{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T10:43:25Z","timestamp":1792579405544,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":158,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neural Transm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-026-03267-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T11:52:20Z","timestamp":1790250740000},"page":"2211-2229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Stress and Parkinson\u2019s disease: from dysfunctional detection to impaired handling: a narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"133","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8537-8595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nico J.","family":"Diederich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1824-5546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Pauly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"3267_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14076","volume":"27","author":"M Alves","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alves M, Caldeira D, Ferro JM, Ferreira JJ (2020) Does Parkinson\u2019s disease increase the risk of cardiovascular events? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Neurol 27:288\u2013296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ene.14076","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"Suppl 7","key":"3267_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S18","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1434","volume":"10","author":"JK Andersen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Andersen JK (2004) Oxidative stress in neurodegeneration: cause or consequence? Nat Med 10(Suppl 7):S18-25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn1434","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"3267_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.99364","volume":"3","author":"G Andonegui","year":"2018","unstructured":"Andonegui G, Zelinski EL, Schubert CL, Knight D, Craig LA, Winston BW et al (2018) Targeting inflammatory monocytes in sepsis-associated encephalopathy and long-term cognitive impairment. JCI Insight 3(9):e99364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci.insight.99364","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"3267_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-020-00532-4","volume":"52","author":"JH Baik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baik JH (2020) Stress and the dopaminergic reward system. Exp Mol Med 52:1879\u20131890. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s12276-020-00532-4","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"3267_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.4103\/16735374.270303","volume":"15","author":"BA Bari","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bari BA, Chokshi V, Schmidt K (2019) Locus coeruleus norepinephrine: basic functions and insights into Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neural Regen Res 15(6):1006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/16735374.270303","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"3267_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2021.102906","volume":"33","author":"E Bellot","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bellot E, Kauffmann L, Coizet V, Meoni S, Moro E, Dojat M (2022) Effective connectivity in subcortical visual structures in de novo Patients with Parkinson\u2019s Disease. Neuroimage Clin 33:102906. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nicl.2021.102906","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"3267_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207254","volume":"100","author":"E Benarroch","year":"2023","unstructured":"Benarroch E (2023) What are the functions of the superior colliculus and its involvement in neurologic disorders? Neurology 100:784\u2013790. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207254","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3267_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201900238","volume":"42","author":"J Bienertova\u2011Vasku","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bienertova\u2011Vasku J, Lenart P, Scheringer M (2020) Eustress and distress: neither good nor bad, but rather the same? BioEssays 42:e1900238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bies.201900238","journal-title":"BioEssays"},{"key":"3267_CR9","first-page":"44","volume":"134","author":"RL Blakemore","year":"2021","unstructured":"Blakemore RL, Pascoe MJ, Horne KL, McIntosh J, Walsh E, Dalrymple-Alford JC et al (2021) Higher perceived stress and exacerbated motor symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease during the COVID-19 lockdown in New Zealand. N Z Med J 134:44\u201351","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"3267_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24176","volume":"75","author":"I Bodis-Wollner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bodis-Wollner I, Kozlowski PB, Glazman S, Miri S (2014) \u03b1-synuclein in the inner retina in Parkinson disease. Ann Neurol 75:964\u2013966. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.24176","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"3267_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2013.00190","volume":"4","author":"S Borges","year":"2013","unstructured":"Borges S, Coimbra B, Soares-Cunha C, Miguel PM, Almeida OFX, Sousa N et al (2013) Glucocorticoid programing of the mesopontine cholinergic system. Front Endocrinol 4:190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2013.00190","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"s2","key":"3267_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S281","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-191721","volume":"9","author":"P Borghammer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Borghammer P, Van Den Berge N (2019) Brain-First versus Gut-First Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Hypothesis. J Parkinsons Dis 9(s2):S281\u2013S295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JPD-191721","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"3267_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.17761\/ijyt.24.1.377526054663236k","volume":"24","author":"LK Boulgarides","year":"2014","unstructured":"Boulgarides LK, Barakatt E, Coleman Salgado B (2014) Measuring the effect of an eight week adaptive yoga program on the physical and psychological status of individuals with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a pilot study. Int J Yoga Ther 24:31\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17761\/ijyt.24.1.377526054663236k","journal-title":"Int J Yoga Ther"},{"key":"3267_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3","volume":"9","author":"I Boura","year":"2022","unstructured":"Boura I, Chaudhuri KR (2022) Coronavirus disease 2019 and related parkinsonism: the clinical evidence thus far. Mov Disord Clin Pract 9:584\u2013593. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mdc3","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"key":"3267_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3356","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl288","volume":"129","author":"D Bowers","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bowers D, Miller K, Mikos A, Kirsch-Darrow L, Springer U, Fernandez H et al (2006) Startling facts about emotion in Parkinson\u2019s disease: blunted reactivity to aversive stimuli. Brain 129:3356\u20133365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awl288","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"3267_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-004-0956-9","volume":"318","author":"H Braak","year":"2004","unstructured":"Braak H, Ghebremedhin E, R\u00fcb U, Bratzke H, Del Tredici K (2004) Stages in the development of Parkinson\u2019s disease\u2011related pathology. Cell Tissue Res 318:121\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00441-004-0956-9","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"3267_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2025.11.003","author":"GN Bratman","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bratman GN, Gross JJ (2025) Why nature contact is good for us. Trends Cogn Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tics.2025.11.003","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"3267_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-025-00741-3","volume":"20","author":"MA Bravo-Jimenez","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bravo-Jimenez MA, Sharma S, Karimi-Abdolrezaee S (2025) The integrated stress response in neurodegenerative diseases. Mol Neurodegener 20:20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13024-025-00741-3","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"3267_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2006.8.4\/jbremner","volume":"8","author":"JD Bremner","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bremner JD (2006) Traumatic stress: effects on the brain. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 8:445\u2013461","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"3267_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-202235","volume":"10","author":"EG Brown","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brown EG, Chahine LM, Goldman SM, Korell M, Mann E, Kinel DR et al (2020) The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Parkinsons Dis 10:1365\u20131377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JPD-202235","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"3267_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10694-4","volume":"269","author":"F Cavallieri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cavallieri F, Fioravanti V, Toschi G et al (2022) COVID-19 and Parkinson\u2019s disease: a casual association or a possible second hit in neurodegeneration? J Neurol 269:59\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-021-10694-4","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"3267_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-223238","volume":"12","author":"SKK Chua","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chua SKK, Saffari SE, Lee SJY, Tan EK (2022) Association between Parkinson\u2019s disease and coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Parkinsons Dis 12:1737\u20131748. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JPD-223238","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"3267_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2017.09.019","volume":"106","author":"LS Colzato","year":"2017","unstructured":"Colzato LS, Steenbergen L (2017) High vagally mediated resting-state heart rate variability is associated with superior action cascading. Neuropsychologia 106:1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2017.09.019","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"3267_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s13041-018-0363-5","volume":"11","author":"E Dall\u00e9","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dall\u00e9 E, Mabandla MV (2018) Early Life stress, depression and Parkinson\u2019s disease: a new approach. Mol Brain 11:18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13041-018-0363-5","journal-title":"Mol Brain"},{"issue":"5","key":"3267_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1008956","volume":"17","author":"F Dalvi Garcia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dalvi Garcia F, Fonseca LL, Vasconcelos ATR, Hedin Pereira C, Voit EO (2021) A model of dopamine and serotonin kynurenine metabolism in cortisolemia: implications for depression. PLoS Comput Biol 17(5):e1008956. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1008956","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"3267_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R429","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00061.2015","volume":"309","author":"RA Dampney","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dampney RA (2015) Central mechanisms regulating coordinated cardiovascular and respiratory function during stress and arousal. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 309:R429\u2013R443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.00061.2015","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"3267_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-023-03203-4","volume":"23","author":"MPB de Oliveira","year":"2023","unstructured":"de Oliveira MPB, de Castro AEF, Miri AL, de Oliveira JF, de Oliveira IR, de Oliveira AC et al (2023) The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on neuropsychiatric and sleep disorders, and quality of life in individuals with neurodegenerative and demyelinating diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Neurol 23:150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-023-03203-4","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"3267_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2019.07.015","volume":"28","author":"P Desmarais","year":"2020","unstructured":"Desmarais P, Weidman D, Wassef A, Bruneau MA, Herrmann N, Nguyen QD et al (2020) The interplay between post-traumatic stress disorder and dementia: a systematic review. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 28:48\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jagp.2019.07.015","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"3267_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.59.8.1249","volume":"59","author":"NJ Diederich","year":"2002","unstructured":"Diederich NJ, Raman R, Leurgans S, Goetz CG (2002) Progressive worsening of spatial and chromatic processing deficits in Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol 59:1249\u20131252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archneur.59.8.1249","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"3267_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26307","volume":"31","author":"NJ Diederich","year":"2016","unstructured":"Diederich NJ, Goldman JG, Stebbins GT, Goetz CG (2016) Failing as doorman and disc jockey at the same time: amygdalar dysfunction in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 31:11\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.26307","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"3267_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2016.04.019","volume":"86","author":"M Distler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Distler M, Schlachetzki JC, Kohl Z, Winkler J, Schenk T (2016) Paradoxical kinesia in Parkinson\u2019s disease revisited: anticipation of temporal constraints is critical. Neuropsychologia 86:38\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2016.04.019","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"3267_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-021-00235-8","volume":"7","author":"LJ Dommershuijsen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dommershuijsen LJ, Van der Heide A, Van den Berg EM, Van den Berg JP, Van der Kolk NM, Bloem BR et al (2021) Mental health in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: potential for targeted interventions? NPJ Parkinsons Dis 7:95. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41531-021-00235-8","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"3267_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3231","volume":"13","author":"NI Eisenberger","year":"2012","unstructured":"Eisenberger NI (2012) The pain of social disconnection: examining the shared neural underpinnings of physical and social pain. Nat Rev Neurosci 13:421\u2013434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn3231","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"3267_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263310552513427","DOI":"10.1177\/26331055251342755","volume":"20","author":"KW Elechi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Elechi KW, Oyepeju Nkem O, Timothy Chibueze N, Elechi US, Franklin Chimaobi K (2025) Long-term neurological consequences of COVID-19 in patients with pre-existing Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s disease: a comprehensive review. Neurosci Insights 20:26331055251342756. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/26331055251342755","journal-title":"Neurosci Insights"},{"key":"3267_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsz246","author":"JE Elliott","year":"2020","unstructured":"Elliott JE, Opel RA, Pleshakov D, Rachakonda T, Devine JK, Lim MM et al (2020) Posttraumatic stress disorder increases the odds of REM sleep behavior disorder and other parasomnias in Veterans with and without comorbid traumatic brain injury. Sleep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsz246","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"3267_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2017.01.010","volume":"25","author":"D Erskine","year":"2017","unstructured":"Erskine D, Thomas AJ, Taylor JP, Firbank M, Owens E, McKeith IG et al (2017) Neuronal loss and \u03b1-synuclein pathology in the superior colliculus and its relationship to visual hallucinations in dementia with Lewy bodies. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 25:595\u2013604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jagp.2017.01.010","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"3267_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07458.x","volume":"991","author":"S Fahn","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fahn S (2003) Description of Parkinson\u2019s disease as a clinical syndrome. Ann N Y Acad Sci 991:1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07458.x","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"3267_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-021-01663-1","volume":"121","author":"M Falla","year":"2021","unstructured":"Falla M, Dodich A, Papagno C, Catrical\u00e0 E, Canu E, Crespi C et al (2021) Lockdown effects on Parkinson\u2019s disease during COVID-19 pandemic: a pilot study. Acta Neurol Belg 121:1191\u20131198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13760-021-01663-1","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"key":"3267_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2649","volume":"10","author":"A Feder","year":"2009","unstructured":"Feder A, Nestler EJ, Charney DS (2009) Psychobiology and molecular genetics of resilience. Nat Rev Neurosci 10:446\u2013457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn2649","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"3267_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-202249","volume":"10","author":"B Feigl","year":"2020","unstructured":"Feigl B, Dumpala S, Kerr GK, Zele AJ (2020) Melanopsin cell dysfunction is involved in sleep disruption in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Parkinsons Dis 10:1467\u20131476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JPD-202249","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"3267_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/610813","author":"R Fischer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fischer R, Maier O (2015) Interrelation of oxidative stress and inflammation in neurodegenerative disease: role of TNF. Oxid Med Cell Longev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/610813","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"3267_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-024-00651-0","volume":"10","author":"T Geng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Geng T, Li Y, Peng Y, Wang Z, Zhang X, Chen Y et al (2024) Social isolation and the risk of Parkinson disease in the UK biobank study. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 10:79. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41531-024-00651-0","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"3267_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20605","volume":"26","author":"CF Gillespie","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gillespie CF, Phifer J, Bradley B, Ressler KJ (2009) Risk and resilience: genetic and environmental influences on development of the stress response. Depress Anxiety 26:984\u2013992. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/da.20605","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"issue":"4","key":"3267_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12040456","volume":"12","author":"T Goerttler","year":"2022","unstructured":"Goerttler T, Kwon EH, Fleischer M, Stettner M, T\u00f6nges L, Klebe S (2022a) SARS\u2011CoV\u20112, COVID\u201119 and Parkinson\u2019s disease\u2014many issues need to be clarified: a critical review. Brain Sci 12(4):456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci12040456","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"3267_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12040456","volume":"12","author":"T Goerttler","year":"2022","unstructured":"Goerttler T, Kwon EH, Fleischer M, Stettner M, T\u00f6nges L, Klebe S (2022b) SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and Parkinson\u2019s disease\u2014many issues need to be clarified: a critical review. Brain Sci 12(4):456","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"3267_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S147","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-240006","volume":"14","author":"F Goltz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Goltz F, van der Heide A, Helmich RC (2024) Alleviating Stress in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Symptomatic Treatment, Disease Modification, or Both? J Parkinsons Dis 14:S147\u2013S158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JPD-240006","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"3267_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01136-X","volume":"404","author":"T Greenhalgh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Greenhalgh T, Sivan M, Perlowski A, Nikolich J\u017d (2024) Long COVID: a clinical update. Lancet 404:707\u2013724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01136-X","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3267_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26556","volume":"31","author":"NK Gut","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gut NK, Winn P (2016) The pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus\u2014a functional hypothesis from the comparative literature. Mov Disord 31:615\u2013624. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.26556","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"3267_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.70013","volume":"32","author":"R Hadidchi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hadidchi R, Al-Ani Y, Piskun H, Pakan R, Duong KS, Jamil H et al (2025) Impact of COVID-19 on long-term outcomes in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Eur J Neurol 32(5):e70013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ene.70013","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"3267_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(97)80309-0","volume":"18","author":"A Hartmann","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hartmann A, Veldhuis JD, Deuschle M, Standhardt H, Heuser I (1997) Twenty-four hour cortisol release profiles in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s disease compared to normal controls. Neurobiol Aging 18:285\u2013289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0197-4580(97)80309-0","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"3267_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28208","volume":"35","author":"PL Heilman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Heilman PL, Wang EW, Lewis MM, Krzyzanowski S, Capan CD, Burmeister AR et al (2020) Tryptophan metabolites are associated with symptoms and nigral pathology in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 35:2028\u20132037. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.28208","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"3267_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-202099","volume":"10","author":"RC Helmich","year":"2020","unstructured":"Helmich RC, Bloem BR (2020) The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Parkinson\u2019s disease: hidden sorrows and emerging opportunities. J Parkinsons Dis 10:351\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JPD-202099","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"3267_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.12.047","volume":"338","author":"G Hipp","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hipp G, Diederich NJ, Pieria V, Vaillant M (2014) Primary vision and facial emotion recognition in early Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurol Sci 338:178\u2013182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2013.12.047","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"3267_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-023-00332-3","volume":"12","author":"P Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang P, Zhang LY, Tan YY, Chen SD (2023) Links between COVID-19 and Parkinson\u2019s disease\/Alzheimer\u2019s disease: reciprocal impacts, medical care strategies and underlying mechanisms. Transl Neurodegener 12:5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40035-023-00332-3","journal-title":"Transl Neurodegener"},{"key":"3267_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-212792","volume":"11","author":"C Ineichen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ineichen C, Baumann-Vogel H, Sitzler M, Waldvogel D, Baumann CR (2021) Worsened Parkinson\u2019s disease progression: impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. J Parkinsons Dis 11:1579\u20131583. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JPD-212792","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"3267_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-022-00333-4","volume":"8","author":"M Iniguez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Iniguez M, Jimenez-Marin A, Erramuzpe A, Zubiaurre-Elorza L, Ibarretxe-Bilbao N, Ojeda N et al (2022) Heart-brain synchronization breakdown in Parkinson\u2019s disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 8:64. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41531-022-00333-4","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"3267_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2008.11.003","volume":"13","author":"A Iranzo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Iranzo A, Santamaria J, Tolosa E (2009) The clinical and pathophysiological relevance of REM sleep behavior disorder in neurodegenerative diseases. Sleep Med Rev 13:385\u2013401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smrv.2008.11.003","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"3267_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.581144","volume":"11","author":"D Janiri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Janiri D, Petracca M, Moccia L, Chieffo R, Bentivoglio AR, Bonanni L et al (2020) COVID-19 pandemic and psychiatric symptoms: the impact on Parkinson\u2019s disease in the elderly. Front Psychiatry 11:581144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.581144","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"3267_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.131045","volume":"79","author":"J Jankovic","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jankovic J (2008) Parkinson\u2019s disease: clinical features and diagnosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 79:368\u2013376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.2007.131045","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"3267_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2025.107607","volume":"181","author":"L Jiang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jiang L, Xue L, Juruena MF (2025) The impact of early life stress on the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis in unipolar major depression: a systematic review. Psychoneuroendocrinology 181:107607. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2025.107607","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"3267_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26078-0","volume":"8","author":"DS Joyce","year":"2018","unstructured":"Joyce DS, Feigl B, Kerr G, Roeder L, Zele AJ (2018) Melanopsin-mediated pupil function is impaired in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Sci Rep 8:7796. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-26078-0","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3267_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsz233","author":"JS Jun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jun JS, Kim R, Jung HM, Choi J, Lee YJ, Kim Y et al (2020) Emotion dysregulation in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. Sleep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsz233","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"3267_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2000.00103.x","volume":"7","author":"M Kallio","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kallio M, Haapaniemi T, Turkka J, Suominen K, Tolonen U, Myllyl\u00e4 VV (2000) Heart rate variability in patients with untreated Parkinson\u2019s disease. Eur J Neurol 7:667\u2013672. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2000.00103.x","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"3267_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691609356784","volume":"5","author":"S Kaplan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kaplan S, Berman MG (2010) Directed attention as a common resource for executive functioning and self-regulation. Perspect Psychol Sci 5:43\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1745691609356784","journal-title":"Perspect Psychol Sci"},{"key":"3267_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22565","volume":"33","author":"T Karatzias","year":"2020","unstructured":"Karatzias T, Shevlin M, Murphy J, McBride O, Ben-Ezra M, Bentall RP et al (2020) Posttraumatic stress symptoms and associated comorbidity during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland: a population-based study. J Trauma Stress 33:365\u2013370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jts.22565","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"3267_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2023.100194","volume":"8","author":"H Kataoka","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kataoka H, Obayashi K, Tai Y, Sugie K, Saeki K (2023) Increased depressive symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: preliminary findings from longitudinal analysis of the PHASE study. Clin Park Relat Disord 8:100194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prdoa.2023.100194","journal-title":"Clin Park Relat Disord"},{"key":"3267_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-002-0660-0","volume":"18","author":"H Kawano","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kawano H, Okada R, Yano K (2003) Histological study on the distribution of autonomic nerves in the human heart. Heart Vessels 18:32\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00380-002-0660-0","journal-title":"Heart Vessels"},{"key":"3267_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.12","volume":"22","author":"J Keller","year":"2017","unstructured":"Keller J, Gomez R, Williams G, Lembke A, Lazzeroni L, Murphy GM Jr et al (2017) HPA axis in major depression: cortisol, clinical symptomatology and genetic variation predict cognition. Mol Psychiatry 22:527\u2013536. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mp.2016.12","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3267_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.5607\/en.2015.24.4.325","volume":"24","author":"GH Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim GH, Kim JE, Rhie SJ, Yoon S (2015) The role of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. Exp Neurobiol 24:325\u2013340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5607\/en.2015.24.4.325","journal-title":"Exp Neurobiol"},{"key":"3267_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-002-0072-z","volume":"4","author":"LC Klein","year":"2002","unstructured":"Klein LC, Corwin EJ (2002) Seeing the unexpected: how sex differences in stress responses may provide a new perspective on the manifestation of psychiatric disorders. Curr Psychiatry Rep 4:441\u2013448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11920-002-0072-z","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"3267_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2024.106974","volume":"124","author":"CS Kow","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kow CS, Ramachandram DS, Hasan SS, Thiruchelvam K (2024) Unveiling the nexus: understanding post-COVID parkinsonism and its neurological ramifications. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 124:106974. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2024.106974","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"3267_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12010003","author":"K Krzyszto\u0144","year":"2021","unstructured":"Krzyszto\u0144 K, Miela\u0144czuk-Lubecka B, Stolarski J, W\u00f3jcik M, Wr\u00f3bel A, Gawlik N et al (2021) Secondary impact of COVID-19 pandemic on people with Parkinson\u2019s disease: results of a Polish online survey. Brain Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci12010003","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"3267_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2004.11.009","volume":"69","author":"BM Kudielka","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kudielka BM, Kirschbaum C (2005) Sex differences in HPA axis responses to stress: a review. Biol Psychol 69:113\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2004.11.009","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"3267_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.0534","volume":"76","author":"JYY Kwok","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kwok JYY, Kwan JCY, Auyeung M, Choi KC, Chan HY, Lau CKY et al (2019) Effects of mindfulness yoga vs stretching and resistance training exercises on anxiety and depression for people with Parkinson disease: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol 76:755\u2013763. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.0534","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"3267_CR77","volume-title":"Stress, appraisal, and coping","author":"R Lazarus","year":"1984","unstructured":"Lazarus R, Folkman S (1984) Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer, New York"},{"issue":"7","key":"3267_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26072940","volume":"26","author":"AA Lei","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lei AA, Phang VWX, Lee YZ, Kow ASF, Tham CL, Ho YC et al (2025) Chronic stress associated depressive disorders: the impact of HPA axis dysregulation and neuroinflammation on the hippocampus\u2014a mini review. Int J Mol Sci 26(7):2940. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26072940","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"3267_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28622","volume":"36","author":"V Leta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Leta V, Rodr\u00edguez\u2011Violante M, Abundes A, Rukavina K, Teo JT, Falup\u2011Pecurariu C et al (2021) Parkinson\u2019s disease and post\u2011COVID\u201119 syndrome: the Parkinson\u2019s long\u2011COVID spectrum. Mov Disord 36:1287\u20131289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.28622","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"3267_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.02.005","volume":"28","author":"L Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li L, Feng X, Zhou Z, Zhang H, Shi Y, Li X et al (2018) Stress accelerates defensive responses to looming in mice and involves a locus coeruleus\u2013superior colliculus projection. Curr Biol 28(6):859-871.e5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2018.02.005","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"3267_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9287092","author":"CY Lin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lin CY, Tien YM, Huang JT, Tsai CH, Hsu LC (2016) Degraded impairment of emotion recognition in Parkinson\u2019s disease extends from negative to positive emotions. Behav Neurol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/9287092","journal-title":"Behav Neurol"},{"key":"3267_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-022-00975-0","volume":"38","author":"X Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu X, Huang H, Snutch TP, Cao P, Wang L, Wang F (2022) The superior colliculus: cell types, connectivity, and behavior. Neurosci Bull 38:1519\u20131540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12264-022-00975-0","journal-title":"Neurosci Bull"},{"key":"3267_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6452","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415022112946","volume":"269","author":"L Lv","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lv L, Zhang H, Tan X, Long Z, Qin L, Bai R et al (2022) Associated factors and abnormal dorsal raphe nucleus connectivity patterns of freezing of gait in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurol 269:6452\u20136466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415022112946","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"3267_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.07.002","volume":"87","author":"JG McCall","year":"2015","unstructured":"McCall JG, Al-Hasani R, Siuda ER, Hong DY, Norris AJ, Ford CP et al (2015) CRH engagement of the locus coeruleus noradrenergic system mediates stress-induced anxiety. Neuron 87:605\u2013620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.07.002","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"3267_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800951-2.00004-2","volume-title":"Stress: concepts, cognition, emotion, and behavior handbook of stress, series volume 1","author":"R McCarty","year":"2016","unstructured":"McCarty R (2016) The fight-or-flight response: a cornerstone of stress research. In: Fink G (ed) Stress: concepts, cognition, emotion, and behavior handbook of stress, series volume 1. Academic Press, pp 33\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-800951-2.00004-2"},{"key":"3267_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2022-0104","volume":"34","author":"L Melo-Thomas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Melo-Thomas L, Schwarting RKW (2023) Paradoxical kinesia may no longer be a paradox waiting for 100 years to be unraveled. Rev Neurosci 34:775\u2013799. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/revneuro-2022-0104","journal-title":"Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"3267_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2016.05.038","volume":"284","author":"V Michopoulos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Michopoulos V, Vester A, Neigh G (2016) Posttraumatic stress disorder: a metabolic disorder in disguise? Exp Neurol 284:220\u2013229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.expneurol.2016.05.038","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"3267_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/31.5.717","volume":"31","author":"T Miyamoto","year":"2008","unstructured":"Miyamoto T, Miyamoto M, Suzuki K, Nishibayashi M, Iwanami M, Hirata K (2008) 123I-MIBG cardiac scintigraphy provides clues to the underlying neurodegenerative disorder in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder. Sleep 31:717\u2013723. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/31.5.717","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"3267_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25688","volume":"87","author":"E Moro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moro E, Bellot E, Meoni S, Schirinzi T, Di Lazzaro G, Mercuri NB et al (2020) Visual dysfunction of the superior colliculus in de novo parkinsonian patients. Ann Neurol 87:533\u2013546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.25688","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"17","key":"3267_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9739","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms2317973","volume":"23","author":"DS Mysiris","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mysiris DS, Vavougios GD, Karamichali E, Papoutsopoulou S, Stavrou VT, Papayianni E et al (2022) Post-COVID-19 parkinsonism and Parkinson\u2019s disease pathogenesis: the exosomal cargo hypothesis. Int J Mol Sci 23(17):9739. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms2317973","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"3267_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2022.05.016","volume":"102","author":"F Nabizadeh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nabizadeh F, Seyedalhosseini Z, Balabandian M, Rostami MR (2022) Psychological outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review. J Clin Neurosci 102:101\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2022.05.016","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"3267_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23863","volume":"39","author":"I Oliv\u00e9","year":"2018","unstructured":"Oliv\u00e9 I, Densmore M, Harricharan S, Th\u00e9berge J, McKinnon MC, Lanius R (2018) Superior colliculus resting-state networks in post-traumatic stress disorder and its dissociative subtype. Hum Brain Mapp 39:563\u2013574. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.23863","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"3267_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23075","volume":"25","author":"M Onofrj","year":"2010","unstructured":"Onofrj M, Thomas A, Bonanni L, Varanese S, Gambi F, Ciccocioppo F et al (2010) Paradoxical kinesia in parkinsonian patients surviving earthquake. Mov Disord 25:1302\u20131304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.23075","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"3267_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13061","volume":"7","author":"V Oppo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Oppo V, Serra G, Fenu G, Melis M, Mascia MM, Marrosu F et al (2020) Parkinson\u2019s disease symptoms have a distinct impact on caregivers\u2019 and patients\u2019 stress: a study assessing the consequences of the COVID-19 lockdown. Mov Disord Clin Pract 7:865\u2013867. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mdc3.13061","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"key":"3267_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2006.00041.x","volume":"17","author":"S Orimo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Orimo S, Takahashi A, Uchihara T, Mori F, Kakita A, Wakabayashi K et al (2007) Degeneration of cardiac sympathetic nerve begins in the early disease process of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Brain Pathol 17:24\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2006.00041.x","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"3267_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25828","volume":"88","author":"I Ortu\u00f1o-Lizar\u00e1n","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ortu\u00f1o-Lizar\u00e1n I, S\u00e1nchez-S\u00e1ez X, Lax P, Garc\u00eda-Delgado AB, Vidal-Sanz M, Cuenca N (2020) Dopaminergic retinal cell loss and visual dysfunction in Parkinson disease. Ann Neurol 88:893\u2013906. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.25828","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"3267_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2020.10.005","volume":"177","author":"H Otmani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Otmani H, Bidaoui Z, Amzil R, Bellakhdar S, Moutawakil B, Abdoh Rafai M (2021) No impact of confinement during COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety and depression in Parkinsonian patients. Rev Neurol (Paris) 177:272\u2013274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurol.2020.10.005","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"3267_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7274","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph120707274","volume":"12","author":"J Ottosson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ottosson J, Lavesson L, Pinzke S, Grahn P, Nilsson P, Johansson M et al (2015) The significance of experiences of nature for people with Parkinson\u2019s disease, with special focus on freezing of gait\u2014the necessity for a biophilic environment. Int J Environ Res Public Health 12:7274\u20137299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph120707274","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"3267_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.9.1767","volume":"23","author":"PA Pahapill","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pahapill PA, Lozano AM (2000) The pedunculopontine nucleus and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Brain 23:1767\u20131783. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/123.9.1767","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"3267_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2015.12.006","volume":"31","author":"CA Palmer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Palmer CA, Alfano CA (2017) Sleep and emotion regulation: an organizing, integrative review. Sleep Med Rev 31:6\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smrv.2015.12.006","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"3267_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-05842-4","volume":"24","author":"Y Pan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pan Y, Liang D, Lu L, Zhang X, Chen Y, Wang Y et al (2024) Stress perception and associated factors among patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a cross-sectional study after the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Psychiatry 24:522. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-024-05842-4","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"3267_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/wjo2.175","volume":"10","author":"S Pandey","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pandey S, Bapat V, Abraham JN, Abraham NM (2024) Long COVID: from olfactory dysfunctions to viral parkinsonism. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 10:137\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wjo2.175","journal-title":"World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"3267_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00435","volume":"11","author":"E Paredes-Rodriguez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Paredes-Rodriguez E, Vegas-Suarez S, Morera-Herreras T, De Deurwaerdere P, Miguelez C (2020) The noradrenergic system in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Front Pharmacol 11:435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2020.00435","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"3267_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2315","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29174","volume":"37","author":"C Pauly","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pauly C, Glaab E, Hansen M, Reiter E, Reetz K, Diederich NJ et al (2022) Disease progression, resilience, and inflammation markers during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 37:2315\u20132317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.29174","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"3267_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.616550","volume":"11","author":"C Piano","year":"2020","unstructured":"Piano C, Bove F, Tufo T, Di Giuda D, Bentivoglio AR, Fasano A et al (2020) Effects of COVID-19 lockdown on movement disorders patients with deep brain stimulation: a multicenter survey. Front Neurol 11:616550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2020.616550","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"3267_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27860","volume":"35","author":"J Potashkin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Potashkin J, Huang X, Becker C, Chen H, Foltynie T, Marras C (2020) Understanding the links between cardiovascular disease and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 35:55\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.27860","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"3267_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1007","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012458","volume":"97","author":"J Prasuhn","year":"2021","unstructured":"Prasuhn J, Prasuhn M, Fellbrich A, Br\u00fcggemann N, Deuschl G, Kuhlenb\u00e4umer G et al (2021) Association of locus coeruleus and substantia nigra pathology with cognitive and motor functions in patients with Parkinson disease. Neurology 97:e1007\u2013e1016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012458","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3267_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-023-00533-0","volume":"9","author":"EM Prins","year":"2023","unstructured":"Prins EM, Geerlings AD, Ben-Shlomo Y, Meinders MJ, Bloem BR, Darweesh SKL (2023) Determinants of coping styles of people with Parkinson\u2019s disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 9:99. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41531-023-00533-0","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"3267_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2964","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv215","volume":"138","author":"Z Qamhawi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Qamhawi Z, Towey D, Shah B, Pagano G, Seibyl J, Marek K et al (2015) Clinical correlates of raphe serotonergic dysfunction in early Parkinson\u2019s disease. Brain 138:2964\u20132973. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awv215","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"3267_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119959","volume":"285","author":"X Qin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qin X, Liu XX, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Wang W et al (2021) Early life stress induces anxiety-like behavior during adulthood through dysregulation of neuronal plasticity in the basolateral amygdala. Life Sci 285:119959. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119959","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"3267_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13265","volume":"8","author":"P R\u00e1bano-Su\u00e1rez","year":"2021","unstructured":"R\u00e1bano-Su\u00e1rez P, Mart\u00ednez-Fern\u00e1ndez R, Natera-Villalba E, Pare\u00e9s I, Mart\u00ednez-Castrillo JC, Alonso-Canovas A (2021) Impulse control disorders in Parkinson\u2019s disease: has COVID-19 related lockdown been a trigger? Mov Disord Clin Pract 8:940\u2013943. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mdc3.13265","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"key":"3267_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(94)90175-9","volume":"35","author":"J Rajkowski","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rajkowski J, Kubiak P, Aston-Jones G (1994) Locus coeruleus activity in monkey: phasic and tonic changes are associated with altered vigilance. Brain Res Bull 35:607\u2013616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0361-9230(94)90175-9","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"issue":"7","key":"3267_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.70111","volume":"61","author":"BAS Reyes","year":"2025","unstructured":"Reyes BAS (2025) The locus coeruleus: anatomy, physiology, and stress related neuropsychiatric disorders. Eur J Neurosci 61(7):e70111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ejn.70111","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"3267_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3306","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae213","volume":"147","author":"C Roodveldt","year":"2024","unstructured":"Roodveldt C, Bernardino L, Oztop Cakmak O, Dragic M, Fladmark KE, Ertan S et al (2024) The immune system in Parkinson\u2019s disease: what we know so far. Brain 147:3306\u20133324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awae213","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"3267_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4477","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-021-02408-8","volume":"58","author":"B Rosen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rosen B, Kurtishi A, Vazquez\u2011Jimenez GR, M\u00f8ller SG (2021) The intersection of Parkinson\u2019s disease, viral infections, and COVID\u201119. Mol Neurobiol 58:4477\u20134486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-021-02408-8","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"3267_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14107","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.309511.2011","volume":"31","author":"RR Rozeske","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rozeske RR, Evans AK, Frank MG, Watkins LR, Lowry CA, Maier SF (2011) Uncontrollable, but not controllable, stress desensitizes 5 HT1A receptors in the dorsal raphe nucleus. J Neurosci 31:14107\u201314115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.309511.2011","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3267_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.70395","volume":"32","author":"E Ruppert","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ruppert E, Mix N, Kesper K, Schmitz-H\u00fcbsch T, Berg D, Maetzler W et al (2025) Deceleration capacity as a marker of autonomic cardiac modulation in prodromal and manifest Parkinson\u2019s disease, multiple system atrophy, and progressive supranuclear palsy. Eur J Neurol 32:e70395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ene.70395","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"3267_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.12788\/acp.0018","volume":"32","author":"R Sagarwala","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sagarwala R, Nasrallah HA (2020) The effects of yoga on depression and motor function in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a review of controlled studies. Ann Clin Psychiatry 32:209\u2013215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12788\/acp.0018","journal-title":"Ann Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"3267_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23400","volume":"26","author":"N Sauvageot","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sauvageot N, Vaillant M, Diederich NJ, Schlesser M, Pitcairn C, Schmitz S et al (2011) Reduced sympathetically driven heart rate variability during sleep in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a case-control polysomnography-based study. Mov Disord 26:234\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.23400","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"3267_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2394","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21726","volume":"22","author":"I Schlesinger","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schlesinger I, Erikh I, Yarnitsky D (2007) Paradoxical kinesia at war. Mov Disord 22:2394\u20132397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.21726","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"3267_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10527","volume":"18","author":"A Schrag","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schrag A, Hovris A, Morley D, Quinn N, Jahanshahi M (2003) Young- versus older-onset Parkinson\u2019s disease: impact of disease and psychosocial consequences. Mov Disord 18:1250\u20131256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.10527","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"3267_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000217384.03237.9c","volume":"37","author":"G Scigliano","year":"2006","unstructured":"Scigliano G, Musicco M, Soliveri P, Piccolo I, Ronchetti G, Girotti F (2006) Reduced risk factors for vascular disorders in Parkinson disease patients: a case-control study. Stroke 37:1184\u20131188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.STR.0000217384.03237.9c","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"Issue 4","key":"3267_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psycom.2023.100147","volume":"3","author":"J Scott","year":"2023","unstructured":"Scott J, Jaworska N, Wilson A, Funke M, Sharma S, Johnson EK et al (2023) Changes in anxiety and stress due to the COVID-19 pandemic in individuals with Parkinson\u2019s disease. Psychiatry Res Commun 3(Issue 4):2772\u20135987. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psycom.2023.100147","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res Commun"},{"key":"3267_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12168","volume":"25","author":"K Seidel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Seidel K, Mahlke J, Siswanto S, Kr\u00fcger R, Heinsen H, Auburger G et al (2014) The brainstem pathologies of Parkinson\u2019s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Brain Pathol 25:121\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bpa.12168","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"3267_CR125","first-page":"9","volume":"1","author":"H Selye","year":"1975","unstructured":"Selye H (1975) Stress and distress. Compr Ther 1:9\u201313","journal-title":"Compr Ther"},{"key":"3267_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28134","volume":"35","author":"A Shalash","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shalash A, Roushdy T, Essam M, Fathy M, Dawood NL, Elrassas HH et al (2020) Mental health, physical activity, and quality of life in Parkinson\u2019s disease during COVID-19 pandemic. Mov Disord 35:1097\u20131099. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.28134","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"3267_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00189-0","volume":"20","author":"Y Sharabi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharabi Y, Vatine GD, Ashkenazi A, Goldstein DS, Freeman R, Kaufmann H et al (2021) Parkinson\u2019s disease outside the brain: targeting the autonomic nervous system. Lancet Neurol 20:868\u2013876. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00189-0","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"3267_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-023-02723-5","volume":"131","author":"J Sian\u2011Hulsmann","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sian\u2011Hulsmann J, Riederer P (2024) Virus\u2011induced brain pathology and the neuroinflammation\u2013inflammation continuum: the neurochemist\u2019s view. J Neural Transm 131:1429\u20131453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00702-023-02723-5","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"3267_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Some P, Majumdar V, NK M, Shetty K, Snigdha A (2025) A longitudinal two\u2011armed randomized controlled trial protocol to evaluate the efficacy of yoga on progression of disease in early Parkinson\u2019s disease. Ann Neurosci. 32: 99\u2011107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09727531241247143.","DOI":"10.1177\/09727531241247143"},{"key":"3267_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.0117","volume":"77","author":"H Song","year":"2020","unstructured":"Song H, Sieurin J, Wirdefeldt K, Pedersen NL, Almqvist C, Larsson H et al (2020) Association of stress-related disorders with subsequent neurodegenerative diseases. JAMA Neurol 77:700\u2013709. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.0117","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"3267_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1080\/10937404.2018.1505571","volume":"21","author":"MP Stevenson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stevenson MP, Schilhab T, Bentsen P (2018) Attention restoration theory II: a systematic review to clarify attention processes affected by exposure to natural environments. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev 21:227\u2013268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10937404.2018.1505571","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev"},{"key":"3267_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00404","volume":"10","author":"SA Torrisi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Torrisi SA, Leggio GM, Drago F, Salomone S, Puzzo D, Bucolo C et al (2019) Therapeutic challenges of post-traumatic stress disorder: focus on the dopaminergic system. Front Pharmacol 10:404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2019.00404","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"3267_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-023-00343-2","volume":"12","author":"A Tosserams","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tosserams A, Bloem BR, Ehgoetz Martens KA, Nonnekes J, Weerdesteyn V, Helmich RC et al (2023) Modulating arousal to overcome gait impairments in Parkinson\u2019s disease: how the noradrenergic system may act as a double-edged sword. Transl Neurodegener 12:15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40035-023-00343-2","journal-title":"Transl Neurodegener"},{"key":"3267_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(25)00001-7","volume":"25","author":"J Trinh","year":"2026","unstructured":"Trinh J, de Vries NM, Chan P, Dekker MCJ, Helmich RC, Bloem BR (2026) The role of lifestyle interventions in symptom management and disease modification in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Lancet Neurol 25:90\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(25)00001-7","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"3267_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e09604","volume":"8","author":"M Tufail","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tufail M, Wu C (2022) Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Parkinson\u2019s disease patients. Heliyon 8:e09604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e09604","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"3267_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-4944(05)80184-7","volume":"11","author":"RS Ulrich","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ulrich RS, Simons RF, Losito BD, Fiorito E, Miles MA, Zelson M (1991) Stress recovery during exposure to natural and urban environments. J Environ Psychol 11:201\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0272-4944(05)80184-7","journal-title":"J Environ Psychol"},{"key":"3267_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104704","volume":"117","author":"LL Van den Heuvel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Van den Heuvel LL, du Plessis S, Stalder T, van der Merwe C, van Wijk R, Seedat S et al (2020) Hair glucocorticoid levels in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Psychoneuroendocrinology 117:104704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104704","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"3267_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-202236","volume":"10","author":"A Van der Heide","year":"2020","unstructured":"Van der Heide A, Meinders MJ, Bloem BR, Helmich RC (2020) The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychological distress, physical activity, and symptom severity in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Parkinsons Dis 10:1355\u20131364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JPD-202236","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"3267_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28313","volume":"36","author":"A Van der Heide","year":"2021","unstructured":"Van der Heide A, Meinders MJ, Speckens AEM, Peerbolte TF, Bloem BR, Helmich RC (2021a) Stress and mindfulness in Parkinson\u2019s disease: clinical effects and potential underlying mechanisms. Mov Disord 36:64\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.28313","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"3267_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-020-00160-9","volume":"7","author":"A Van der Heide","year":"2021","unstructured":"Van der Heide A, Speckens AEM, Meinders MJ, Rosenthal LS, Bloem BR, Helmich RC (2021b) Stress and mindfulness in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a survey in 5000 patients. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 7:7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41531-020-00160-9","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"3267_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-024-00684-4","volume":"10","author":"A Van der Heide","year":"2024","unstructured":"Van der Heide A, Dommershuijsen LJ, Puhlmann LMC, Helmich RC, Bloem BR, Meinders MJ et al (2024) Predictors of stress resilience in Parkinson\u2019s disease and associations with symptom progression. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 10:81. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41531-024-00684-4","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"3267_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-025-00699-2","volume":"11","author":"A Van der Heide","year":"2025","unstructured":"Van der Heide A, Kischkel B, Rovers CP, Speckens AEM, Meinders MJ, Helmich RC et al (2025) The interplay between stress, inflammation and Parkinson\u2019s disease: insights from the COVID 19 pandemic. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 11:333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41531-025-00699-2","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"3267_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26891","volume":"98","author":"S Van Duijvenboden","year":"2025","unstructured":"Van Duijvenboden S, Ram\u00edrez J, Scheurink J, van der Zee EA, van den Berg R, van der Sluis S et al (2025) Heart rate profiles during exercise and incident Parkinson\u2019s disease. Ann Neurol 98:1004\u20131013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.26891","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"3267_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26087","volume":"30","author":"TJ Van Mierlo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Van Mierlo TJ, Chung C, Foncke EM, Berendse HW, van den Heuvel OA (2015) Depressive symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease are related to decreased hippocampus and amygdala volume. Mov Disord 30:245\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.26087","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"3267_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146622","volume":"1729","author":"AP Ventura-Silva","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ventura-Silva AP, Borges S, Sousa N, Rodrigues AJ, P\u00eago JM (2020) Amygdalar corticotropin-releasing factor mediates stress-induced anxiety. Brain Res 1729:146622. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146622","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"3267_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2015-310383","volume":"87","author":"C Vriend","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vriend C, Boedhoe PS, Rutten S, Berendse HW, van der Werf YD, van den Heuvel OA (2016) A smaller amygdala is associated with anxiety in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a combined FreeSurfer-VBM study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 87:493\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2015-310383","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"3267_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1057","volume":"6","author":"P Vuilleumier","year":"2003","unstructured":"Vuilleumier P, Armony JL, Driver J, Dolan RJ (2003) Distinct spatial frequency sensitivities for processing faces and emotional expressions. Nat Neurosci 6:624\u2013631. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nn1057","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"3267_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1111\/neup.12682","volume":"40","author":"K Wakabayashi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wakabayashi K (2020) Where and how alpha-synuclein pathology spreads in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neuropathology 40:415\u2013425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/neup.12682","journal-title":"Neuropathology"},{"key":"3267_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsm018","volume":"2","author":"J Wang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wang J, Korczykowski M, Rao H, Fan Y, Pluta J, Gur RC et al (2007) Gender difference in neural response to psychological stress. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2:227\u2013239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/scan\/nsm018","journal-title":"Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"3267_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26139","volume":"44","author":"J Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang J, Sun J, Gao L, Zhang D, Chen L, Wu T (2022) Common and unique dysconnectivity profiles of dorsal and median raphe in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Hum Brain Mapp 44(3):1070\u20131078. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.26139","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"3267_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2023.105433","volume":"111","author":"AS Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang AS, Perez JA, Gunzler SA (2023) Frequency of Parkinson disease following COVID\u201119 infection: a two\u2011year retrospective cohort study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 111:105433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2023.105433","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"3267_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25727","volume":"88","author":"DL White","year":"2020","unstructured":"White DL, Kunik ME, Yu H, Lin H, Richardson PA, Elser T et al (2020) Post-traumatic stress disorder is associated with further increased Parkinson\u2019s disease risk in veterans with traumatic brain injury. Ann Neurol 88:33\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.25727","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"3267_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.116949","volume":"415","author":"JH Won","year":"2020","unstructured":"Won JH, Byun SJ, Oh BM, Kim HJ, Park SJ, Seo HG (2020) Pneumonia risk and its associated factors in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a national database study. J Neurol Sci 415:116949. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2020.116949","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"3267_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86011-w","volume":"11","author":"JH Won","year":"2021","unstructured":"Won JH, Byun SJ, Oh B-M, Park SJ, Seo HG (2021) Risk and mortality of aspiration pneumonia in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a nationwide database study. Sci Rep 11:6597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-86011-w","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3267_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-025-02080-9","volume":"50","author":"Y Yao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yao Y, Cui C, Shi Y, Lei J, Li T, Li M et al (2025) DRN-SNc serotonergic circuit drives stress-induced motor deficits and Parkinson\u2019s disease vulnerability. Neuropsychopharmacology 50:1051\u20131062. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41386-025-02080-9","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"3267_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra012941","volume":"346","author":"R Yehuda","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yehuda R (2002) Post-traumatic stress disorder. N Engl J Med 346:108\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra012941","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3267_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0759-5-6","volume":"5","author":"K Yoshihara","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yoshihara K, Hiramoto T, Sudo N, Kubo C (2011) Profile of mood states and stress related biochemical indices in long term yoga practitioners. BioPsychoSocial Med 5(1):6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1751-0759-5-6","journal-title":"BioPsychoSocial Med"},{"key":"3267_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.11.035","volume":"131","author":"N Yoshimura","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yoshimura N, Kawamura M, Masaoka Y, Homma I (2005) The amygdala of patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease is silent in response to fearful facial expressions. Neuroscience 131:523\u2013534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.11.035","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"3267_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4982","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01223-x","volume":"26","author":"K Yuan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yuan K, Gong YM, Liu L, Sun YK, Tian SS, Wang YJ et al (2021) Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder after infectious disease pandemics in the twenty-first century, including COVID-19: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Mol Psychiatry 26:4982\u20134998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41380-021-01223-x","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3267_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2025.1709735","volume":"17","author":"Q Zheng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zheng Q, Zhang D, Sun J, Wang J, Chen L (2025) Altered resting state functional connectivity of raphe nucleus is associated with tremor in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Front Aging Neurosci 17:1709735. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2025.1709735","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neural Transmission"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00702-026-03267-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00702-026-03267-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00702-026-03267-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T10:18:41Z","timestamp":1792577921000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00702-026-03267-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":158,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["3267"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00702-026-03267-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9564","1435-1463"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9564","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-1463","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}