{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T10:43:26Z","timestamp":1792579406623,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":169,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neural Transm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-026-03202-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T10:46:27Z","timestamp":1782729987000},"page":"2055-2067","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neurodegenerative diseases and environmental risk factors: an overview of the available scientific evidence"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"133","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9474-9618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Stipa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2216-3973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Colosimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2817-3758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Vanacore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"3202_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-023-1908-1","volume":"27","author":"S Abudahab","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abudahab S, Price ET, Dozmorov MG, Deshpande LS, McClay JL (2023) The aryl hydrocarbon receptor, epigenetics and the aging process. J Nutr Health Aging 27:291\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12603-023-1908-1","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"3202_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.22034\/ijab.v4i4.178","volume":"4","author":"SS Ali","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ali SS, Acharyya N, Maiti S (2016) Promising anti-oxidative therapeutic potentials of edible freshwater snail Bellamya bengalensis extract against arsenic-induced rat hepatic tissue and DNA damage. Int J Aquat Biol 4:239\u2013255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22034\/ijab.v4i4.178","journal-title":"Int J Aquat Biol"},{"key":"3202_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1159\/000453359","volume":"17","author":"AS Andrew","year":"2017","unstructured":"Andrew AS, Caller TA, Tandon R et al (2017) Environmental and occupational exposures and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in New England. Neurodegener Dis 17:110\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000453359","journal-title":"Neurodegener Dis"},{"key":"3202_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104511","volume":"90","author":"SJ Andrews","year":"2023","unstructured":"Andrews SJ (2023) The complex genetic architecture of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: novel insights and future directions. EBioMedicine 90:104511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104511","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"3202_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2718","DOI":"10.1080\/09603123.2021.1987396","volume":"32","author":"A Arab","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arab A, Mostafalou S (2022) Neurotoxicity of pesticides in the context of CNS chronic diseases. Int J Environ Health Res 32:2718\u20132755. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09603123.2021.1987396","journal-title":"Int J Environ Health Res"},{"key":"3202_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172838","volume":"931","author":"A Aravindan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aravindan A, Newell ME, Halden RU (2024) Literature review and meta-analysis of environmental toxins associated with increased risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Sci Total Environ 931:172838. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172838","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"3202_CR7","unstructured":"ATSDR (2023) Agency for toxic substances and disease registry. Arsenic toxicity, https:\/\/ www.atsdr.cdc.gov\/csem\/arsenic\/coverpage"},{"key":"3202_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11010110","volume":"11","author":"SW Ballinger","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ballinger SW (2021) Mitochondrial dysfunction as a hallmark of environmental injury. Cells 11:110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11010110","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"3","key":"3202_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000078320.18564.9f","volume":"61","author":"SA Banack","year":"2003","unstructured":"Banack SA, Cox PA (2003) Biomagnification of cycad neurotoxins in flying foxes: Implications for ALS-PD in Guam. Neurology 61(3):387\u2013389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.wnl.0000078320.18564.9f","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"12","key":"3202_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2837","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins2122837","volume":"2","author":"SA Banack","year":"2010","unstructured":"Banack SA, Caller TA, Stommel EW (2010) The cyanobacteria derived toxin Beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Toxins (Basel) 2(12):2837\u20132850. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins2122837","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"3202_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins7020322","volume":"7","author":"SA Banack","year":"2015","unstructured":"Banack SA, Caller T, Henegan P, Haney J, Murby A, Metcalf JS et al (2015) Detection of cyanotoxins, \u03b2-N-methylamino-l-alanine and microcystins, from a lake surrounded by cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Toxins 7:322\u2013336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins7020322","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"3202_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.12.033","volume":"1259","author":"RM Bartlett","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bartlett RM, Holden JE, Nickles RJ, Murali D, Barbee DL, DeJesus TE, Barnhart OT et al (2009) Paraquat is excluded by the blood brain barrier in rhesus macaque: an in vivo pet study. Brain Res 1259:74\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.12.033","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"3202_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6667","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-022-06319-x","volume":"43","author":"G Bellomo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bellomo G, Piscopo P, Corbo M, Pupillo E, Stipa G, Beghi E et al (2022) A systematic review on the risk of neurodegenerative diseases and neurocognitive disorders in professional and varsity athletes. Neurol Sci 43(12):6667\u20136691. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-022-06319-x","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"3202_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01419-8","volume":"403","author":"Y Ben-Shlomo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ben-Shlomo Y, Darweesh S, Llibre-Guerra J, Marras C, San Luciano M, Tanner C (2024) The epidemiology of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Lancet 403:283\u2013292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01419-8","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3202_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.02.032","volume":"292","author":"L Berntzon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Berntzon L, Ronnevi L, Bergman B, Eriksson J (2015) Detection of BMAA in the human central nervous system. Neuroscience 292:137\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.02.032","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"3202_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.08.051","volume":"159","author":"G Bj\u00f8rklund","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bj\u00f8rklund G, Dadar M, Mutter J, Aaseth J (2017) The toxicology of mercury: current research and emerging trends. Environ Res 159:545\u2013554. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2017.08.051","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"3202_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2009.05.009","volume":"32","author":"ML Block","year":"2009","unstructured":"Block ML, Calderon-Garciduenas L (2009) Air pollution: mechanisms of neuroinflammation and CNS disease. Trends Neurosci 32:506\u2013516. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tins.2009.05.009","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"3202_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2012.08.014","volume":"33","author":"ML Block","year":"2012","unstructured":"Block ML, Elder A, Auten RL, Bilbo SD, Chen H, Chen JC et al (2012) The outdoor air pollution and brain health workshop. Neurotoxicology 33:972\u2013984. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuro.2012.08.014","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"3202_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e948","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(23)00255-3","volume":"7","author":"BR Bloem","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bloem BR, Boonstra TA (2023) The inadequacy of current pesticide regulations for protecting brain health: the case of glyphosate and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Lancet Planet Health 7:e948\u2013e949. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2542-5196(23)00255-3","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"},{"key":"3202_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1071\/MF9960643","volume":"47","author":"L Bowling","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bowling L, Baker P (1996) Major cyanobacterial bloom in the Barwon-Darling River, Australia, in 1991, and underlying limnological conditions. Mar Freshw Res 47:643\u2013657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/MF9960643","journal-title":"Mar Freshw Res"},{"key":"3202_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1159\/000495321","volume":"25","author":"WG Bradley","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bradley WG, Andrew AS, Traynor BJ, Chi A, Butt TH, Stommel EW (2018) Gene-environment-time interactions in neurodegenerative diseases: hypotheses and research approaches. Ann Neurosci 25:261\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000495321","journal-title":"Ann Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"3202_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-019-01964-7","volume":"137","author":"K Burk","year":"2019","unstructured":"Burk K, Pasterkamp RJ (2019) Disrupted neuronal trafficking in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol 137(6):859\u2013877. