{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T03:46:31Z","timestamp":1790135191685,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789171200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH10028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH10028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neural Transm"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-026-03283-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T12:47:24Z","timestamp":1789217244000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Excitation\/inhibition balance subtypes in autism and their genetic, neural, and clinical profiles"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Vardan","family":"Arutiunian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine A. W.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megha","family":"Santhosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Neuhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Borland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael A.","family":"Bernier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan Y.","family":"Bookheimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirella","family":"Dapretto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Jack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shafali","family":"Jeste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James C.","family":"McPartland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Naples","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John D.","family":"Van Horn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin A.","family":"Pelphrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara Jane","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abha R.","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"3283_CR34","unstructured":"Affymetrix (2005) Exon Array Background Correction"},{"key":"3283_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhx169","volume":"28","author":"M Agetsuma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Agetsuma M, Hamm JP, Tao K, Fujisawa S, Yuste R (2018) Parvalbumin-Positive Interneurons Regulate Neuronal Ensembles in Visual Cortex. Cereb Cortex 28:1831\u20131845. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cercor\/bhx169","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"3283_CR2","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV-TR","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2000) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV-TR, 4th ed. Author, Washington, DC","edition":"4th ed"},{"key":"3283_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5, 5th ed. American Psychiatric Publication, Washington, DC; London","edition":"5th ed"},{"key":"3283_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.12.026","volume":"101","author":"MW Antoine","year":"2019","unstructured":"Antoine MW, Langberg T, Schnepel P, Feldman DE (2019) Increased Excitation-Inhibition Ratio Stabilizes Synapse and Circuit Excitability in Four Autism Mouse Models. Neuron 101:648\u2013661e4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.12.026","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"3283_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-023-02660-9","volume":"228","author":"V Arutiunian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Arutiunian V, Davydova E, Pereverzeva D, Sorokin A, Tyushkevich S, Mamokhina U, Danilina K, Dragoy O (2023) Reduced grey matter volume of amygdala and hippocampus is associated with the severity of autistic symptoms and language abilities in school-aged children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: an exploratory study. Brain Struct Funct 228:1573\u20131579. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00429-023-02660-9","journal-title":"Brain Struct Funct"},{"key":"3283_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-024-00598-1","volume":"15","author":"V Arutiunian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Arutiunian V, Santhosh M, Neuhaus E, Borland H, Tompkins C, Bernier RA, Bookheimer SY, Dapretto M, Gupta AR, Jack A, Jeste S, McPartland JC, Naples A, Van Horn JD, Pelphrey KA, Webb SJ (2024) The relationship between gamma-band neural oscillations and language skills in youth with autism spectrum disorder and their first-degree relatives. Mol Autism 15:19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13229-024-00598-1","journal-title":"Mol Autism"},{"key":"3283_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.10.001","volume":"11","author":"V Arutiunian","year":"2026","unstructured":"Arutiunian V, Opdahl M, Sullivan CAW, Santhosh M, Neuhaus E, Borland H, Bernier RA, Bookheimer SY, Dapretto M, Jack A, Jeste S, McPartland JC, Naples A, Van Horn JD, Pelphrey KA, Webb SJ, Gupta AR (2026) Number of alpha peaks in the electroencephalogram is associated with clinical phenotype and copy number variants in youths with autism. