{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T01:09:35Z","timestamp":1789261775660,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789171200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004721","name":"The University of Tokyo","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004721","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neural Transm"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Progressive micrographia, characterized by a gradual reduction in handwriting size, is a common yet incompletely understood feature of Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD). It has been associated with both motor and cognitive impairment; however, the clinical characteristics associated with progressive micrographia and the relative contributions of motor and cognitive factors remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the motor, cognitive, and disease-related clinical features associated with progressive micrographia in PD. Thirty-nine individuals with PD underwent handwriting assessment, the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Movement Disorder Society\u2013Unified Parkinson\u2019s Disease Rating Scale Part III, and evaluation of disease duration and levodopa equivalent daily dose. Participants were classified as having progressive micrographia (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200914) or not having progressive micrographia (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200925) based on normative handwriting data from healthy older adults. Four machine learning models (logistic regression, elastic net logistic regression, linear support vector machine [SVM], and radial basis function SVM) were evaluated using nested leave-one-out cross-validation. The linear SVM showed the highest numerical area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC; 0.877, 95% CI 0.749\u20130.977; accuracy\u2009=\u200982.1%). Exploratory feature contribution analyses indicated that classification involved a combination of cognitive and motor features. These findings suggest that progressive micrographia is associated with clinical characteristics extending beyond handwriting impairment alone; however, the identified associations are exploratory and require validation in larger, independent cohorts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-026-03289-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T12:58:25Z","timestamp":1789217905000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Progressive micrographia in Parkinson\u2019s disease is associated with multidimensional cognitive and motor features"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8213-961X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Hamada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyohei","family":"Mikami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Itaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuki","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"3289_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.70208","volume":"12","author":"F Asci","year":"2025","unstructured":"Asci F, Saurio G, Pinola G et al (2025) Micrographia in Parkinson\u2019s disease: Automatic recognition through artificial intelligence. 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