Needle J (2010) Procedural learning and dyslexia. Dyslexia 16:194\u2013212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/DYS.408","journal-title":"Dyslexia"},{"key":"3020_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.2011.96-423","volume":"96","author":"AL Odum","year":"2011","unstructured":"Odum AL (2011) Delay discounting: I\u2019M a K, you\u2019re a K. J Exp Anal Behav 96:427\u2013439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1901\/jeab.2011.96-423","journal-title":"J Exp Anal Behav"},{"key":"3020_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4167","volume":"18","author":"S Ohmae","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ohmae S, Medina JF (2015) Climbing fibers encode a temporal-difference prediction error during cerebellar learning in mice. Nat Neurosci 18:1798\u20131803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nn.4167","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"3020_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-8738-6","volume":"265","author":"G Olivito","year":"2018","unstructured":"Olivito G, Lupo M, Iacobacci C et al (2018) Structural cerebellar correlates of cognitive functions in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2. J Neurol 265:597\u2013606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-018-8738-6","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"3020_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JBEF.2017.12.004","volume":"17","author":"S Palan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Palan S, Schitter C (2018) Prolific.ac\u2014A subject pool for online experiments. J Behav Exp Finance 17:22\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JBEF.2017.12.004","journal-title":"J Behav Exp Finance"},{"key":"3020_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(199511)51:6<768::AID-JCLP2270510607>3.0.CO;2-1","volume":"51","author":"JH Patton","year":"1995","unstructured":"Patton JH, Stanford MS, Barratt ES (1995) Factor structure of the Barratt impulsiveness scale. J Clin Psychol 51:768\u2013774","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"3020_CR60","first-page":"255","volume":"12","author":"F Pedregosa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pedregosa F, Varoquaux G, Gramfort A et al (2011) Scikit-learn: machine learning in python. J Mach Learn Res 12:255","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"3020_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2022.114101","author":"P Pennisi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pennisi P, Salehinejad MA, Corso AM et al (2023) Delay discounting in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Behav Brain Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2022.114101","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"3020_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2024.2397835","volume":"39","author":"YD Picciotto","year":"2025","unstructured":"Picciotto YD, Lithwick Algon A, Amit I, Vakil E, Saban W (2025) Large-scale evidence for the validity of remote MoCA administration among people with cerebellar ataxia. Clin Neuropsychol 39(6):1634\u20131650. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13854046.2024.2397835","journal-title":"Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"3020_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1093\/BRAIN\/AWH685","volume":"129","author":"SM Ravizza","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ravizza SM, McCormick CA, Schlerf JE et al (2006) Cerebellar damage produces selective deficits in verbal working memory. Brain 129:306\u2013320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/BRAIN\/AWH685","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"3020_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354214","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00279","volume":"9","author":"MFL Ruitenberg","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ruitenberg MFL, Wu T, Averbeck BB et al (2018) Impulsivity in parkinson\u2019s disease is associated with alterations in affective and sensorimotor striatal networks. Front Neurol 9:354214","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"3020_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.1007\/S00221-022-06423-6","volume":"240","author":"MFL Ruitenberg","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ruitenberg MFL, Koppelmans V, Wu T et al (2022) Neural correlates of risky decision making in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients with impulse control disorders. Exp Brain Res 240:2241\u20132253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00221-022-06423-6","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"3020_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1037\/XGE0000462","volume":"147","author":"JM Rung","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rung JM, Madden GJ (2018) Experimental reductions of delay discounting and impulsive choice: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Exp Psychol Gen 147:1349\u20131381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/XGE0000462","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Gen"},{"key":"3020_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jintelligence11060121","author":"W Saban","year":"2023","unstructured":"Saban W, Gabay S (2023) Contributions of lower structures to higher cognition: towards a dynamic network model. J Intell. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jintelligence11060121","journal-title":"J Intell"},{"key":"3020_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2413","DOI":"10.1162\/JOCN_A_01767","volume":"33","author":"W Saban","year":"2021","unstructured":"Saban W, Ivry RB (2021) PONT: a protocol for online neuropsychological testing. J Cogn Neurosci 33:2413\u20132425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/JOCN_A_01767","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"3020_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1482-22.2023","author":"W Saban","year":"2024","unstructured":"Saban W, Pinheiro-Chagas P, Borra S, Ivry RB (2024) Distinct contributions of the cerebellum and basal ganglia to arithmetic procedures. J Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1482-22.2023","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3020_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2025.101486","volume":"63","author":"W Saban","year":"2025","unstructured":"Saban W, Ullman MT, Janacsek K (2025) Editorial overview: subcortical cognition: redefining the neural substrates of higher cognition. Curr Opin Behav Sci 63:101486","journal-title":"Curr Opin Behav Sci"},{"key":"3020_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.16.3.367","volume":"16","author":"JD Schmahmann","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schmahmann JD (2004) Disorders of the cerebellum: ataxia, dysmetria of thought, and the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 16:367\u2013378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/jnp.16.3.367","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"3020_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000219042.60538.92","volume":"66","author":"T Schmitz-H\u00fcbsch","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schmitz-H\u00fcbsch T, Du Montcel ST, Baliko L et al (2006) Scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia: development of a new clinical scale. Neurology 66:1717\u20131720. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.WNL.0000219042.60538.92","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3020_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26880","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-12787-w","volume":"15","author":"J Sch\u00f6nfeldov\u00e1","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sch\u00f6nfeldov\u00e1 J, Cohen C, Otmazgin O, Saban W (2025) Perceived social support in the daily life of people with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a distinct role and potential classifier. Sci Rep 15:26880","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3020_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.12.032","volume":"106","author":"N Sendhilnathan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sendhilnathan N, Semework M, Goldber ME, Ipata AE (2020) Neural correlates of reinforcement learning in mid-lateral cerebellum. Neuron 106:188\u2013198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.12.032","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"3020_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BBADIS.2014.04.004","volume":"1842","author":"CJLM Smeets","year":"2014","unstructured":"Smeets CJLM, Verbeek DS (2014) Cerebellar ataxia and functional genomics: identifying the routes to cerebellar neurodegeneration. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) 1842:2030\u20132038. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.BBADIS.2014.04.004","journal-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)"},{"key":"3020_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2009.04.008","volume":"47","author":"MS Stanford","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stanford MS, Mathias CW, Dougherty DM et al (2009) Fifty years of the Barratt impulsiveness scale: an update and review. Pers Individ Dif 47:385\u2013395","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"key":"3020_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1016\/J.NEUROIMAGE.2011.08.065","volume":"59","author":"CJ Stoodley","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stoodley CJ, Valera EM, Schmahmann JD (2012) Functional topography of the cerebellum for motor and cognitive tasks: an fMRI study. Neuroimage 59:1560\u20131570. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.NEUROIMAGE.2011.08.065","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"3020_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.31.060407.125606","volume":"32","author":"PL Strick","year":"2009","unstructured":"Strick PL, Dum RP, Fiez JA (2009) Cerebellum and nonmotor function. Annu Rev Neurosci 32:413\u2013434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.neuro.31.060407.125606","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"3020_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25718","DOI":"10.18632\/AGING.104181","volume":"12","author":"ZC Tang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tang ZC, Chen Z, Shi YT et al (2020) Central motor conduction time in spinocerebellar ataxia: a meta-analysis. Aging 12:25718\u201325729. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/AGING.104181","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"3020_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21726","volume":"544","author":"MJ Wagner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wagner MJ, Kim TH, Savall J et al (2017) Cerebellar granule cells encode the expectation of reward. Nature 544:7648. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature21726","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3020_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BBR.2014.08.044","volume":"278","author":"AD Walz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Walz AD, Doppl K, Kaza E et al (2015) Changes in cortical, cerebellar and basal ganglia representation after comprehensive long term unilateral hand motor training. Behav Brain Res 278:393\u2013403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.BBR.2014.08.044","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"3020_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26109-w","volume":"8","author":"RY Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang RY, Huang FY, Soong BW et al (2018) A randomized controlled pilot trial of game-based training in individuals with spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. Sci. Rep. 8:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-26109-w","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"3020_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.NEUBIOREV.2025.106026","volume":"169","author":"ACM Warden","year":"2025","unstructured":"Warden ACM, McAllister C, Ruitenberg MFL, MacDonald HJ (2025) Impulse control in Parkinson\u2019s disease: distinct effects between action and choice. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 169:106026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.NEUBIOREV.2025.106026","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"3020_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66074","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2014.00004","volume":"8","author":"TC Watson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Watson TC, Becker N, Apps R, Jones MW (2014) Back to front: cerebellar connections and interactions with the prefrontal cortex. Front Syst Neurosci 8:66074. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnsys.2014.00004","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci"},{"key":"3020_CR85","first-page":"679","volume-title":"International review of neurobiology","author":"D Weintraub","year":"2017","unstructured":"Weintraub D, Claassen DO (2017) Impulse control and related disorders in Parkinson\u2019s disease. International review of neurobiology. Academic Press Inc., pp 679\u2013717"},{"key":"3020_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3092","volume":"15","author":"R Whelan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Whelan R, Conrod PJ, Poline JB et al (2012) Adolescent impulsivity phenotypes characterized by distinct brain networks. Nat. Neurosci. 15:920\u2013925. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nn.3092","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"3020_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1037\/PHA0000423","volume":"30","author":"Y Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu Y, Towe SL, Causey ST et al (2022) Effects of substance use on monetary delay discounting among people who use stimulants with and without HIV: an ecological momentary assessment study. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 30:39\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/PHA0000423","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"3020_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.NEULET.2021.136082","author":"K Yin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yin K, Zhou C, Yin L et al (2021) Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging of the cerebellar vermis in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease and visuospatial disorder. Neurosci Lett. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.NEULET.2021.136082","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"3020_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8406","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1535-22.2022","volume":"42","author":"J Yoshida","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yoshida J, O\u00f1ate M, Khatami L et al (2022) Cerebellar contributions to the basal ganglia influence motor coordination, reward processing, and movement vigor. J Neurosci 42:8406\u20138415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1535-22.2022","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3020_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CONB.2023.102765","volume":"82","author":"Y Zang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zang Y, De Schutter E (2023) Recent data on the cerebellum require new models and theories. Curr Opin Neurobiol 82:102765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CONB.2023.102765","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neural Transmission"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00702-025-03020-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00702-025-03020-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00702-025-03020-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T15:14:39Z","timestamp":1773846879000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00702-025-03020-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["3020"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00702-025-03020-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9564","1435-1463"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9564","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-1463","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Tel Aviv University (TAU) Institutional Review Board Committee (#0005713-4).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}]}}