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 11:300\u2013309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.10.001","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging"},{"key":"3283_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-023-01265-5","volume":"16","author":"C Auwerx","year":"2024","unstructured":"Auwerx C, J\u00f5eloo M, Sadler MC, Tesio N, Ojavee S, Clark CJ, M\u00e4gi R, Estonian Biobank Research Team, Reymond A, Kutalik Z (2024) Rare copy-number variants as modulators of common disease susceptibility. Genome Med 16:5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13073-023-01265-5","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"3283_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2021.08.005","volume":"44","author":"SM Banker","year":"2021","unstructured":"Banker SM, Gu X, Schiller D, Foss-Feig JH (2021) Hippocampal contributions to social and cognitive deficits in autism spectrum disorder. Trends Neurosci 44:793\u2013807. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tins.2021.08.005","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"3283_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2044","volume":"8","author":"M Bartos","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bartos M, Vida I, Jonas P (2007) Synaptic mechanisms of synchronized gamma oscillations in inhibitory interneuron networks. Nat Rev Neurosci 8:45\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn2044","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"3283_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","volume":"67","author":"D Bates","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bates D, M\u00e4chler M, Bolker B, Walker S (2015) Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. J Stat Softw 67:1\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"3283_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.02815","volume":"5","author":"MS Ben-Shachar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ben-Shachar MS, L\u00fcdecke D, Makowski D (2020) Effectsize: estimation of effect size indices and standardized parameters. J Open Source Softw 5:2815. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21105\/joss.02815","journal-title":"J Open Source Softw"},{"key":"3283_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bertelsen N, Mancini G, Sastre-Yag\u00fce D, Vitale A, Lorenz GM, Malerba SB, Bolis D, Mandelli V, Mart\u00ednez-Ca\u00f1ada P, Gozzi A, Panzeri S, Lombardo MV (2024) Electrophysiologically-defined excitation-inhibition autism neurosubtypes. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2023.11.22.23298729","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.11.22.23298729"},{"key":"3283_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S120509","volume":"14","author":"FM Besag","year":"2018","unstructured":"Besag FM (2018) Epilepsy in patients with autism: links, risks and treatment challenges. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 14:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/NDT.S120509","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"3283_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43777-z","volume":"14","author":"AA Bhaskaran","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bhaskaran AA, Gauvrit T, Vyas Y, Bony G, Ginger M, Frick A (2023) Endogenous noise of neocortical neurons correlates with atypical sensory response variability in the Fmr1\u2212\/y mouse model of autism. Nat Commun 14:7905. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-43777-z","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"3283_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-062111-150444","volume":"35","author":"G Buzs\u00e1ki","year":"2012","unstructured":"Buzs\u00e1ki G, Wang X-J (2012) Mechanisms of gamma oscillations. Annu Rev Neurosci 35:203\u2013225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-neuro-062111-150444","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"3283_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08002","volume":"459","author":"JA Cardin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cardin JA, Carl\u00e9n M, Meletis K, Knoblich U, Zhang F, Deisseroth K, Tsai L-H, Moore CI (2009) Driving fast-spiking cells induces gamma rhythm and controls sensory responses. Nature 459:663\u2013667. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature08002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3283_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2011.31","volume":"17","author":"M Carl\u00e9n","year":"2012","unstructured":"Carl\u00e9n M, Meletis K, Siegle JH, Cardin JA, Futai K, Vierling-Claassen D, R\u00fchlmann C, Jones SR, Deisseroth K, Sheng M, Moore CI, Tsai L-H (2012) A critical role for NMDA receptors in parvalbumin interneurons for gamma rhythm induction and behavior. Mol Psychiatry 17:537\u2013548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mp.2011.31","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3283_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09582","volume":"468","author":"H-T Chao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chao H-T, Chen H, Samaco RC, Xue M, Chahrour M, Yoo J, Neul JL, Gong S, Lu H-C, Heintz N, Ekker M, Rubenstein JLR, Noebels JL, Rosenmund C, Zoghbi HY (2010) Dysfunction in GABA signalling mediates autism-like stereotypies and Rett syndrome phenotypes. Nature 468:263\u2013269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature09582","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3283_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10252","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5272-14.2015","volume":"35","author":"Y Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen Y, Huang W-C, S\u00e9journ\u00e9 J, Clipperton-Allen