{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T15:22:21Z","timestamp":1783092141077,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769817600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neural Transm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Botulinum toxin (BT) is used therapeutically since the late 1980s. For many years, BT drugs were provided by a small group of manufacturers from Europe and the United States. As BT\u2019s use for aesthetic purposes surged, numerous new manufacturers entered the field, particularly from Korea. We want to give an overview about the rapidly expanding and diversifying BT landscape in Korea. Altogether, there are 15 Korean manufacturers of 19 BT drugs registered in Korea, mainly for aesthetic indications. There are 2 Class 1 drugs from 2 Korean manufacturers registered in Korea for export, domestic use and registered in the USA and Europe. These are PrabotulinumtoxinA (Daewoong\/Evolus) and LetibotulinumtoxinA (Hugel\/Croma Pharma). There are 12 Class 2 drugs from 10 Korean manufacturers registered in Korea for export and domestic use, including Neuronox\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    , the first Korean BT drug registered in 2006, NivobotulinumtoxinA\/Innotox\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    , the world-wide first liquid BT type A preparation and Coretox\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    , the world-wide second BT drug without complexing proteins. Innotox\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    and Toxsta\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    are currently performing clinical studies in the USA. Additionally, there are 5 Class 3 BT drugs from 5 Korean manufacturers registered in Korea for export use only. 5 Korean manufacturers have 5 drug projects in Korea in advanced development phases. With this, Korea is now the country with the worldwide largest number of BT manufacturers and BT drugs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-025-03076-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T08:14:48Z","timestamp":1769847288000},"page":"971-975","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Korean botulinum toxins"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Dirk","family":"Dressler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nayoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric A.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fereshte","family":"Adib Saberi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"3076_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1159\/000067023","volume":"49","author":"D Dressler","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dressler D, Benecke R (2003) autonomic side effects of botulinum toxin type B treatment of cervical dystonia and hyperhidrosis. Eur Neurol 49:34\u201338","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"3076_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1159\/000081463","volume":"52","author":"D Dressler","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dressler D, Bigalke H (2004) Antibody-induced failure of botulinum toxin type B therapy in de Novo patients. Eur Neurol 52:132\u2013135","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"3076_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13060370","volume":"13","author":"D Dressler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dressler D, Pan L, Su J, Teng F, Jin L (2021) Lantox-The Chinese botulinum toxin Drug-Complete english bibliography and comprehensive formalised literature review. Toxins 13:370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins13060370","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"3076_CR4","unstructured":"Fortunebusinessinsights (2024). https:\/\/www.fortunebusinessinsights.com\/u-s-botulinum-toxin-market-107506. retrieved 09.10.2024"},{"key":"3076_CR6","unstructured":"Grandviewresearch (2024). https:\/\/www.grandviewresearch.com\/industry-analysis\/south-korea-botulinum-toxin-type-a-market-report. retrieved 09.10.2024"},{"key":"3076_CR5","unstructured":"Grandviewresearch (2023). https:\/\/www.grandviewresearch.com\/industry-analysis\/botulinum-toxin-market. retrieved 09.10.2024"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neural Transmission"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00702-025-03076-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00702-025-03076-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00702-025-03076-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T15:00:21Z","timestamp":1783090821000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00702-025-03076-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"references-count":6,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["3076"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00702-025-03076-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9564","1435-1463"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9564","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-1463","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}