{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T10:43:45Z","timestamp":1792579425074,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neural Transm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-026-03164-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T10:43:08Z","timestamp":1778755388000},"page":"2387-2394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Treatment stability comparison among different ADD-ON therapies in fluctuating Parkinson\u2019s disease patients: the role of clinical and demographic factors"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Domiziana","family":"Rinaldi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Galli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Imbalzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Budicin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Bianchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lanfranco","family":"De Carolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Ledda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Pacilio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Zibetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marika","family":"Alborghetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco Ernesto","family":"Pontieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo Alberto","family":"Artusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Lopiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3164_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.375299","volume":"19","author":"M Alborghetti","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alborghetti M, Bianchini E, De Carolis L, Galli S, Pontieri FE, Rinaldi D (2024) Type-B monoamine oxidase inhibitors in neurological diseases: clinical applications based on preclinical findings. Neural Regen Res 19(1):16\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1673-5374.375299","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"3164_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-020-00889-4","volume":"17","author":"SD Aradi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aradi SD, Hauser RA (2020) Medical management and prevention of motor complications in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurotherapeutics 17(4):1339\u20131365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13311-020-00889-4","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"issue":"6","key":"3164_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-020-03081-x","volume":"77","author":"CA Artusi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Artusi CA, Sarro L, Imbalzano G, Fabbri M, Lopiano L (2021) Safety and efficacy of tolcapone in Parkinson\u2019s disease: systematic review. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 77(6):817\u2013829. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00228-020-03081-x","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3164_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/787451","volume":"2015","author":"D Colombo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Colombo D, Abbruzzese G, Antonini A, Barone P, Bellia G, Franconi F, Simoni L, Attar M, Zagni E, Haggiag S, Stocchi F (2015) The \u201cgender factor\u201d in wearing-off among patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a post hoc analysis of DEEP study. ScientificWorldJournal 2015(1):787451. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/787451","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal"},{"issue":"10","key":"3164_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27475","volume":"33","author":"M Fabbri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fabbri M, Ferreira JJ, Lees A, Stocchi F, Poewe W, Tolosa E, Rascol O (2018) Opicapone for the treatment of Parkinson\u2019s disease: a review of a new licensed medicine. Mov Disord 33(10):1528\u20131539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.27475","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"3164_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-021-00888-9","volume":"36","author":"M Fabbri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fabbri M, Ferreira JJ, Rascol O (2022) COMT inhibitors in the management of Parkinson\u2019s disease. CNS Drugs 36(3):261\u2013282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40263-021-00888-9","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"2","key":"3164_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-022-00435-8","volume":"12","author":"M Fabbri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fabbri M, Barbosa R, Rascol O (2023) Off-time treatment options for Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurol Ther 12(2):391\u2013424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40120-022-00435-8","journal-title":"Neurol Ther"},{"issue":"11","key":"3164_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2272","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29193","volume":"37","author":"JJ Ferreira","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ferreira JJ, Poewe W, Rascol O, Stocchi F, Antonini A, Moreira J, Guimar\u00e3es B, Rocha JF, Soares-da-Silva P (2022) Effect of Opicapone on Levodopa pharmacokinetics in patients with fluctuating Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 37(11):2272\u20132283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.29193","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"3164_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-018-1952-7","volume":"126","author":"JPM Finberg","year":"2019","unstructured":"Finberg JPM (2019) Inhibitors of MAO-B and COMT: their effects on brain dopamine levels and uses in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neural Transm 126(4):433\u2013448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00702-018-1952-7","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"issue":"8","key":"3164_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27372","volume":"33","author":"SH Fox","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fox SH, Katzenschlager R, Lim SY, Barton B, de Bie RMA, Seppi K, Coelho M, Sampaio C, Movement Disorder Society Evidence-Based Medicine Committee (2018) International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society evidence-based medicine review: update on treatments for the