AE, Page DT (2015) Pten Mutations Alter Brain Growth Trajectory and Allocation of Cell Types through Elevated \u03b2-Catenin Signaling. J Neurosci 35:10252\u201310267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5272-14.2015","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3283_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.324","volume":"2","author":"MS Cline","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cline MS, Smoot M, Cerami E, Kuchinsky A, Landys N, Workman C, Christmas R, Avila-Campilo I, Creech M, Gross B, Hanspers K, Isserlin R, Kelley R, Killcoyne S, Lotia S, Maere S, Morris J, Ono K, Pavlovic V, Pico AR, Vailaya A, Wang P-L, Adler A, Conklin BR, Hood L, Kuiper M, Sander C, Schmulevich I, Schwikowski B, Warner GJ, Ideker T, Bader GD (2007) Integration of biological networks and gene expression data using Cytoscape. Nat Protoc 2:2366\u20132382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nprot.2007.324","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"3283_CR22","volume-title":"Social Responsiveness Scale, second edition (SRS-2)","author":"JN Constantino","year":"2012","unstructured":"Constantino JN (2012) Social Responsiveness Scale, second edition (SRS-2). Western Psychological Services"},{"key":"3283_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-021-00967-6","volume":"24","author":"A Contractor","year":"2021","unstructured":"Contractor A, Ethell IM, Portera-Cailliau C (2021) Cortical interneurons in autism. Nat Neurosci 24:1648\u20131659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41593-021-00967-6","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"3283_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.909","volume":"43","author":"GM Cooper","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cooper GM, Coe BP, Girirajan S, Rosenfeld JA, Vu TH, Baker C, Williams C, Stalker H, Hamid R, Hannig V, Abdel-Hamid H, Bader P, McCracken E, Niyazov D, Leppig K, Thiese H, Hummel M, Alexander N, Gorski J, Kussmann J, Shashi V, Johnson K, Rehder C, Ballif BC, Shaffer LG, Eichler EE (2011) A copy number variation morbidity map of developmental delay. Nat Genet 43:838\u2013846. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ng.909","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"3283_CR25","unstructured":"Core Team R (2023) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing"},{"key":"3283_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-018-0056-y","volume":"24","author":"E Courchesne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Courchesne E, Pramparo T, Gazestani VH, Lombardo MV, Pierce K, Lewis NE (2019) The ASD living biology: from cell proliferation to clinical phenotype. Mol Psychiatry 24:88\u2013107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41380-018-0056-y","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3283_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2020.03.005","volume":"43","author":"E Courchesne","year":"2020","unstructured":"Courchesne E, Gazestani VH, Lewis NE (2020) Prenatal origins of ASD: the when, what, and how of ASD development. Trends Neurosci 43:326\u2013342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tins.2020.03.005","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"3283_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep02897","volume":"3","author":"V Delattre","year":"2013","unstructured":"Delattre V, La Mendola D, Meystre J, Markram H, Markram K (2013) Nlgn4 knockout induces network hypo-excitability in juvenile mouse somatosensory cortex in vitro. Sci Rep 3:2897. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep02897","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3283_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2016.07.011","volume":"1648","author":"A Dickinson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dickinson A, Jones M, Milne E (2016) Measuring neural excitation and inhibition in autism: different approaches, different findings and different interpretations. Brain Res 1648:277\u2013289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2016.07.011","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"3283_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-00744-x","volume":"23","author":"T Donoghue","year":"2020","unstructured":"Donoghue T, Haller M, Peterson EJ, Varma P, Sebastian P, Gao R, Noto T, Lara AH, Wallis JD, Knight RT, Shestyuk A, Voytek B (2020) Parameterizing neural power spectra into periodic and aperiodic components. Nat Neurosci 23:1655\u20131665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41593-020-00744-x","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"3283_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03014460.2024.2359920","volume":"51","author":"RIM Dunbar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dunbar RIM (2024) The social brain hypothesis - thirty years on. Ann Hum Biol 51:2359920. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03014460.2024.2359920","journal-title":"Ann Hum Biol"},{"key":"3283_CR32","volume-title":"Differential Ability Scales, second edition","author":"CD Elliott","year":"2007","unstructured":"Elliott CD (2007) Differential Ability Scales, second edition. The Psychological Corporation, San Antonio, TX"},{"key":"3283_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06899-3","volume":"9","author":"C Espinoza","year":"2018","unstructured":"Espinoza C, Guzman SJ, Zhang X, Jonas P (2018) Parvalbumin+ interneurons obey unique connectivity rules and establish a powerful lateral-inhibition microcircuit in dentate gyrus. Nat Commun 9:4605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-018-06899-3","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"3283_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00097","author":"LJ Gabard-Durnam","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gabard-Durnam LJ, Mendez Leal AS, Wilkinson CL, Levin AR (2018) The Harvard automated processing pipeline for electroencephalography (HAPPE): standardized processing software for developmental and high-artifact data. Front Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2018.00097","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"3283_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12202-9","volume":"10","author":"LJ Gabard-Durnam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gabard-Durnam LJ, Wilkinson C, Kapur K, Tager-Flusberg H, Levin AR, Nelson CA (2019) Longitudinal EEG power in the first postnatal year differentiates autism outcomes. Nat Commun 10:4188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-019-12202-9","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"3283_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.031","volume":"68","author":"MJ Gandal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gandal MJ, Edgar JC, Ehrlichman RS, Mehta M, Roberts TPL, Siegel SJ (2010) Validating \u03b3 oscillations and delayed auditory responses as translational biomarkers of autism. Biol Psychiatry 68:1100\u20131106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.031","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3283_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.06.078","volume":"158","author":"R Gao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gao R, Peterson EJ, Voytek B (2017) Inferring synaptic excitation\/inhibition balance from field potentials. NeuroImage 158:70\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.06.078","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"3283_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsyn.2010.00004","volume":"2","author":"CL Gatto","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gatto CL, Broadie K (2010) Genetic controls balancing excitatory and inhibitory synaptogenesis in neurodevelopmental disorder models. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2:4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnsyn.2010.00004","journal-title":"Front Synaptic Neurosci"},{"key":"3283_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.05.021","volume":"70","author":"SR Gilman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gilman SR, Iossifov I, Levy D, Ronemus M, Wigler M, Vitkup D (2011) Rare de novo variants associated with autism implicate a large functional network of genes involved in formation and function of synapses. Neuron 70:898\u2013907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.05.021","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"3283_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0344-8","volume":"51","author":"J Grove","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grove J, Ripke S, Als TD, Mattheisen M, Walters RK, Won H, Pallesen J, Agerbo E, Andreassen OA, Anney R, Awashti S, Belliveau R, Bettella F, Buxbaum JD, Bybjerg-Grauholm J, B\u00e6kvad-Hansen M, Cerrato F, Chambert K, Christensen JH, Churchhouse C, Dellenvall K, Demontis D, De Rubeis S, Devlin B, Djurovic S, Dumont AL, Goldstein JI, Hansen CS, Hauberg ME, Hollegaard MV, Hope S, Howrigan DP, Huang H, Hultman CM, Klei L, Maller J, Martin J, Martin AR, Moran JL, Nyegaard M, N\u00e6rland T, Palmer DS, Palotie A, Pedersen CB, Pedersen MG, d Poterba T, Poulsen JB, Pourcain BS, Qvist P, Rehnstr\u00f6m K, Reichenberg A, Reichert J, Robinson EB, Roeder K, Roussos P, Saemundsen E, Sandin S, Satterstrom FK, Davey Smith G, Stefansson H, Steinberg S, Stevens CR, Sullivan PF, Turley P, Walters GB, Xu X, Autism Spectrum Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, BUPGEN, Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, 23andMe Research Team, Stefansson K, Geschwind DH, Nordentoft M, Hougaard DM, Werge T, Mors O, Mortensen PB, Neale BM, Daly MJ, B\u00f8rglum AD (2019) Identification of common genetic risk variants for autism spectrum disorder. Nat Genet 51:431\u2013444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41588-019-0344-8","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"3283_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-017-0133-0","volume":"8","author":"AR Gupta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gupta AR, Westphal A, Yang DYJ, Sullivan CAW, Eilbott J, Zaidi S, Voos A, Vander Wyk BC, Ventola P, Waqar Z, Fernandez TV, Ercan-Sencicek AG, Walker MF, Choi M, Schneider A, Hedderly T, Baird G, Friedman H, Cordeaux C, Ristow A, Shic F, Volkmar FR, Pelphrey KA (2017) Neurogenetic analysis of childhood disintegrative disorder. Mol Autism 8:19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13229-017-0133-0","journal-title":"Mol Autism"},{"key":"3283_CR44","unstructured":"Hennig C (2026) fpc: Flexible Procedures for Clustering"},{"key":"3283_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02317-5","volume":"13","author":"V