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Despite its high prevalence in humans and the environment, little is known about its molecular phylogeography in mainland China. In this study, 114 of 21,539 (0.53%) clinical specimens from hand, foot, and mouth\u00a0disease (HFMD) cases collected between 2007 and 2018 were positive for E6. The complete VP1 sequences of 87 representative E6 strains, including 24 strains from this study, were used to investigate the evolutionary genetic characteristics and geographical spread of E6 strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on VP1 nucleotide sequence divergence showed that, globally, E6 strains can be grouped into six genotypes, designated A to F. Chinese E6 strains collected between 1988 and 2018 were found to belong to genotypes C, E, and F, with genotype F being predominant from 2007 to 2018. There was no\u00a0significant difference in the geographical distribution of each genotype. The evolutionary rate of E6 was estimated to be 3.631 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>-3<\/jats:sup> substitutions site<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup> year<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup> (95% highest posterior density [HPD]: 3.2406 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>-3<\/jats:sup>-4.031 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>-3<\/jats:sup> substitutions site<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup> year<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>) by Bayesian MCMC analysis. The most recent common ancestor of the E6 genotypes was traced back to 1863, whereas their common ancestor in China was traced back to around 1962. A small genetic shift was detected in the Chinese E6 population size in 2009 according to Bayesian skyline analysis, which indicated that there might have been an epidemic around that year.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-020-04934-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T18:03:09Z","timestamp":1614362589000},"page":"1305-1312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Molecular epidemiological characteristics of echovirus 6 in mainland China: extensive circulation of genotype F from 2007 to 2018"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"166","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0494-0254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenjun","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianjiao","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuaifeng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongmei","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ru","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenbo","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"4934_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2421","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000911","volume":"98","author":"R Zell","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zell R, Delwart E, Gorbalenya AE et al (2017) ICTV virus taxonomy profile: picornaviridae. 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Specimens (stool samples, throat swab samples) were only collected from HFMD patients for public health purposes at the urging of the Ministry of Health, P. R. of China. Written informed consent for the use of their clinical samples was obtained from the subjects\u2019 parents. This study was approved by the second session of the Ethics Review Committee of the National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention (NIVDC), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. All experimental protocols were approved by NIVDC, and the methods were carried out in accordance with the approved guidelines.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics statement"}}]}}