{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T10:49:29Z","timestamp":1782730169023,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neural Transm"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-026-03220-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T10:43:07Z","timestamp":1782729787000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Movement disorders with autoimmune neuromuscular origin: an overview of Isaacs\u2019 syndrome, stiff person syndrome, immune-mediated rippling muscle disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Kimiyoshi","family":"Arimura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond L.","family":"Rosales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumiko","family":"Arimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Genevieve Lynn T.","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"3220_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1996.00550020113023","volume":"53","author":"CF Ansevin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ansevin CF, Agamanolis DP (1996) Rippling muscles and myasthenia gravis with rippling muscles. Arch Neurol 53(2):197\u2013199","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"3220_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S55","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10148","volume":"11","author":"K Arimura","year":"2002","unstructured":"Arimura K, Sonoda Y, Watanabe O, Nagata T, Matsuo H, Kurihara T (2002) Isaacs\u2019 syndrome as a potassium channelopathy of the nerve. Muscle Nerve Supplement 11:S55\u2013S58","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve Supplement"},{"issue":"11","key":"3220_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880171103","volume":"17","author":"RG Auger","year":"1994","unstructured":"Auger RG (1994) AAEM minimonograph #44: Diseases associated with excess motor unit activity. Muscle Nerve 17(11):1250\u20131263","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"655","key":"3220_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.65.5.633","volume":"1998 Nov, 65","author":"RA Baker","year":"1998","unstructured":"Baker RA, Revesz T, Thom M, Marsden CD, Brown P (1998) Review of 23 patients affected by the stiff man syndrome: clinical subdivision into stiff trunk (man) syndrome, stiff limb syndrome and progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998 Nov, 65(655):633\u2013640. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.65.5.633","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"3220_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.03.053","volume":"132","author":"J Bashford","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bashford J, Chan WK, Coutinho E et al (2021) Demystifying the spontaneous phenomena of motor hyperexcitability. Clin Neurophysiol 132(8):1830\u20131844","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3220_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2017-315720","volume":"89","author":"SNM Binks","year":"2018","unstructured":"Binks SNM, Klein CJ, Waters P et al (2018) LGI1, CASPR2 and related antibodies: A molecular evolution of the phenotypes. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 89(5):526\u2013534","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"3220_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1136\/pn-2023-003974","volume":"25","author":"S Bose","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bose S, Jacob S (2024) Stiff-person syndrome. Practical neurol 25:6\u201317","journal-title":"Practical neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"3220_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51791","volume":"10","author":"NH Chia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chia NH, McKeon A, Dalakas MC et al (2023) Stiff person spectrum disorder diagnosis, misdiagnosis, and suggested diagnostic criteria. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 10(7):1083\u20131094","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3220_CR9","first-page":"e1116","volume":"9","author":"MC Dalakas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dalakas MC (2021) IgG4-mediated neurologic autoimmunities: Understanding the pathogenicity of IgG4, ineffectiveness of IVIg, and long-lasting benefits of anti\u2013B-cell therapies. Neurology: Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation 9(1):1116","journal-title":"Neurology: Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"3","key":"3220_CR10","first-page":"e200109","volume":"10","author":"MC Dalakas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dalakas MC (2023) Therapies in stiff-person syndrome: Advances and future prospects based on disease pathophysiology. Neurology: Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation 10(3):200109","journal-title":"Neurology: Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"8","key":"3220_CR11","first-page":"808","volume":"13","author":"D Dubey","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dubey D, Beecher G, Hammami MB et al (2002) Identification of caveolae-associated protein 4 autoantibodies as a biomarker of immune-mediated rippling muscle disease in adults. JAMA Neurol Jun 13(8):808\u2013816","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol Jun"},{"key":"3220_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s42466-020-0053-x","volume":"2","author":"F Govert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Govert F, Leypoldt F, Junker R et al (2020) Antibody-related movement disorders \u2013 a comprehensive review of phenotype-autoantibody correlations and guide to testing. Neurol Res Pract. 