Hollestein","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hollestein V, Poelmans G, Forde NJ, Beckmann CF, Ecker C, Mann C, Sch\u00e4fer T, Moessnang C, Baumeister S, Banaschewski T, Bourgeron T, Loth E, Dell\u2019Acqua F, Murphy DGM, Puts NA, Tillmann J, Charman T, Jones EJH, Mason L, Ambrosino S, Holt R, B\u00f6lte S, Buitelaar JK, Naaijen J (2023) Excitatory\/inhibitory imbalance in autism: the role of glutamate and GABA gene-sets in symptoms and cortical brain structure. Transl Psychiatry 13:18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-023-02317-5","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"3283_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1109\/MCSE.2007.55","volume":"9","author":"JD Hunter","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hunter JD (2007) Matplotlib: a 2D graphics environment. Comput Sci Eng 9:90\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MCSE.2007.55","journal-title":"Comput Sci Eng"},{"key":"3283_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab064","volume":"144","author":"A Jack","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jack A, Sullivan CAW, Aylward E, Bookheimer SY, Dapretto M, Gaab N, Van Horn JD, Eilbott J, Jacokes Z, Torgerson CM, Bernier RA, Geschwind DH, McPartland JC, Nelson CA, Webb SJ, Pelphrey KA, Gupta AR, GENDAAR Consortium (2021) A neurogenetic analysis of female autism. Brain 144:1911\u20131926. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awab064","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"3283_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10523","volume":"478","author":"HJ Kang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kang HJ, Kawasawa YI, Cheng F, Zhu Y, Xu X, Li M, Sousa AMM, Pletikos M, Meyer KA, Sedmak G, Guennel T, Shin Y, Johnson MB, Krsnik Z, Mayer S, Fertuzinhos S, Umlauf S, Lisgo SN, Vortmeyer A, Weinberger DR, Mane S, Hyde TM, Huttner A, Reimers M, Kleinman JE, Sestan N (2011) Spatio-temporal transcriptome of the human brain. Nature 478:483\u2013489. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature10523","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3283_CR35","unstructured":"Kassambara A, Mundt F (2020) Factoextra: extract and visualize the results of multivariate data analyses"},{"key":"3283_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1080\/01690960042000058","volume":"16","author":"MM Kjelgaard","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kjelgaard MM, Tager-Flusberg H (2001) An Investigation of Language Impairment in Autism: Implications for Genetic Subgroups. Lang Cogn Process 16:287\u2013308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01690960042000058","journal-title":"Lang Cogn Process"},{"key":"3283_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.01.011","volume":"77","author":"C Le Magueresse","year":"2013","unstructured":"Le Magueresse C, Monyer H (2013) GABAergic interneurons shape the functional maturation of the cortex. Neuron 77:388\u2013405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.01.011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"3283_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-015-0350-1","volume":"12","author":"AR Levin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Levin AR, Nelson CA (2015) Inhibition-Based Biomarkers for Autism Spectrum Disorder. Neurotherapeutics 12:546\u2013552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13311-015-0350-1","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"3283_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00513","author":"AR Levin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Levin AR, M\u00e9ndez Leal AS, Gabard-Durnam LJ, O\u2019Leary HM (2018) BEAPP: the batch electroencephalography automated processing platform. Front Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2018.00513","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"3283_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2020.00021","author":"AR Levin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Levin AR, Naples AJ, Scheffler AW, Webb SJ, Shic F, Sugar CA, Murias M, Bernier RA, Chawarska K, Dawson G, Faja S, Jeste S, Nelson CA, McPartland JC, \u015eent\u00fcrk D, Autism Biomarkers Consortium for Clinical Trials (2020) Day-to-day test-retest reliability of EEG profiles in children with autism spectrum disorder and typical development. Front Integr Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnint.2020.00021","journal-title":"Front Integr Neurosci"},{"key":"3283_CR53","volume-title":"Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, second edition (ADOS-2) manual (part I): modules 1\u20134","author":"C Lord","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lord C, Rutter M, DiLavore PC, Risi S, Gotham K, Bishop S (2012) Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, second edition (ADOS-2) manual (part I): modules 1\u20134. Western Psychological Services, Torrance, CA"},{"key":"3283_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.021","volume":"34","author":"JL Matson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Matson JL, Rieske RD, Williams LW (2013) The relationship between autism spectrum disorders and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: An overview. Res Dev Disabil 34:2475\u20132484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.021","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"key":"3283_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000962","volume":"6","author":"HC Mefford","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mefford HC, Muhle H, Ostertag P, von Spiczak S, Buysse K, Baker C, Franke A, Malafosse A, Genton P, Thomas P, Gurnett CA, Schreiber S, Bassuk AG, Guipponi M, Stephani U, Helbig I, Eichler EE (2010) Genome-wide copy number variation in epilepsy: novel susceptibility loci in idiopathic generalized and focal epilepsies. PLoS Genet 6:e1000962. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000962","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"3283_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.4097\/kja.21209","volume":"75","author":"FS Nahm","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nahm FS (2022) Receiver operating characteristic curve: overview and practical use for clinicians. Korean J Anesthesiol 75:25\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4097\/kja.21209","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"3283_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02681-2","volume":"13","author":"WS Neo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Neo WS, Foti D, Keehn B, Kelleher B (2023) Resting-state EEG power differences in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Transl Psychiatry 13:389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-023-02681-2","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"3283_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2022.101073","volume":"54","author":"B Ostlund","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ostlund B, Donoghue T, Anaya B, Gunther KE, Karalunas SL, Voytek B, P\u00e9rez-Edgar KE (2022) Spectral parameterization for studying neurodevelopment: how and why. Dev Cogn Neurosci 54:101073. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dcn.2022.101073","journal-title":"Dev Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"3283_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32338","volume":"168","author":"A Polyak","year":"2015","unstructured":"Polyak A, Kubina RM, Girirajan S (2015) Comorbidity of intellectual disability confounds ascertainment of autism: implications for genetic diagnosis. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 168:600\u2013608. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.32338","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"3283_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1086\/519795","volume":"81","author":"S Purcell","year":"2007","unstructured":"Purcell S, Neale B, Todd-Brown K, Thomas L, Ferreira MAR, Bender D, Maller J, Sklar P, de Bakker PIW, Daly MJ, Sham PC (2007) PLINK: a tool set for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analyses. Am J Hum Genet 81:559\u2013575. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/519795","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"3283_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-77","volume":"12","author":"X Robin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Robin X, Turck N, Hainard A, Tiberti N, Lisacek F, Sanchez J-C, M\u00fcller M (2011) pROC: an open-source package for R and S\u2009+\u2009to analyze and compare ROC curves. BMC Bioinformatics 12:77. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2105-12-77","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"3283_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.2217\/bmm.14.15","volume":"8","author":"DC Rojas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rojas DC, Wilson LB (2014) \u03b3-band abnormalities as markers of autism spectrum disorders. Biomark Med 8:353\u2013368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/bmm.14.15","journal-title":"Biomark Med"},{"key":"3283_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-183x.2003.00037.x","volume":"2","author":"JLR Rubenstein","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rubenstein JLR, Merzenich MM (2003) Model of autism: increased ratio of excitation\/inhibition in key neural systems. Genes Brain Behav 2:255\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1034\/j.1601-183x.2003.00037.x","journal-title":"Genes Brain Behav"},{"key":"3283_CR65","volume-title":"Social Communication Questionnaire","author":"M Rutter","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rutter M, Bailey A, Lord C (2003a) Social Communication Questionnaire. Western Psychological Services, Torrance, CA"},{"key":"3283_CR66","volume-title":"ADI-R: Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised","author":"M Rutter","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rutter M, Le Couteur A, Lord C (2003b) ADI-R: Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised. Western Psychological Services, Los Angeles, CA"},{"key":"3283_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.05.002","volume":"70","author":"SJ Sanders","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sanders SJ, Ercan-Sencicek AG, Hus V, Luo R, Murtha MT, Moreno-De-Luca D, Chu SH, Moreau MP, Gupta AR, Thomson SA, Mason CE, Bilguvar K, Celestino-Soper PBS, Choi M, Crawford EL, Davis L, Wright NRD, Dhodapkar RM, DiCola M, DiLullo NM, Fernandez TV, Fielding-Singh V, Fishman DO, Frahm S, Garagaloyan R, Goh GS, Kammela S, Klei L, Lowe JK, Lund SC, McGrew AD, Meyer KA, Moffat WJ, Murdoch JD, O\u2019Roak BJ, Ober GT, Pottenger RS, Raubeson MJ, Song Y, Wang Q, Yaspan BL, Yu TW, Yurkiewicz IR, Beaudet AL, Cantor RM, Curland M, Grice DE, G\u00fcnel M, Lifton RP, Mane SM, Martin DM, Shaw CA, Sheldon M, Tischfield JA, Walsh CA, Morrow EM, Ledbetter DH, Fombonne E, Lord C, Martin CL, Brooks AI, Sutcliffe JS, Cook EH, Geschwind D, Roeder K, Devlin B, State MW (2011) Multiple recurrent de novo CNVs, including duplications of the 7q11.23 Williams syndrome region, are strongly associated with autism. Neuron 70:863\u2013885. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.05.002","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"3283_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.09.016","volume":"87","author":"SJ Sanders","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sanders SJ, He X, Willsey AJ, Ercan-Sencicek AG, Samocha KE, Cicek AE, Murtha MT, Bal VH, Bishop SL, Dong S, Goldberg AP, Jinlu C, Keaney JF, Klei L, Mandell JD, Moreno-De-Luca D, Poultney CS, Robinson EB, Smith L, Solli-Nowlan T, Su MY, Teran NA, Walker MF, Werling DM, Beaudet AL, Cantor RM, Fombonne E, Geschwind DH, Grice DE, Lord C, Lowe JK, Mane SM, Martin DM, Morrow EM, Talkowski ME, Sutcliffe JS, Walsh CA, Yu TW, Autism Sequencing Consortium, Ledbetter DH, Martin CL, Cook EH, Buxbaum JD, Daly MJ, Devlin B, Roeder K, State MW (2015) Insights into autism spectrum disorder genomic architecture and biology from 71 risk loci. Neuron 87:1215\u20131233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.09.016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"3283_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1138659","volume":"316","author":"J Sebat","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sebat J, Lakshmi B, Malhotra D, Troge J, Lese-Martin C, Walsh T, Yamrom B, Yoon S, Krasnitz A, Kendall J, Leotta A, Pai D, Zhang R, Lee Y-H, Hicks J, Spence SJ, Lee AT, Puura K, Lehtim\u00e4ki T, Ledbetter D, Gregersen PK, Bregman J, Sutcliffe JS, Jobanputra V, Chung W, Warburton D, King M-C, Skuse D, Geschwind DH, Gilliam TC, Ye K, Wigler M (2007) Strong association of de novo copy number mutations with autism. Science 316:445\u2013449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1138659","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3283_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss7402a1","volume":"74","author":"KA Shaw","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shaw KA, Williams S, Patrick ME, Valencia-Prado M, Durkin MS, Howerton EM, Ladd-Acosta CM, Pas ET, Bakian AV, Bartholomew P, Nieves-Mu\u00f1oz N, Sidwell K, Alford A, Bilder DA, DiRienzo M, Fitzgerald RT, Furnier SM, Hudson AE, Pokoski OM, Shea L, Tinker SC, Warren Z, Zahorodny W, Agosto-Rosa H, Anbar J, Chavez KY, Esler A, Forkner A, Grzybowski A, Agib AH, Hallas L, Lopez M, Maga\u00f1a S, Nguyen RHN, Parker J, Pierce K, Protho T, Torres H, Vanegas SB, Vehorn A, Zhang M, Andrews J, Greer F, Hall-Lande J, McArthur D, Mitamura M, Montes AJ, Pettygrove S, Shenouda J, Skowyra C, Washington A, Maenner MJ (2025) Prevalence and Early Identification of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 4 and 8 Years - Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 16 Sites, United States, 2022. MMWR Surveill Summ 74:1\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.ss7402a1","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ"},{"key":"3283_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0426-0","volume":"24","author":"VS Sohal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sohal VS, Rubenstein JLR (2019) Excitation-inhibition balance as a framework for investigating mechanisms in neuropsychiatric disorders. Mol Psychiatry 24:1248\u20131257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41380-019-0426-0","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3283_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07991","volume":"459","author":"VS Sohal","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sohal VS, Zhang F, Yizhar O, Deisseroth K (2009) Parvalbumin neurons and gamma rhythms enhance cortical circuit performance. Nature 459:698\u2013702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature07991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3283_CR73","volume-title":"Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second edition (Vineland-II)","author":"SS Sparrow","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sparrow SS, Cicchetti DV, Balla D (2005) Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second edition (Vineland-II). American Guidance Service, Circle Pines, MN"},{"key":"3283_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4420","volume":"19","author":"Y Sztainberg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sztainberg Y, Zoghbi HY (2016) Lessons learned from studying syndromic autism spectrum disorders. Nat Neurosci 19:1408\u20131417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nn.4420","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"3283_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-021-00443-x","volume":"22","author":"X Tang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tang X, Jaenisch R, Sur M (2021) The role of GABAergic signalling in neurodevelopmental disorders. Nat Rev Neurosci 