motor symptoms of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 33(8):1248\u20131266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.27372","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"3164_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.4736","volume":"79","author":"R Gray","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gray R, Patel S, Ives N, Rick C, Woolley R, Muzerengi S, Gray A, Jenkinson C, McIntosh E, Wheatley K, Williams A, Clarke CE, PD MED Collaborative Group (2022) Long-term effectiveness of adjuvant treatment with Catechol-O-Methyltransferase or Monoamine Oxidase B inhibitors compared with dopamine agonists among patients with Parkinson Disease uncontrolled by Levodopa therapy: the PD MED randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol 79(2):131\u2013140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.4736","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"3164_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137850","volume":"836","author":"M Marano","year":"2024","unstructured":"Marano M, Altavista MC, Cassetta E, Brusa L, Viselli F, Denaro A, Ventriglia M, Peppe A (2024) The influence of sex on non-motor wearing-off in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a WORK-PD post-hoc study. Neurosci Lett 836:137850. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137850","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"1 Suppl 1","key":"3164_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.62.1_suppl_1.s17","volume":"62","author":"JA Obeso","year":"2004","unstructured":"Obeso JA, Rodriguez-Oroz M, Marin C, Alonso F, Zamarbide I, Lanciego JL, Rodriguez-Diaz M (2004) The origin of motor fluctuations in Parkinson\u2019s disease: importance of dopaminergic innervation and basal ganglia circuits. Neurology 62(1 Suppl 1):S17-30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.62.1_suppl_1.s17","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"8","key":"3164_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25364","volume":"28","author":"C Olanow","year":"2013","unstructured":"Olanow C, Kieburtz K, Rascol O, Poewe W, Schapira AH, Emre M et al (2013) Factors predictive of the development of Levodopa- induced dyskinesia and wearing-off in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 28(8):1064\u20131071","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"3164_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.756304","volume":"12","author":"MT Pellecchia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pellecchia MT, Picillo M, Russillo MC, De Pandis MF, Bonizzoni E, Marjanovic I, Cattaneo C (2021) Efficacy of Safinamide and gender differences during routine clinical practice. Front Neurol 12:756304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2021.756304","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"3164_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26424","volume":"30","author":"RB Postuma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Postuma RB, Berg D, Stern M, Poewe W, Olanow CW, Oertel W, Obeso J, Marek K, Litvan I, Lang AE, Halliday G, Goetz CG, Gasser T, Dubois B, Chan P, Bloem BR, Adler CH, Deuschl G (2015) MDS clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 30(12):1591\u2013601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.26424","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"3164_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12921","volume":"7","author":"S Schade","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schade S, Mollenhauer B, Trenkwalder C (2020) Levodopa equivalent dose conversion factors: an updated proposal including Opicapone and Safinamide. Mov Disord Clin Pract 7(3):343\u2013345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mdc3.12921","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"issue":"7","key":"3164_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-010-0424-5","volume":"117","author":"M Stacy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stacy M (2010) The wearing-off phenomenon and the use of questionnaires to facilitate its recognition in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 117(7):837\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00702-010-0424-5","journal-title":"J Neural Transm (Vienna)"},{"issue":"1","key":"3164_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-022-00339-2","volume":"8","author":"T Tsuboi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tsuboi T, Satake Y, Hiraga K, Yokoi K, Hattori M, Suzuki M, Hara K, Ramirez-Zamora A, Okun MS, Katsuno M (2022) Effects of MAO-B inhibitors on non-motor symptoms and quality of life in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 8(1):75. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41531-022-00339-2","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 11","key":"3164_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20459","volume":"20","author":"K Widnell","year":"2005","unstructured":"Widnell K (2005) Pathophysiology of motor fluctuations in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 20(Suppl 11):S17-22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.20459","journal-title":"Mov Disord"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neural Transmission"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00702-026-03164-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00702-026-03164-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00702-026-03164-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T10:19:35Z","timestamp":1792577975000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00702-026-03164-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["3164"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00702-026-03164-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9564","1435-1463"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9564","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-1463","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"We confirm that we have read the Journal\u2019s position on issues involved in ethical publication and affirm that this work is consistent with those guidelines. The study was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki principles. All patients gave their written informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}