2020 2:6","journal-title":"Neurol Res Pract"},{"key":"3220_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.758","volume":"13","author":"A Lenka","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lenka A, Jankovic J (2023) Peripherally induced movement disorders: An update. Tremor Other Hyperkinetic Movements 13:8","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinetic Movements"},{"issue":"6","key":"3220_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e200165","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200165","volume":"10","author":"N Matsui","year":"2023","unstructured":"Matsui N, Tanaka K et al (2023) Prevalence, clinical profiles, and prognosis of stiff-person syndrome in a Japanese nationwide survey. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 10(6):e200165","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"3220_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matsui N, Tanaka K, Kokubun N et al (2025) Prevalence, clinical profiles and prognosis of Isaacs syndrome: A nationwide survey study in Japan. J Neurol Sci 472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2025.123442"},{"issue":"5","key":"3220_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2019-002494","volume":"20","author":"S Michael","year":"2020","unstructured":"Michael S, Waters P, Irani SR (2020) Stop testing for autoantibodies to the VGKC-complex: Only request LGI1 and CASPR2. Pract Neurol 20(5):377\u2013384","journal-title":"Pract Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3220_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.14328","volume":"12","author":"J Moura","year":"2025","unstructured":"Moura J, Rocci L, Zandi M et al (2025) Neurophysiological insights into the pathophysiology of stiff-person spectrum disorders. Mov Disorders Clin Pract 12(4):409\u2013417","journal-title":"Mov Disorders Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"3220_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25120","volume":"83","author":"KR Patterson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Patterson KR, Dalmau J, Lancaster E (2018) Mechanisms of Caspr2 antibodies in autoimmune encephalitis and neuromyotonia. Ann Neurol 83(1):40\u201351","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3220_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.28270","volume":"71","author":"HR Rashed","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rashed HR, Milone M (2025) The spectrum of rippling muscle disease. Muscle Nerve 71(1):9\u201321","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"6","key":"3220_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-019-04835-9","volume":"19","author":"JT Rathbun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rathbun JT, Imber J (2019) Stiff person syndrome and type 1 diabetes mellitus: a case of chicken or egg? J Gen Intern Med Feb 19(6):1053\u20131057. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-019-04835-9","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med Feb"},{"issue":"5","key":"3220_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000520","volume":"23","author":"K Sawlani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sawlani K, Katirji B (2017) Peripheral nerve hyperexcitability syndromes. Continuum 23(5):1437\u20131450","journal-title":"Continuum"},{"key":"3220_CR22","first-page":"e200068","volume":"10","author":"J Svahn","year":"2022","unstructured":"Svahn J, Coudert L, Streichenberger N et al (2022) Immune-mediated rippling muscle disease associated with thymoma and anti-MURC\/Cavin-4 autoantibodies. Neurology: Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation 10:e200068","journal-title":"Neurology: Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"4","key":"3220_CR23","first-page":"757","volume":"32","author":"PW Taylor","year":"2005","unstructured":"Taylor PW (2005) Isaac\u2019s syndrome (autoimmune neuromyotonia) in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 32(4):757\u2013758","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"3220_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10156","author":"T Tobergsen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tobergsen T (2002) Rippling muscle disease: a review. Muscle Nerve https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.10156","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"2","key":"3220_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-016-3499-z","volume":"36","author":"F Xiao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xiao F (2017) Neuromyotonia as an unusual neurological complication of primary Sjogren\u2019s syndrome: case report and literature review. Clin Rheumatol 36(2):481\u2013484","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neural Transmission"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00702-026-03220-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00702-026-03220-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00702-026-03220-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T10:43:13Z","timestamp":1782729793000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00702-026-03220-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["3220"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00702-026-03220-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9564","1435-1463"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9564","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-1463","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors have no potential conflict of interest and\/or funding to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}