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00401-019-01964-7","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"3202_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2021.108875","volume":"704","author":"V Calabro","year":"2021","unstructured":"Calabro V, Garces M, Caceres L, Magnani ND, Marchini T, Freire A et al (2021) Urban air pollution induces alterations in redox metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction in mice brain cortex. Arch Biochem Biophys 704:108875\u2013108883. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.abb.2021.108875","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"3202_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109226","volume":"183","author":"L Calder\u00f3n-Garcidue\u00f1as","year":"2020","unstructured":"Calder\u00f3n-Garcidue\u00f1as L, Herrera-Soto A, Jury N, Maher BA, Gonz\u00e1lez-Maciel A, Reynoso-Robles R et al (2020) Reduced repressive epigenetic marks, increased DNA damage and Alzheimer\u2019s disease hallmarks in the brain of humans and mice exposed to particulate urban air pollution. Environ Res 183:109226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109226","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"3202_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-141","volume":"43","author":"L Calder\u00f3n-Garcidue\u00f1as","year":"2015","unstructured":"Calder\u00f3n-Garcidue\u00f1as L, Vojdani A, Blaurock-Busch E, Busch Y, Friedle A, Franco-Lira M et al (2015) Air pollution and children: neural and tight junction antibodies and combustion metals; the role of barrier breakdown and brain immunity in neurodegeneration. J Alzheimers Dis 43:1039\u20131058. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-141","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"3202_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3109\/17482960903278485","volume":"10","author":"TA Caller","year":"2009","unstructured":"Caller TA, Doolin JW, Haney JF, Murby AJ, West KG, Farrar HE et al (2009) A cluster of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in New Hampshire: a possible role for toxic cyanobacteria blooms. Amyotrop Lateral Scler 10:101\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/17482960903278485","journal-title":"Amyotrop Lateral Scler"},{"issue":"6","key":"3202_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2009.08.009","volume":"9","author":"G Cannino","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cannino G, Ferruggia E, Luparello C, Rinaldi AM (2009) Cadmium and mitochondria. Mitochondrion 9(6):377\u2013384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mito.2009.08.009","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"3202_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.011096","volume":"109","author":"WW Carmichael","year":"2001","unstructured":"Carmichael WW, Azevedo S, An JS, Molica R, Jochimsen EM, Lau S et al (2001) Human fatalities from cyanobacteria: chemical and biological evidence for cyanotoxins. Environ Health Perspect 109:663\u2013668. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.011096","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"3202_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2017.06.001","volume":"387","author":"D Cattani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cattani D (2017) Developmental exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide and depressive-like behavior in adult offspring: implication of glutamate excitotoxicity and oxidative stress. Toxicology 387:67\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tox.2017.06.001","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"3202_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics9060142","volume":"9","author":"H Cheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheng H (2021) Mechanisms of metal-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in neurological disorders. Toxics 9:142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxics9060142","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"issue":"4","key":"3202_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10937404.2017.1297592","volume":"20","author":"N Chernoff","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chernoff N, Hill DJ, Diggs DL et al (2017) A critical review of the postulated role of non-essential amino acid, \u03b2-N-methylamino-L-alanine, in neurodegenerative disease in humans. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev 20(4):1\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10937404.2017.1297592","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"3202_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1080\/17482960902721634","volume":"10","author":"A Chio","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chio A, Calvo A, Dossena M, Ghiglione P, Mutani R, Mora G (2009) ALS in Italian professional soccer players: the risk is still present and could be soccer-specific. Amyotroph Lateral Scler 10(4):205\u2013209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17482960902721634","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler"},{"issue":"1","key":"3202_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2008.4.1.23","volume":"4","author":"JW Cho","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cho JW, Jeon BS, Jeong D, Choi YJ, Lee JY, Lee HS et al (2008) Association between parkinsonism and participation in agriculture in Korea. J Clin Neurol 4(1):23\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3988\/jcn.2008.4.1.23","journal-title":"J Clin Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3202_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.480230915","volume":"23","author":"DW Choi","year":"1992","unstructured":"Choi DW (1992) Excitotoxic cell death. J Neurobiol 23(9):1261\u20131276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/neu.480230915","journal-title":"J Neurobiol"},{"key":"3202_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003081449","volume-title":"Toxic cyanobacteria in water: a guide to their public health consequences, monitoring and management","author":"I Chorus","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chorus I (2021) Toxic cyanobacteria in water: a guide to their public health consequences, monitoring and management, 2nd ed. Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL, USA. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1201\/9781003081449","edition":"2nd ed."},{"key":"3202_CR36","first-page":"385","volume":"6","author":"MT Corasaniti","year":"1991","unstructured":"Corasaniti MT, Defilippo R, Rodin\u00f2 P, Nappi G, Nistic\u00f2 G (1991) Evidence that paraquat is able to cross the blood-brain barrier to a different extent in rats of various age. Funct Neurol 6:385\u2013391","journal-title":"Funct Neurol"},{"key":"3202_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1999.00748.x","volume":"113","author":"E Corsini","year":"1999","unstructured":"Corsini E, Asti L, Viviani B (1999) Sodium arsenate induces overproduction of interleukin-alpha in murine keratinocytes: role of mitochondria. J Investig Dermatol 113:760\u2013765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1999.00748.x","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3202_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.58.6.956","volume":"58","author":"PA Cox","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cox PA, Sacks OW (2002) Cycad neurotoxins, consumption of flying foxes, and ALS-PDC disease in Guam. Neurology 58(6):956\u2013959. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.58.6.956","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"23","key":"3202_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13380","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2235808100","volume":"100","author":"PA Cox","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cox PA, Banack SA, Murch SJ (2003) Biomagnification of cyanobacterial neurotoxins and neurodegenerative disease among the Chamorro people of Guam. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100(23):13380\u201313383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2235808100","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"3202_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5074","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0501526102","volume":"102","author":"PA Cox","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cox PA, Banack SA, Murch SJ, Rasmussen U, Tien G, Bidigare RR et al (2005) Diverse taxa of cyanobacteria produce \u03b2-N-methylamino-L-alanine, a neurotoxic amino acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:5074\u20135078. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0501526102","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"3202_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2025","volume":"176","author":"S Dallere","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dallere S, Ras\u00e0 DM, Pavarino G, Schellino R, Vercelli A, Boido M (2025) The exposome from neurodevelopment to neurodegeneration: a narrative review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 176:106247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2025","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"3202_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-204X2003001100012","volume":"38","author":"MM de Andr\u00e9a","year":"2003","unstructured":"de Andr\u00e9a MM, Peres TB, Luchini LC, Bazarin S, Papini S, Matallo MB et al (2003) Influence of repeated applications of glyphosate on its persistence and soil bioactivity. Pesqui Agropecu Bras 38:1329\u20131335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S0100-204X2003001100012","journal-title":"Pesqui Agropecu Bras"},{"issue":"1","key":"3202_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870110105","volume":"11","author":"G De Michele","year":"1996","unstructured":"De Michele G, Filla A, Volpe G, De Marco V, Gogliettino A, Ambrosio G et al (1996) Environmental and genetic risk factors in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a case-control study in southern Italy. Mov Disord 11(1):17\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.870110105","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"3202_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-230","volume":"97","author":"SM de la Monte","year":"2024","unstructured":"de la Monte SM, Tong M (2024) Agent orange herbicidal toxin-initiation of Alzheimer-type neurodegeneration. J Alzheimers Dis 97:1703\u20131726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-230","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3202_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-020-00302-0","volume":"39","author":"RA Dunlop","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dunlop RA, Banack SA, Bishop SL et al (2021) Is exposure to BMAA a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases? A response to a critical review of the BMAA hypothesis. Neurotox Res 39(1):81\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12640-020-00302-0","journal-title":"Neurotox Res"},{"key":"3202_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075376","volume":"8","author":"RA Dunlop","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dunlop RA, Cox PA, Banack SA, Rodgers KJ (2013) The non-protein amino acid BMAA is misincorporated into human proteins in place of L-Serine causing protein misfolding and aggregation. PLoS ONE 8:e75376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0075376","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3202_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.2028-18","volume":"58","author":"M Eriguchi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Eriguchi M (2019) Parkinsonism relating to intoxication with glyphosate. Intern Med 58:1935\u20131938. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2169\/internalmedicine.2028-18","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"3202_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.20062","volume":"19","author":"K Felix","year":"2005","unstructured":"Felix K, Manna SK, Wise K (2005) Low levels of arsenite activates nuclear factor-kappaB and activator protein-1 in immortalized mesencephalic cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 19(2):67\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbt.20062","journal-title":"J Biochem Mol Toxicol"},{"key":"3202_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2729","DOI":"10.3390\/md9122729","volume":"9","author":"A Ferr\u00e3o-Filho","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ferr\u00e3o-Filho A (2011) Cyanotoxins: bioaccumulation and effects on aquatic animals. Mar Drugs 9:2729\u20132772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/md9122729","journal-title":"Mar Drugs"},{"issue":"3","key":"3202_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17030857","volume":"17","author":"T Filippini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Filippini T, Fiore M, Tesauro M et al (2020) Clinical and lifestyle factors and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a population- based case-control study. Int J Environ Res Public Heal 17(3):857. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17030857","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Heal"},{"issue":"3","key":"3202_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ENVRES.2007.03.002","volume":"104","author":"MM Finkelstein","year":"2007","unstructured":"Finkelstein MM, Jerrett M (2007) A study of the relationships between Parkinson\u2019s disease and markers of traffic-derived and environmental manganese air pollution in two Canadian cities. Environ Res 104(3):420\u2013432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ENVRES.2007.03.002","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3202_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.62.1.91","volume":"62","author":"JA Firestone","year":"2005","unstructured":"Firestone JA, Smith-Weller T, Franklin G, Swanson P, Longstreth WT Jr, Checkoway H (2005) Pesticides and risk of Parkinson disease: a population-based case-control study. Arch Neurol 62(1):91\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archneur.62.1.91","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"3202_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2009.08.001","volume":"30","author":"M Fujimura","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fujimura M, Usuki F, Sawada M, Takashima A (2009) Methylmercury induces neuropathological changes with tau hyperphosphorylation mainly through the activation of the c-jun-N-terminal kinase pathway in the cerebral cortex, but not in the hippocampus of the mouse brain. Neurotoxicology 30:1000\u20131007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuro.2009.08.001","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"3202_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-04-01228.2003","volume":"23","author":"HM Gao","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gao HM, Hong JS, Zhang W, Liu B (2003) Synergistic dopaminergic neurotoxicity of the pesticide rotenone and inflammogen lipopolysaccharide: Relevance to the etiology of Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurosci 23:1228\u20131236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-04-01228.2003","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3202_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2023.01.002","volume":"10","author":"SP Garamszegi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Garamszegi SP, Banack SA, Duque LL, Metcalf JS, Stommel EW, Cox PA et al (2023) Detection of \u03b2-N-methylamino-Lalanine in postmortem olfactory bulbs of Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients using UHPLC-MS\/MS: an autopsy case-series study. Toxicol Rep 10:87\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxrep.2023.01.002","journal-title":"Toxicol Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"3202_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0900852","volume":"117","author":"NM Gatto","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gatto NM, Cockburn M, Bronstein J, Manthripragada AD, Ritz B (2009) Well-water consumption and Parkinson\u2019s disease in rural California. Environ Health Perspect 117(12):1912\u20131918. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.0900852","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"3202_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2011.04026.x","volume":"72","author":"IB Gawarammana","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gawarammana IB, Buckley NA (2011) Medical management of paraquat ingestion. Br J Clin Pharmacol 72:745\u2013757. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2011.04026.x","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"3202_CR58","first-page":"2024","volume-title":"(GBD 2021) Results; Institute for health metrics and evaluation (IHME): Seattle","author":"GBD 2021. Global burden of disease collaborative network. global burden of disease study","year":"2021","unstructured":"GBD (2021) Global burden of disease collaborative network. Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) results; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), Seattle,WA, USA, 2024"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"3202_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122335","volume":"285","author":"Y Gong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gong Y, Yu Y, Zhang K, Cambronero Del Rosario IP, Cockburn M, Thompson LK et al (2025) Agricultural copper pesticide exposure and DNA methylation in Central Valley of California residents with and without Parkinson\u2019s disease. Environ Res 285(Pt 1):122335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122335","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"3202_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/J.NEURO.2024.04.001","volume":"102","author":"LF Gonzalez-Cuyar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Cuyar LF, Nelson G, Nielsen SS et al (2024) Olfactory tract\/bulb metal concentration in Manganese-exposed mineworkers. Neurotoxicology 102:96\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.NEURO.2024.04.001","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"issue":"10","key":"3202_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-023-00867-2","volume":"19","author":"SA Goutman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Goutman SA, Savelieff MG, Jang DG, Hur J, Feldman EL (2023) The amyotrophic lateral sclerosis exposome: recent advances and future directions. Nat Rev Neurol 19(10):617\u2013634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41582-023-00867-2","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"3202_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122899","volume":"457","author":"JB Goutman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Goutman JB, Boss J, Jang DG, Piecuch C, Farid H et al (2024) Avocational exposure associations with ALS risk, survival, and phenotype: a Michigan-based case-control study. J Neurol Sci 457:122899. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122899","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"3202_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-005-0859-z","volume":"252","author":"V Govoni","year":"2005","unstructured":"Govoni V, Granieri E, Fallica E, Casetta I (2005) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, rural environment and agricultural work in the local health district of Ferrara, Italy, in the years 1964\u20131998. J Neurol 252(11):1322\u20131327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-005-0859-z","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"3202_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2012.10.062","volume":"53","author":"D Guti\u00e9rrez-Praena","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Praena D, Jos \u00c1, Pichardo S, Moreno IM, Came\u00e1n AM (2013) Presence and bioaccumulation of microcystins and cylindrospermopsin in food and the effectiveness of some cooking techniques at decreasing their concentrations: a review. Food Chem Toxicol 53:139\u2013152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2012.10.062","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"3202_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-5179-8_15","volume-title":"Cadmium: from toxicity to essentiality","author":"A Hartwig","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hartwig A (2013) Cadmium and cancer. In: Sigel A, Sigel H, Sigel R (eds) Cadmium: from toxicity to essentiality. Metal ions in life sciences, Springer Dordrecht. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-94-007-5179-8_15"},{"issue":"1","key":"3202_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35822","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-19693-1","volume":"15","author":"B He","year":"2025","unstructured":"He B, Fu Z, Liang Y, Liang J, Zeng D, Zhong Y et al (2025) Netrin-1 as a molecular mediator linking APOE \u03b54 to Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathogenesis. Sci Rep 15(1):35822. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-19693-1","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"16","key":"3202_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3094","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12163094","volume":"12","author":"Y He","year":"2023","unstructured":"He Y, Fang H, Pan X et al (2023) Cadmium exposure in aquatic products and health risk classification assessment in residents of Zhejiang China. Foods 12(16):3094. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods12163094","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"3202_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2008.08.006","volume":"8","author":"J Heisler","year":"2008","unstructured":"Heisler J, Glibert PM, Burkholder JM, Anderson DM, Cochlan W, Dennison WC et al (2008) Eutrophication and harmful algal blooms: a scientific consensus. Harmful Algae 8:3\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hal.2008.08.006","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"3202_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70062-6","volume":"8","author":"EC Hirsch","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hirsch EC, Hunot S (2009) Neuroinflammation in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a target for neuroprotection? Lancet Neurol 8:382\u2013397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70062-6","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"3202_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10808","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231810808","volume":"23","author":"M Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang M, Bargues-Carot A, Riaz Z, Wickham H, Zenitsky G, Jin H, Anantharam V et al (2022) Impact of environmental risk factors on mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, protein misfolding, and oxidative stress in the etiopathogenesis of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Int J Mol Sci 23:10808. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms231810808","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"3202_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Institute of medicine IO (2009) Veterans and agent Orange: Update 2008; National academies press: Washington, DC, USA 706. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/12662","DOI":"10.17226\/12662"},{"key":"3202_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-017-0142-3","volume":"4","author":"RL Jayaraj","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jayaraj RL et al (2017) Outdoor ambient air pollution and neurodegenerative diseases: the neuroinflammation Hypothesis. Curr Environ Health Rep 4:166\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40572-017-0142-3","journal-title":"Curr Environ Health Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"3202_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-024-03903-2","volume":"99","author":"K Jomova","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jomova K, Alomar SY, Nepovimova E, Kuca K, Valko M (2025) Heavy metals: toxicity and human health effects. Arch Toxicol 99(1):153\u2013209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00204-024-03903-2","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3202_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/s0892-0362(02)00270-2","volume":"24","author":"BI Ju\u00e1rez","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ju\u00e1rez BI, Mart\u00ednez ML, Montante M (2002) Methylmercury increases glutamate extracellular levels in the frontal cortex of awake rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol 24(6):767\u2013771. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0892-0362(02)00270-2","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol"},{"key":"3202_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3402","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26073402","volume":"26","author":"S Kalenik","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kalenik S, Zaczek A, Rodacka A (2025) Air pollution-induced neurotoxicity: the relationship between air pollution, epigenetic changes, and neurological disorders. Int J Mol Sci 26:3402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26073402","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"3202_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2014.29.12.1610","volume":"29","author":"H Kang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kang H, Cha ES, Choi GJ, Lee WJ (2014) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and agricultural environments: a systematic review. J Korean Med Sci 29(12):1610\u20131617. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3346\/jkms.2014.29.12.1610","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"3202_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"author reply 41","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000278071.91524.4d","volume":"69","author":"AI Kaplin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kaplin AI, Williams M (2007) How common are the \u201ccommon\u201d neurologic disorders? Neurology 69(4):author reply 410-authorreply411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.wnl.0000278071.91524.4d","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3202_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.2147\/DNND.S482018","volume":"15","author":"NM Khindri","year":"2025","unstructured":"Khindri NM, Maj MC (2025) Manganese-Induced Parkinsonism: A Review of Etiologies and Treatments. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis. 15:65\u201379. (eCollection 2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/DNND.S482018","journal-title":"Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis."},{"key":"3202_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.2131\/jts.39.625","volume":"39","author":"D-K Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim D-K, Park J-D, Choi B-S (2014) Mercury-induced amyloid-beta (A\u03b2) accumulation in the brain is mediated by disruption of A\u03b2 transport. J Toxicol Sci 39:625\u2013635. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2131\/jts.39.625","journal-title":"J Toxicol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"3202_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.9198","volume":"8","author":"B Krzyzanowski","year":"2025","unstructured":"Krzyzanowski B, Mullan AF, Dorsey ER, Chirag SS, Turcano P, Camerucci E et al (2025) Proximity to golf courses and risk of Parkinson disease. JAMA Netw Open 8(5):e259198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.9198","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"891","key":"3202_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.164429","volume":"15","author":"D Kumar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kumar D, Sinha SN, Rajendra S, Sharma K (2023) Assessing farmer\u2019s exposure to pesticides and the risk for non-communicable diseases: a biomonitoring study. Sci Total Environ 15(891):164429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.164429","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"3202_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121597","volume":"278","author":"D Kwon","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kwon D, Paul KC, O\u2019Sharkey K, Paik SA, Yu Y, Bronstein JM, Ritz B (2025) Challenges in studying air pollution to neurodegenerative diseases. Environ Res 278:121597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121597","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"3202_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031851","volume":"23","author":"RNL Lamptey","year":"1851","unstructured":"Lamptey RNL, Chaulagain B, Trivedi R, Gothwal A, Layek B, Singh J (2022) A review of the common neurodegenerative disorders: current therapeutic approaches and the potential role of nanotherapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 23:1851. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23031851","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"3202_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-017-9802-1","volume":"33","author":"A Laugeray","year":"2018","unstructured":"Laugeray A (2018) Perinatal exposure to the cyanotoxin \u03b2-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) results in long-lasting behavioral changes in offspring: potential involvement of DNA damage and oxidative stress. Neurotox Res 33:87\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12640-017-9802-1","journal-title":"Neurotox Res"},{"key":"3202_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/S0753-3322(99)80077-8","volume":"53","author":"DG Le Couteur","year":"1999","unstructured":"Le Couteur DG, McLean AJ, Taylor MC, Woodham BL, Board PG (1999) Pesticides and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Biomed Pharmacother 53:122\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0753-3322(99)80077-8","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"3202_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2024.84","volume":"11","author":"W Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee W, Lee S, Kang SK, Choi W-J (2024) Risk of dementia in Korean Vietnam War veterans. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 11:1378\u20131383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14283\/jpad.2024.84","journal-title":"J Prev Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"19","key":"3202_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31826daf50","volume":"79","author":"EJ Lehman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lehman EJ, Hein MJ, Baron SL, Gersic CM (2012) Neurodegenerative causes of death among retired national football league players. Neurology 79(19):1970\u20131974. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31826daf50","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3202_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SCITOTENV.2022.155358","volume":"834","author":"K Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu K, Liu Z, Liu Z et al (2022) Manganese induces S-nitrosylation of PINK1 leading to nerve cell damage by repressing PINK1\/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Sci Total Environ 834:155358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.SCITOTENV.2022.155358","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"3202_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000730","volume":"32","author":"E Longinetti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Longinetti E, Fang F (2019) Epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an update of recent literature. Curr Opin Neurol 32:771\u2013776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000730","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"3202_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ECOENV.2023.115238","volume":"263","author":"M Lu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lu M, Deng P, Yang L et al (2023) Manganese overexposure induces Parkinson-like symptoms, altered lipid signature and oxidative stress in C57BL\/6 J mouse. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 263:263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ECOENV.2023.115238","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"issue":"19","key":"3202_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1908483","volume":"381","author":"DF Mackay","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mackay DF, Russell ER, Stewart K et al (2019) Neurodegenerative disease mortality among former professional soccer players. N Engl J Med 381(19):1801\u20131808. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1908483","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3202_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1897\/05-029R.1","volume":"25","author":"C Malbrouck","year":"2006","unstructured":"Malbrouck C, Kestemont P (2006) Effects of microcystins on fish. Environ Toxicol Chem Int J 25:72\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1897\/05-029R.1","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem Int J"},{"key":"3202_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149886","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1149886","volume":"15","author":"V Manera","year":"2023","unstructured":"Manera V, Rovini E, Wais P (2023) Editorial: Early detection of neurodegenerative disorders using behavioral markers and new technologies: new methods and perspectives. Front Aging Neurosci 15:1149886. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1149886","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"3202_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205016666191010114744","volume":"16","author":"B Manivannan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Manivannan B, Yegambaram M, Supowit S, Beach TG, Halden RU (2019) Assessment of persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic organic environmental pollutants in liver and adipose tissue of alzheimer\u2019s disease patients and age-matched controls. Curr Alzheimer Res 16:1039\u20131049. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1567205016666191010114744","journal-title":"Curr Alzheimer Res"},{"key":"3202_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.010","volume":"151","author":"IY Massey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Massey IY, Yang F, Ding Z, Yang S, Guo J, Al-Osman M et al (2018) Exposure routes and health effects of microcystins on animals and humans: a mini-review. Toxicon 151:156\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.010","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"3202_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-020-02044-8","volume":"198","author":"N Medda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Medda N, Patra R, Ghosh TK et al (2020) Neurotoxic mechanism of arsenic: synergistic effect of mitochondrial instability, oxidative stress, and hormonal-neurotransmitter impairment. Biol Trace Elem Res 198:8\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12011-020-02044-8","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"3202_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36363","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36363","volume":"6","author":"JP Meneely","year":"2016","unstructured":"Meneely JP, Chevallier OP, Graham S, Greer B, Green BD, Elliott CT (2016) methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) is not found in the brains of patients with confirmed Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Sci Rep 6:36363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep36363","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"3202_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-023-00866-3","volume":"19","author":"K Men\u0161\u00edkov\u00e1","year":"2023","unstructured":"Men\u0161\u00edkov\u00e1 K, Steele JC, Rosales R, Colosimo C, Spencer P, Lannuzel A et al (2023) Endemic parkinsonism: clusters, biology and clinical features. Nat Rev Neurol 19(10):599\u2013616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41582-023-00866-3","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"3202_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3109\/17482960903272942","volume":"10","author":"JS Metcalf","year":"2009","unstructured":"Metcalf JS, Codd GA (2009) Cyanobacteria, neurotoxins and water resources: are there implications for human neurodegenerative disease? Amyotroph Lateral Scler 10(Suppl 2):74\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/17482960903272942","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler"},{"issue":"14","key":"3202_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3418","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20143418","volume":"20","author":"H Mochizuki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mochizuki H (2019) Arsenic neurotoxicity in humans. Int J Mol Sci 20(14):3418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20143418","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"3202_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2016.07.004","volume":"337","author":"SJ Moe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moe SJ, Haande S, Couture R-M (2016) Climate change, cyanobacteria blooms and ecological status of lakes: a Bayesian network approach. Ecol Model 337:330\u2013347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2016.07.004","journal-title":"Ecol Model"},{"key":"3202_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152901","volume":"461","author":"A Mondal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mondal A, Saha P, Bose D, Chatterjee S, Seth RK, Xiao S et al (2021) Environmental microcystin exposure in underlying NAFLD-induced exacerbation of neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and neurodegeneration are NLRP3 and S100B dependent. Toxicology 461:152901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152901","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"5","key":"3202_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000174523.62022.52","volume":"65","author":"TJ Montine","year":"2005","unstructured":"Montine TJ, Li K, Perl DP et al (2005) Lack of beta-methylamino-lalanine in brain from controls, AD, or Chamorros with PDC. Neurology 65(5):768\u2013769","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3202_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/472751","volume":"2012","author":"PV Moulton","year":"2012","unstructured":"Moulton PV, Yang W (2012) Air pollution, oxidative stress, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Environ Public Health 2012:472751. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/472751","journal-title":"J Environ Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"3202_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1515\/reveh-2020-0026","volume":"35","author":"M Muniroh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Muniroh M (2020) Methylmercury-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines activation and its preventive strategy using anti-inflammation N-acetyl-l-cysteine: a mini-review. Rev Environ Health 35(3):233\u2013238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/reveh-2020-0026","journal-title":"Rev Environ Health"},{"key":"3202_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2004.00320","volume":"110","author":"SJ Murch","year":"2004","unstructured":"Murch SJ, Cox PA, Banack SA, Steele JC, Sacks OW (2004) Occurrence of \u03b2-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA) in. ALS\/PDC patients from Guam. Acta Neurol Scand 110:267\u2013269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2004.00320","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"3202_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msq295","volume":"28","author":"SA Murray","year":"2011","unstructured":"Murray SA, Mihali TK, Neilan BA (2011) Extraordinary conservation, gene loss, and positive selection in the evolution of an ancient neurotoxin. Mol Biol Evol 28:1173\u20131182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/molbev\/msq295","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"3202_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)86928-9","volume":"265","author":"TG Myers","year":"1990","unstructured":"Myers TG, Nelson SD (1990) Neuroactive carbamate adducts of beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine and ethylenediamine. Detection and quantitation under physiological conditions by 13C NMR. J Biol Chem 265:10193\u201310195","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"3202_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics13020114","volume":"13","author":"ME Newell","year":"2025","unstructured":"Newell ME, Aravindan A, Babbrah A, Halden RU (2025) Epigenetic Biomarkers Driven by Environmental Toxins Associated with Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Parkinson\u2019s Disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in the United States: a Systematic Review Toxics 13(2):114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxics13020114","journal-title":"Parkinson's Disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in the United States: a Systematic Review Toxics"},{"key":"3202_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504","volume":"817","author":"ME Newell","year":"2022","unstructured":"Newell ME, Adhikari S, Halden RU (2022) Systematic and state-of the science review of the role of environmental factors in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or Lou Gehrig\u2019s disease. Sci Total Environ 817:152504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"3202_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics10060278","volume":"10","author":"NTH Nhung","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nhung NTH, Nguyen XT, Long VD, Wei Y, Fujita T (2022) A review of soil contaminated with dioxins and biodegradation technologies: current status and future prospects. Toxics 10:278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxics10060278","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"3202_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2020.101872","volume":"98","author":"MC Nielsen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nielsen MC, Jiang SC (2020) Can cyanotoxins penetrate human skin during water recreation to cause negative health effects? Harmful Algae 98:101872. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hal.2020.101872","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"issue":"3","key":"3202_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15030233","volume":"15","author":"G Nugumanova","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nugumanova G, Ponomarev ED, Askarova S, Fasler-Kan E, Barteneva NS (2023) Freshwater cyanobacterial toxins, cyanopeptides and neurodegenerative diseases. Toxins (Basel) 15(3):233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins15030233","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"3202_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(89)81423-1","volume":"251","author":"PB Nunn","year":"1989","unstructured":"Nunn PB, O\u2019Brien P (1989) The interaction of beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine with bicarbonate: an 1H-NMR study. FEBS Lett 251:31\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0014-5793(89)81423-1","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"3202_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2000.0740231.x","volume":"74","author":"G Olivieri","year":"2000","unstructured":"Olivieri G, Brack C, M\u00fcller-Spahn F et al (2000) Mercury induces cell cytotoxicity and oxidative stress and increases beta-amyloid secretion and tau phosphorylation in SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cells. J Neurochem 74(1):231\u2013236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2000.0740231.x","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"3202_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6928","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25136928","volume":"25","author":"J Olloquequi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Olloquequi J, Diaz-Pena R, Verdaguer E, Ettcheto M, Auladell C, Camins A (2024) From inhalation to neurodegeneration: air pollution as a modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Int J Mol Sci 25:6928. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25136928","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"3202_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-0186(03)00153-0","volume":"44","author":"P Ott","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ott P, Larsen FS (2004) Blood-brain barrier permeability to ammonia in liver failure: A critical reappraisal. Neurochem Int 44:185\u2013198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0197-0186(03)00153-0","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"3202_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2008.01150.x","volume":"120","author":"J Pablo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pablo J, Banack SA, Cox PA et al (2009) Cyanobacterial neurotoxin BMAA in ALS and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Acta Neurol Scand 120(4):216\u2013225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2008.01150.x","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"6","key":"3202_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23782","volume":"72","author":"ML Parrish","year":"2012","unstructured":"Parrish ML, Gardner RE (2012) Is living downwind of a golf course a risk factor for parkinsonism? Ann Neurol 72(6):984. (PMID: 23280848). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.23782","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"3202_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dyae004","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyae004","volume":"53","author":"KC Paul","year":"2024","unstructured":"Paul KC, Cockburn M, Gong Y, Bronstein J, Ritz B (2024) Agricultural paraquat dichloride use and Parkinson\u2019s disease in California\u2019s Central Valley. Int J Epidemiol 53:dyae004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyae004","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"3202_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2799","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-020-02775-6","volume":"94","author":"P Pierozan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pierozan P, Piras E, Brittebo E, Karlsson O (2020) The cyanobacterial neurotoxin \u03b2-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA) targets the olfactory bulb region. Arch Toxicol 94:2799\u20132808. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00204-020-02775-6","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"3202_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2022.2153606","volume":"24","author":"V Pierri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pierri V, Borghero G, Pili F, Ercoli T, Gigante AF, Lecca LI et al (2023) Impact of occupational categories on the incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Sardinia Island. Italy Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 24(3\u20134):212\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21678421.2022.2153606","journal-title":"Italy Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener"},{"key":"3202_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2023.118769","volume":"345","author":"A Pinto","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pinto A, Botelho MJ, Churro C, Asselman J, Pereira P, Pereira JL (2023) A review on aquatic toxins\u2014do we really know it all regarding the environmental risk posed by phytoplankton neurotoxins? J Environ Manag 345:118769. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2023.118769","journal-title":"J Environ Manag"},{"key":"3202_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(97)12285-1","volume":"352","author":"S Pouria","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pouria S, de Andrade A, Barbosa J, Cavalcanti R, Barreto V, Ward C et al (1998) Fatal microcystin intoxication in haemodialysis unit in Caruaru. Brazil Lancet 352:21\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(97)12285-1","journal-title":"Brazil Lancet"},{"key":"3202_CR125","first-page":"435","volume":"21","author":"A Priyadarshi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Priyadarshi A, Khuder SA, Schaub EA, Shrivastava S (2000) A meta-analysis of Parkinson\u2019s disease and exposure to pesticides. Neurotoxicology 21:435\u2013440 (PMID: 11022853)","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"3202_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pupillo E, Bianchi E, Vanacore N, Montalto C, Ricca G, Robustelli Della Cuna FS et al. (2020) Increased risk and early onset of ALS in professional players from Italian soccer teams, Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener. 21(5\u20136): 403 409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21678421.2020.1752250 (Supplementary eTable 3)","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2020.1752250"},{"key":"3202_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.04.017","volume":"201","author":"SD Rao","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rao SD, Banack SA, Cox PA, Weiss JH (2006) BMAA selectively injures motor neurons via AMPA\/kainate receptor activation. Exp Neurol 201:244\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.04.017","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3202_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39117","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-26716-4","volume":"15","author":"S Redl","year":"2025","unstructured":"Redl S, Zweydorf FV, Gloeckner CJ, Posadas I, Ce\u00f1a V, Hess MW et al (2025) The E193K LRRK2 mutation interferes with the autophagosome processing through the impairment of the LRRK2-Dynein-1 complex. Sci Rep 15(1):39117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-26716-4","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3202_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.2009.19.032","volume":"122","author":"JP Ren","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ren JP, Zhao YW, Sun XJ (2009) Toxic influence of chronic oral administration of paraquat on nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in C57BL\/6 mice. Chin Med J 122:2366\u20132371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.2009.19.032","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"issue":"9","key":"3202_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.2403","volume":"78","author":"ER Russell","year":"2021","unstructured":"Russell ER, Mackay DF, Stewart K et al (2021) Association of field position and career length with risk of neurodegenerative disease in male former professional soccer players. JAMA Neurol 78(9):1057\u20131063. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.2403","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3202_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1017\/s0317167100010829","volume":"37","author":"J Sanyal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sanyal J, Chakraborty DP, Sarkar B, Banerjee TK, Mukherjee SC, Ray BC et al (2010) Environmental and familial risk factors of Parkinsons disease: case-control study. Can J Neurol Sci 37(5):637\u2013642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0317167100010829","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"3202_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2016.1195409","volume":"17","author":"GG Schwartz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schwartz GG, Klug MG (2016) Motor neuron disease mortality rates in U.S. states are associated with well water use. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 17(7\u20138):528\u2013534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21678421.2016.1195409","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"3202_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2016.1264975","volume":"18","author":"GG Schwartz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schwartz GG, Rundquist BC, Simon IJ et al (2017) Geographic distributions of motor neuron disease mortality and well water use in US counties. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 18(3\u20134):279\u2013283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21678421.2016.1264975","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener"},{"key":"3202_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2008.08.011","volume":"68","author":"SJ Segalowitz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Segalowitz SJ (2008) Public health, brain health, and the dangers of air pollution for neural development. Brain Cogn 68:115\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bandc.2008.08.011","journal-title":"Brain Cogn"},{"issue":"6615","key":"3202_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abq7860","volume":"378","author":"W Shao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shao W, Todd TW, Wu Y, Jones CY, Tong J, Jansen-West K, Daughrity LM, Park J, Koike Y, Kurti A, Yue M, Castanedes-Casey M, Del Rosso G, Dunmore JA, Zanetti Alepuz D, Oskarsson B, Dickson DW, Cook CN, Prudencio M, Gendron TF, Fryer JD, Zhang YJ, Petrucelli L (2022) Two FTD-ALS genes converge on the endosomal pathway to induce TDP-43 pathology and degeneration. Science 378(6615):94\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.abq7860","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"13","key":"3202_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6468","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26136468","volume":"26","author":"N Sharma","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sharma N, Soo AS (2025) Soil to synapse: molecular insights into the neurotoxicity of common gardening chemicals in Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Int J Mol Sci 26(13):6468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26136468","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"3202_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-02004-y","volume":"17","author":"DF Silva","year":"2020","unstructured":"Silva DF, Candeias E, Esteves AR, Magalh\u00e3es JD, Ferreira IL, Nunes-Costa D et al (2020) Microbial BMAA elicits mitochondrial dysfunction, innate immunity activation, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease features in cortical neurons. J Neuroinflamm 17:332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-020-02004-y","journal-title":"J Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"3202_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2025.08.060","volume":"585","author":"H Singh","year":"2025","unstructured":"Singh H, Kumari S, Taliyan R (2025) Epigenetic mechanisms linking environmental exposure to Parkinson\u2019s disease: a comprehensive review. Neuroscience 585:367\u2013380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2025.08.060","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"3202_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1992.tb11346.x","volume":"58","author":"QR Smith","year":"1992","unstructured":"Smith QR, Nagura H, Takada Y, Duncan MW (1992) Facilitated transport of the neurotoxin, beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine, across the blood-brain barrier. J Neurochem 58(4):1330\u20131337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1992.tb11346.x","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"3202_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2281","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02201-z","volume":"8","author":"Y Song","year":"2017","unstructured":"Song Y, Zhou H, Vo MN, Shi Y, Nawaz MH, Vargas-Rodriguez O et al (2017) Double mimicry evades tRNA synthetase editing by toxic vegetable-sourced non-proteinogenic amino acid. Nat Commun 8:2281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-017-02201-z","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"433","key":"3202_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120021","volume":"15","author":"PS Spencer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Spencer PS (2022) Parkinsonism and motor neuron disorders: lessons from Western Pacific ALS\/PDC. J Neurol Sci 15(433):120021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120021","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"3202_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11020193","volume":"11","author":"G Stipa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stipa G, Ancidoni A, Mazzola M et al (2021) Is chronic exposure to raw water a possible risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? A pilot case-control study. Brain Sci 11(2):193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci11020193","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"3202_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1177\/09727531221120358","volume":"30","author":"G Stipa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stipa G, Ancidoni A, Vanacore N, Bellomo G (2023) Raw Water and ALS: A unifying hypothesis for the environmental agents involved in ALS. Ann Neurosci 30(2):124\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09727531221120358","journal-title":"Ann Neurosci"},{"issue":"11","key":"3202_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14111366","volume":"14","author":"A Stoccoro","year":"2024","unstructured":"Stoccoro A, Copped\u00e8 F (2024) Exposure to metals, pesticides, and air pollutants: focus on resulting DNA methylation changes in neurodegenerative diseases. Biomolecules 14(11):1366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom14111366","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"3202_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131426","volume":"284","author":"J Sun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sun J, Zhou S, Sheng D, Li N, Wang J, Jiang C (2021) Elimination of \u03b2-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA) during UV\/chlorine process: influence factors, transformation pathway and DBP formation. Chemosphere 284:131426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131426","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"3202_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics8020021","volume":"8","author":"BL Tang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tang BL (2020) Neuropathological mechanisms associated with pesticides in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Toxics 8:21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxics8020021","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"3202_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-13-1","volume":"13","author":"N Torbick","year":"2014","unstructured":"Torbick N, Hession S, Stommel E et al (2014) Mapping amyotrophic lateral sclerosis lake risk factors across northern New England. Int J Heal Geogr 13:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1476-072X-13-1","journal-title":"Int J Heal Geogr"},{"key":"3202_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-017-9740-y","volume":"33","author":"N Torbick","year":"2018","unstructured":"Torbick N, Ziniti B, Stommel E, Linder E, Andrew A, Caller T et al (2018) Assessing cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms as risk factors for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurotox Res 33:199\u2013212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12640-017-9740-y","journal-title":"Neurotox Res"},{"key":"3202_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-415766-8.00009-4","volume-title":"The new public health","author":"TH Tulchinsky","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tulchinsky TH (2014) Chapter 9\u2014environmental and occupational health. In: Tulchinsky TH, Varavikova EA (eds) The new public health, 3rd ed. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA, pp 471\u2013533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-415766-8.00009-4","edition":"3rd ed."