22:290\u2013307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41583-021-00443-x","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"3283_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1155174","volume":"320","author":"T Walsh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Walsh T, McClellan JM, McCarthy SE, Addington AM, Pierce SB, Cooper GM, Nord AS, Kusenda M, Malhotra D, Bhandari A, Stray SM, Rippey CF, Roccanova P, Makarov V, Lakshmi B, Findling RL, Sikich L, Stromberg T, Merriman B, Gogtay N, Butler P, Eckstrand K, Noory L, Gochman P, Long R, Chen Z, Davis S, Baker C, Eichler EE, Meltzer PS, Nelson SF, Singleton AB, Lee MK, Rapoport JL, King M-C, Sebat J (2008) Rare Structural Variants Disrupt Multiple Genes in Neurodevelopmental Pathways in Schizophrenia. Science 320:539\u2013543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1155174","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3283_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.21050485","volume":"180","author":"SJ Webb","year":"2023","unstructured":"Webb SJ, Naples AJ, Levin AR, Hellemann G, Borland H, Benton J, Carlos C, McAllister T, Santhosh M, Seow H, Atyabi A, Bernier R, Chawarska K, Dawson G, Dziura J, Faja S, Jeste S, Murias M, Nelson CA, Sabatos-DeVito M, Senturk D, Shic F, Sugar CA, McPartland JC (2023) The Autism Biomarkers Consortium for Clinical Trials: Initial Evaluation of a Battery of Candidate EEG Biomarkers. Am J Psychiatry 180:41\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.21050485","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"3283_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24277-4","volume-title":"ggplot 2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis","author":"H Wickham","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wickham H (2016) ggplot 2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. Springer-Verlag, New York"},{"key":"3283_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-021-00425-x","volume":"12","author":"CL Wilkinson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wilkinson CL, Nelson CA (2021) Increased aperiodic gamma power in young boys with Fragile X Syndrome is associated with better language ability. Mol Autism 12:17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13229-021-00425-x","journal-title":"Mol Autism"},{"issue":"1","key":"3283_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5788","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50204-4","volume":"15","author":"CL Wilkinson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wilkinson CL, Yankowitz LD, Chao JY, Guti\u00e9rrez R, Rhoades JL, Shinnar S, Purdon PL, Nelson CA (2024) Developmental trajectories of EEG aperiodic and periodic components in children 2\u201344 months of age. Nat Commun 15:5788. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-50204-4","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"3283_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10360","volume":"477","author":"O Yizhar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yizhar O, Fenno LE, Prigge M, Schneider F, Davidson TJ, O\u2019Shea DJ, Sohal VS, Goshen I, Finkelstein J, Paz JT, Stehfest K, Fudim R, Ramakrishnan C, Huguenard JR, Hegemann P, Deisseroth K (2011) Neocortical excitation\/inhibition balance in information processing and social dysfunction. Nature 477:171\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature10360","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neural Transmission"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00702-026-03283-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00702-026-03283-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00702-026-03283-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T12:47:28Z","timestamp":1789217248000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00702-026-03283-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]]},"references-count":81,"alternative-id":["3283"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00702-026-03283-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9564","1435-1463"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9564","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-1463","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"James C. McPartland consults or has consulted with Customer Value Partners, Bridgebio, Determined Health, Apple, and BlackThorn Therapeutics, has received research funding from Janssen Research and Development, serves on the Scientific Advisory Boards of Pastorus and Modern Clinics, and receives royalties from Guilford Press, Lambert, Oxford, and Springer.The remaining authors have no conflict of interest to declare.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Yale Institutional Review Board, the UCLA Office of Human Research Protection Program, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital Institutional Review Board, USC Office for the Protection of Research Subjects, and the University of Virginia Institutional Review Board for Health Sciences Research. All procedures performed were in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All minor children provided verbal assent to participate in the study and were informed that they can withdraw from the study at any time during the experiment. A written consent form was obtained from a parent of each child participating in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}