{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T13:58:08Z","timestamp":1790258288255,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,21]],"date-time":"2016-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479686400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-016-3149-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,21]],"date-time":"2016-11-21T10:46:31Z","timestamp":1479725191000},"page":"841-847","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) in Nigeria in 2015: evidence of widespread circulation of WA2 clade 2.3.2.1c"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"162","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2977-9578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ismaila","family":"Shittu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clement A.","family":"Meseko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorcas A.","family":"Gado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abraham K.","family":"Olawuyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chinonyerem N.","family":"Chinyere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Anefu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ponman","family":"Solomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip A.","family":"Okewole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Shamaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tony M.","family":"Joannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"3149_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.158.9.309-b","volume":"158","author":"T Joannis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Joannis T, Lombin LH, De Benedictis P et al (2006) Confirmation of H5N1 avian influenza in Africa. Vet Rec 158:309\u2013310. doi: 10.1136\/vr.158.9.309-b","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"3149_CR2","unstructured":"FAO (2015) H5N1 HPAI spread in Nigeria and increased risk for neighbouring countries in West Africa. Empres Watch, vol 32. http:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/a-i4561e.pdf . Accessed 20 May 2016"},{"key":"3149_CR3","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2016) Cumulative number of confirmed human cases for avian influenza A(H5N1) reported to WHO, 2003\u20132015. http:\/\/www.who.int\/influenza\/human_animal_interface\/Influenza_Summary_IRA_HA_interface_07_19_2016.pdf?ua=1 . Accessed 29 July 2016"},{"key":"3149_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1503.081161","volume":"15","author":"A Fusaro","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fusaro A, Joannis T, Monne I et al (2009) Introduction into Nigeria of a distinct genotype of avian influenza virus (H5N1). Emerg Infect Dis 15:445\u2013447. doi: 10.3201\/eid1503.081161","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"3149_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2107.150421","volume":"21","author":"I Monne","year":"2015","unstructured":"Monne I, Meseko C, Joannis T et al (2015) Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in poultry, Nigeria, 2015. Emerg Infect Dis 21:1275\u20131277. doi: 10.3201\/eid2107.150421","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"3149_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2212.160578","author":"L Tassoni","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tassoni L, Fusaro A, Milani A et al (2016) Genetically different highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses in West Africa, 2015. Emerg Infect Dis. doi: 10.3201\/eid2212.160578","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"3149_CR7","unstructured":"OIE (2015) Avian influenza. Man. Diagnostic Tests Vaccines Terr. Anim. http:\/\/www.oie.int\/fileadmin\/Home\/eng\/Health_standards\/tahm\/2.03.04_AI.pdf . Accessed 20 Jul 2015"},{"key":"3149_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4096","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.11.4096-4101.2000","volume":"38","author":"RA Fouchier","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fouchier RA, Bestebroer TM, Herfst S et al (2000) Detection of influenza A viruses from different species by PCR amplification of conserved sequences in the matrix gene. J Clin Microbiol 38:4096\u20134101","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"3149_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1637\/7674-063006R1.1","volume":"51","author":"MJ Slomka","year":"2007","unstructured":"Slomka MJ, Coward VJ, Banks J et al (2007) Identification of sensitive and specific avian influenza polymerase chain reaction methods through blind ring trials organized in the European Union. Avian Dis 51:227\u2013234. doi: 10.1637\/7674-063006R1.1","journal-title":"Avian Dis"},{"key":"3149_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e81842","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081842","volume":"8","author":"Y Huang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huang Y, Khan M, M\u0103ndoiu II (2013) Neuraminidase subtyping of avian influenza viruses with PrimerHunter-designed primers and quadruplicate primer pools. PLoS One 8:e81842. doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0081842","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3149_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.1007\/s007050170002","volume":"146","author":"E Hoffmann","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hoffmann E, Stech J, Guan Y et al (2001) Universal primer set for the full-length amplification of all influenza A viruses. Arch Virol 146:2275\u20132289. doi: 10.1007\/s007050170002","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"3149_CR12","unstructured":"Hall TA (1999) Symposium on RNA biology. III. RNA, tool and target. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. October 15\u201317, 1999. Proceedings Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 41:1\u2013218 (citeulike-article-id: 691774)"},{"key":"3149_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst197","volume":"30","author":"K Tamura","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D et al (2013) MEGA6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Mol Biol Evol 30:2725\u20132729. doi: 10.1093\/molbev\/mst197","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"3149_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6924","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.07142-11","volume":"86","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Sun Y, Sun H et al (2012) A single amino acid at the hemagglutinin cleavage site contributes to the pathogenicity and neurovirulence of H5N1 influenza virus in mice. J Virol 86:6924\u20136931. doi: 10.1128\/JVI.07142-11","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"3149_CR15","first-page":"340","volume":"24","author":"Y-H Tang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tang Y-H, Wu P-P, Sun Q et al (2008) Role of amino acid residues at positions 322 and 329 of hemagglutinin in virulence of H5N1 avian influenza virus. Bing Du Xue Bao 24:340\u2013344","journal-title":"Bing Du Xue Bao"},{"key":"3149_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2014.898244","volume":"43","author":"ME Haque","year":"2014","unstructured":"Haque ME, Giasuddin M, Chowdhury EH, Islam MR (2014) Molecular evolution of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in Bangladesh between 2007 and 2012. Avian Pathol 43:183\u2013194. doi: 10.1080\/03079457.2014.898244","journal-title":"Avian Pathol"},{"key":"3149_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1810.120357","volume":"18","author":"A Marinova-Petkova","year":"2012","unstructured":"Marinova-Petkova A, Georgiev G, Seiler P et al (2012) Spread of influenza virus A (H5N1) clade 2.3.2.1 to Bulgaria in common buzzards. Emerg Infect Dis 18:1596\u20131602. doi: 10.3201\/eid1810.120357","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"3149_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1407.071681","volume":"14","author":"WHO\/OIE\/FAO H5N1 Evolution Working Group","year":"2008","unstructured":"WHO\/OIE\/FAO H5N1 Evolution Working Group (2008) Toward a unified nomenclature system for highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1). Emerg Infect Dis 14:e1. doi: 10.3201\/eid1407.071681","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"3149_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12230","volume":"8","author":"WHO\/OIE\/FAO","year":"2014","unstructured":"WHO\/OIE\/FAO (2014) Revised and updated nomenclature for highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses. Influ Other Respi Viruses 8:384\u2013388. doi: 10.1111\/irv.12230","journal-title":"Influ Other Respi Viruses"},{"key":"3149_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3212","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000274","volume":"96","author":"MM Naguib","year":"2015","unstructured":"Naguib MM, Kinne J, Chen H et al (2015) Outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 clade 2.3.2.1c in hunting falcons and kept wild birds in Dubai implicate intercontinental virus spread. J Gen Virol 96:3212\u20133222. doi: 10.1099\/jgv.0.000274","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"3149_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1865-1682.2010.01175.x","volume":"58","author":"SM Reid","year":"2011","unstructured":"Reid SM, Shell WM, Barboi G et al (2011) First reported incursion of highly pathogenic notifiable avian influenza A H5N1 viruses from clade 2.3.2 into European poultry. Transbound Emerg Dis 58:76\u201378. doi: 10.1111\/j.1865-1682.2010.01175.x","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"3149_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1865-1682.2011.01297.x","volume":"59","author":"MR Islam","year":"2012","unstructured":"Islam MR, Haque ME, Giasuddin M et al (2012) New introduction of clade 2.3.2.1 avian influenza virus (H5N1) into Bangladesh. Transbound Emerg Dis 59:460\u2013463. doi: 10.1111\/j.1865-1682.2011.01297.x","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"3149_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3239","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02385-09","volume":"84","author":"A Fusaro","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fusaro A, Nelson MI, Joannis T et al (2010) Evolutionary dynamics of multiple sublineages of H5N1 influenza viruses in Nigeria from 2006 to 2008. J Virol 84:3239\u20133247. doi: 10.1128\/JVI.02385-09","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"3149_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2012.13.14.1106","volume":"13","author":"AT Oladokun","year":"2012","unstructured":"Oladokun AT, Meseko CA, Ighodalo E et al (2012) Effect of intervention on the control of highly pathogenic avian influenza in Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J 13:14. doi: 10.11604\/pamj.2012.13.14.1106","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"3149_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.02.023","volume":"40","author":"EM Abdelwhab","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abdelwhab EM, Hassan MK, Abdel-Moneim AS et al (2016) Introduction and enzootic of A\/H5N1 in Egypt: Virus evolution, pathogenicity and vaccine efficacy ten years on. Infect Genet Evol 40:80\u201390. doi: 10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.02.023","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"3149_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2015.08.010","volume":"88","author":"S Bhat","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bhat S, Bhatia S, Pillai AS et al (2015) Genetic and antigenic characterization of H5N1 viruses