},{"issue":"2","key":"3202_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-014-0012-1","volume":"1","author":"CR Tyler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tyler CR, Allan AM (2014) The effects of arsenic exposure on neurological and cognitive dysfunction in human and rodent studies: a review. Curr Environ Health Rep 1(2):132\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40572-014-0012-1","journal-title":"Curr Environ Health Rep"},{"key":"3202_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44284","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M105343200","volume":"276","author":"VN Uversky","year":"2001","unstructured":"Uversky VN, Li J, Fink AL (2001) Metal-triggered structural transformations, aggregation, and fibrillation of human \u03b1-synuclein: a possible molecular link between Parkinson\u2019s disease and heavy metal exposure. J Biol Chem 276:44284\u201344296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M105343200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"3202_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2005.12.009","volume":"160","author":"M Valko","year":"2006","unstructured":"Valko M, Rhodes CJ, Moncol J, Izakovic M, Mazur M (2006) Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer. Chem Biol Interact 160(1):1\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2005.12.009","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"3202_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins9090267","volume":"9","author":"F Vidal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vidal F, Sedan D, D\u2019Agostino D, Cavalieri ML, Mullen E, Parot Varela MM et al (2017) Recreational exposure during algal bloom in Carrasco Beach, Uruguay: a liver failure case report. Toxins 9:267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins9090267","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"issue":"5","key":"3202_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.3109\/00207451003668374","volume":"120","author":"HD Vlajinac","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vlajinac HD, Sipetic SB, Maksimovic JM, Marinkovic JM, Dzoljic ED, Ratkov IS et al (2010) Environmental factors and Parkinson\u2019s disease: a case-control study in Belgrade. Serbia. Int J Neurosci 120(5):361\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00207451003668374","journal-title":"Serbia. Int J Neurosci"},{"key":"3202_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-102108-134850","volume":"43","author":"C Wang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wang C, Youle RJ (2009) The role of mitochondria in apoptosis. Annu Rev Genet 43:95\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-genet-102108-134850","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genet"},{"key":"3202_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2019.02.012","volume":"368","author":"S Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang S, Ren X, Hu X, Zhou L, Zhang C, Zhang M (2019) Cadmiuminduced apoptosis through reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial oxidative stress and the JNK signaling pathway in TM3 cells, a model of mouse Leydig cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 368:37\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.taap.2019.02.012","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"3202_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.06.015","volume":"61","author":"MD Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang MD, Little J, Gomes J, Cashman NR, Krewski D (2017) Identification of risk factors associated with onset and progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurotoxicology 61:101\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.06.015","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"3202_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02544-5","volume":"19","author":"JK Winstone","year":"2022","unstructured":"Winstone JK, Pathak KV, Winslow W, Piras IS, White J, Sharma, et al (2022) Glyphosate infiltrates the brain and increases pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF\u03b1: Implications for neurodegenerative disorders. J Neuroinflamm 19:193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-022-02544-5","journal-title":"J Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"3202_CR159","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2020) Cyanobacterial toxins: microcystin in drinking-water (No. WHO\/HEP\/ECH\/WSH\/2020.6) World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland"},{"key":"3202_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2025.5379","author":"J Wu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Wu J, Pyko A, Chourpiliadis C, Hu Y, Hou C, Brauner S, Piehl F et al (2026) Long-term exposure to air pollution and risk and prognosis of motor neuron disease. JAMA Neurol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2025.5379","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"16","key":"3202_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47873","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-25754-7","volume":"30","author":"B Yan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yan B, Han C, Liu Z, Wu G, Wang S, Li J et al (2023) Degradation of cyanobacterial neurotoxin \u03b2-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) using ozone process: influencing factors and mechanism. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 30(16):47873\u201347881. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-023-25754-7","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res Int"},{"key":"3202_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2014.04.027","volume":"133","author":"S-W Yi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yi S-W, Hong J-S, Ohrr H, Yi J-J (2014) Agent Orange exposure and disease prevalence in Korean Vietnam veterans: the Korean veterans health study. Environ Res 133:56\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2014.04.027","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"3202_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.2478\/intox-2013-0018","volume":"6","author":"HI Zeliger","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zeliger HI (2013) Exposure to lipophilic chemicals as a cause of neurological impairments, neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Interdiscip Toxicol 6:103\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/intox-2013-0018","journal-title":"Interdiscip Toxicol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3202_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14100658","volume":"14","author":"W Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang W, Liu J, Xiao Y, Zhang Y, Yangjinzhi Y, Zheng Z et al (2022) The Impact of cyanobacteria blooms on the aquatic environment and human health. Toxins (Basel) 14(10):658. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins14100658","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"3202_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2015.161","volume":"96","author":"X-F Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang X-F, Thompson M, Xu Y-H (2016) Multifactorial theory applied to the neurotoxicity of paraquat and paraquat-induced mechanisms of developing Parkinson\u2019s disease. Lab Investig 96:496\u2013507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/labinvest.2015.161","journal-title":"Lab Investig"},{"key":"3202_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.01.021","volume":"50","author":"Q Zheng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zheng Q, Yin J, Zhu L, Jiao L, Xu Z (2018) Reversible Parkinsonism induced by acute exposure glyphosate. Park Relat Disord 50:121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.01.021","journal-title":"Park Relat Disord"},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"3202_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.136083","volume":"307","author":"S Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou S, Huang J, Bu L, Li G, Zhu S (2022) Degradation of \u03b2-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA) by UV\/peracetic acid system: influencing factors, degradation mechanism and DBP formation. Chemosphere 307(Pt 4):136083. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.136083","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"3202_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2023.113692","volume":"174","author":"YT Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou YT, Xu YN, Ren XY, Zhang XF (2023) Inactivation of microglia dampens blood-brain barrier permeability and loss of dopaminergic neurons in paraquat-lesioned mice. Food Chem Toxicol 174:113692. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2023.113692","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3202_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0404.2002.1o040.x","volume":"105","author":"M Zorzon","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zorzon M, Capus L, Pellegrino A, Cazzato G, Zivadinov R (2002) Familial and environmental risk factors in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a case-control study in north-east Italy. Acta Neurol Scand 105(2):77\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1034\/j.1600-0404.2002.1o040.x","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neural Transmission"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00702-026-03202-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00702-026-03202-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00702-026-03202-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T10:18:53Z","timestamp":1792577933000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00702-026-03202-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"references-count":169,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["3202"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00702-026-03202-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9564","1435-1463"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9564","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-1463","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}