of clade 2.3.2.1 isolated in India. Microb Pathog 88:87\u201393. doi: 10.1016\/j.micpath.2015.08.010","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"3149_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.08.033","volume":"486","author":"P-L Herv\u00e9","year":"2015","unstructured":"Herv\u00e9 P-L, Lorin V, Jouvion G et al (2015) Addition of N-glycosylation sites on the globular head of the H5 hemagglutinin induces the escape of highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N1 viruses from vaccine-induced immunity. Virology 486:134\u2013145. doi: 10.1016\/j.virol.2015.08.033","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"3149_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.03.036","volume":"376","author":"M Igarashi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Igarashi M, Ito K, Kida H, Takada A (2008) Genetically destined potentials for N-linked glycosylation of influenza virus hemagglutinin. Virology 376:323\u2013329. doi: 10.1016\/j.virol.2008.03.036","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"3149_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-83-10-2497","volume":"83","author":"NV Kaverin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kaverin NV, Rudneva IA, Ilyushina NA et al (2002) Structure of antigenic sites on the haemagglutinin molecule of H5 avian influenza virus and phenotypic variation of escape mutants. J Gen Virol 83:2497\u20132505. doi: 10.1099\/0022-1317-83-10-2497","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"3149_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e112302","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0112302","volume":"9","author":"DF Burke","year":"2014","unstructured":"Burke DF, Smith DJ (2014) A recommended numbering scheme for influenza A HA subtypes. PLoS One 9:e112302. doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0112302","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3149_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11181","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.201401198","volume":"98","author":"Y Ha","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ha Y, Stevens DJ, Skehel JJ, Wiley DC (2001) X-ray structures of H5 avian and H9 swine influenza virus hemagglutinins bound to avian and human receptor analogs. Proc Natl Acad Sci 98:11181\u201311186. doi: 10.1073\/pnas.201401198","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"3149_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2005.140164","volume":"20","author":"K Pabbaraju","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pabbaraju K, Tellier R, Wong S et al (2014) Full-genome analysis of avian influenza A(H5N1) virus from a human, North America, 2013. Emerg Infect Dis 20:887\u2013891. doi: 10.3201\/eid2005.140164","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"3149_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.10.004","volume":"17","author":"S He","year":"2015","unstructured":"He S, Shi J, Qi X et al (2015) Lethal infection by a novel reassortant H5N1 avian influenza A virus in a zoo-housed tiger. Microbes Infect 17:54\u201361. doi: 10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.10.004","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"3149_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002068","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002068","volume":"7","author":"Y Watanabe","year":"2011","unstructured":"Watanabe Y, Ibrahim MS, Ellakany HF et al (2011) Acquisition of human-type receptor binding specificity by new H5N1 influenza virus sublineages during their emergence in birds in Egypt. PLoS Pathog 7:e1002068. doi: 10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002068","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"3149_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1213362","volume":"336","author":"S Herfst","year":"2012","unstructured":"Herfst S, Schrauwen EJA, Linster M et al (2012) Airborne transmission of influenza A\/H5N1 virus between ferrets. Science 336:1534\u20131541. doi: 10.1126\/science.1213362","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3149_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10831","author":"M Imai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Imai M, Watanabe T, Hatta M et al (2012) Experimental adaptation of an influenza H5 HA confers respiratory droplet transmission to a reassortant H5 HA\/H1N1 virus in ferrets. Nature. doi: 10.1038\/nature10831","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3149_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.063495-0","volume":"95","author":"R El-Shesheny","year":"2014","unstructured":"El-Shesheny R, Kandeil A, Bagato O et al (2014) Molecular characterization of avian influenza H5N1 virus in Egypt and the emergence of a novel endemic subclade. J Gen Virol 95:1444\u20131463. doi: 10.1099\/vir.0.063495-0","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"}],"container-title":["Archives of Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00705-016-3149-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00705-016-3149-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00705-016-3149-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,27]],"date-time":"2020-09-27T11:57:47Z","timestamp":1601207867000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00705-016-3149-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,21]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}},"alternative-id":["3149"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00705-016-3149-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0304-8608","1432-8798"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0304-8608","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-8798","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,21]]}}}