{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T07:37:59Z","timestamp":1791185879345,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615334400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-021-05014-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T13:03:28Z","timestamp":1615381408000},"page":"1345-1353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Human pegivirus 1 in Cabo Verde: prevalence and genotypic distribution among HIV-infected individuals"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"166","author":[{"given":"Isabel In\u00eas M.","family":"de Pina-Araujo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco Aur\u00e9lio","family":"Horta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4561-4332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Campello","family":"do Amaral Mello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline Cordeiro","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"5014_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2894","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000612","volume":"97","author":"DB Smith","year":"2016","unstructured":"Smith DB, Becher P, Bukh J, Gould EA, Meyers G, Monath T et al (2016) Proposed update to the taxonomy of the genera Hepacivirus and Pegivirus within the Flaviviridae family. J Gen Virol 97(11):2894\u20132907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jgv.0.000612","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"5014_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.027490-0","volume":"92","author":"JT Stapleton","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stapleton JT, Foung S, Muerhoff AS, Bukh J, Simmonds P (2011) The GB viruses: a review and proposed classification of GBV-A, GBV-C (HGV), and GBV-D in genus Pegivirus within the family Flaviviridae. J Gen Virol 92(Pt 2):233\u2013246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/vir.0.027490-0","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"issue":"Pt 12","key":"5014_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2670","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.055509-0","volume":"94","author":"RR Ghai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ghai RR, Sibley SD, Lauck M, Dinis JM, Bailey AL, Chapman CA et al (2013) Deep sequencing identifies two genotypes and high viral genetic diversity of human pegivirus (GB virus C) in rural Ugandan patients. J Gen Virol 94(Pt 12):2670\u20132678. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/vir.0.055509-0","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"issue":"11","key":"5014_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2009.01194.x","volume":"16","author":"EL Mohr","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mohr EL, Stapleton JT (2009) GB virus type C interactions with HIV: the role of envelope glycoproteins. J Viral Hepat 16(11):757\u2013768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2009.01194.x","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"issue":"4","key":"5014_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24683","volume":"89","author":"EL Jogeda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jogeda EL, Huik K, Pauskar M, Kallas E, Karki T, Des Jarlais D et al (2016) Prevalence and genotypes of GBV-C and its associations with HIV infection among persons who inject drugs in Eastern Europe. J Med Virol 89(4):632\u2013638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.24683","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5014_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2012.01.004","volume":"20","author":"N Bhattarai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bhattarai N, Stapleton JT (2012) GB virus C: the good boy virus? Trends Microbiol 20(3):124\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tim.2012.01.004","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"5014_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2885","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25035","volume":"126","author":"M Krajden","year":"2010","unstructured":"Krajden M, Yu A, Braybrook H, Lai AS, Mak A, Chow R et al (2010) GBV-C\/hepatitis G virus infection and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a case control study. Int J Cancer 126(12):2885\u20132892. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.25035","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"19","key":"5014_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5553","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-14-0209","volume":"74","author":"CM Chang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chang CM, Stapleton JT, Klinzman D, McLinden JH, Purdue MP, Katki HA et al (2014) GBV-C infection and risk of NHL among U.S. adults. Cancer Res 74(19):5553\u20135560. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-14-0209","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"5014_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23845","volume":"86","author":"H Sahni","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sahni H, Kirkwood K, Kyriakides TC, Stapleton J, Brown ST, Holodniy M et al (2014) GBV-C viremia and clinical events in advanced HIV infection. J Med Virol 86(3):426\u2013432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.23845","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"12","key":"5014_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24574","volume":"88","author":"LD Da Mota","year":"2016","unstructured":"Da Mota LD, Nishiya AS, Finger-Jardim F, Barral MF, Silva CM, Nader MM et al (2016) Prevalence of human pegivirus (HPgV) infection in patients carrying HIV-1C or non-C in southern Brazil. J Med Virol 88(12):2106\u20132114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.24574","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"10","key":"5014_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa010398","volume":"345","author":"HL Tillmann","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tillmann HL, Heiken H, Knapik-Botor A, Heringlake S, Ockenga J, Wilber JC et al (2001) Infection with GB virus C and reduced mortality among HIV-infected patients. N Engl J Med 345(10):715\u2013724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa010398","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"5014_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-010-0142-z","volume":"13","author":"EM Shankar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shankar EM, Balakrishnan P, Vignesh R, Velu V, Jayakumar P, Solomon S (2011) Current views on the pathophysiology of GB virus C coinfection with HIV-1 infection. Curr Infect Dis Rep 13(1):47\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11908-010-0142-z","journal-title":"Curr Infect Dis Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"5014_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2076","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23918","volume":"86","author":"J Trinks","year":"2014","unstructured":"Trinks J, Maestri M, Oliveto F, Del Pino N, Weissenbacher M, Torres OW et al (2014) Human pegivirus molecular epidemiology in Argentina: potential contribution of Latin American migration to genotype 3 circulation. J Med Virol 86(12):2076\u20132083. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.23918","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"10","key":"5014_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21151","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021151","volume":"6","author":"Y Feng","year":"2011","unstructured":"Feng Y, Zhao W, Feng Y, Dai J, Li Z, Zhang X et al (2011) A novel genotype of GB virus C: its identification and predominance among injecting drug users in Yunnan, China. PLoS ONE 6(10):e21151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0021151","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"5014_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(96)80125-5","volume":"25","author":"AS Muerhoff","year":"1996","unstructured":"Muerhoff AS, Simons JN, Leary TP, Erker JC, Chalmers ML, Pilot-Matias TJ et al (1996) Sequence heterogeneity within the 5\u2019-terminal region of the hepatitis GB virus C genome and evidence for genotypes. J Hepatol 25(3):379\u2013384","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5014_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(199909)59:1<52::AID-JMV9>3.0.CO;2-D","volume":"59","author":"TJ Tucker","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tucker TJ, Smuts H, Eickhaus P, Robson SC, Kirsch RE (1999) Molecular characterization of the 5\u2019 non-coding region of South African GBV-C\/HGV isolates: major deletion and evidence for a fourth genotype. J Med Virol 59(1):52\u201359","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5014_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1702(99)00090-8","volume":"64","author":"MA Sathar","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sathar MA, Soni PN, Pegoraro R, Simmonds P, Smith DB, Dhillon AP et al (1999) A new variant of GB virus C\/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C\/HGV) from South Africa. Virus Res 64(2):151\u2013160","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"5014_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1086\/381092","volume":"38","author":"MA Sathar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sathar MA, York DF, Gouws E, Coutsoudis A, Coovadia HM (2004) GB virus type C coinfection in HIV-infected African mothers and their infants, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. Clin Infect Dis 38(3):405\u2013409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/381092","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"5014_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1086\/428123","volume":"40","author":"S Kaye","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kaye S, Howard M, Alabi A, Hansmann A, Whittle H, Schim van der Loeff M (2005) No observed effect of GB virus C coinfection on disease progression in a cohort of African woman infected with HIV-1 or HIV-2. Clin Infect Dis 40(6):876\u2013878. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/428123","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"5014_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(200002)60:2<159::AID-JMV9>3.0.CO;2-V","volume":"60","author":"HF Liu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Liu HF, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Dahan K, Desmyter J, Goubau P (2000) High prevalence of GB virus C\/hepatitis G virus in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo: a phylogenetic analysis. J Med Virol 60(2):159\u2013165","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5014_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000200536.79360.03","volume":"20","author":"C Li","year":"2006","unstructured":"Li C, Collini P, Danso K, Owusu-Ofori S, Dompreh A, Candotti D, at, (2006) GB virus C and HIV-1 RNA load in single virus and co-infected West African individuals. AIDS 20(3):379\u2013386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.aids.0000200536.79360.03","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"1","key":"5014_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(199909)59:1<38::AID-JMV7>3.0.CO;2-3","volume":"59","author":"MA Sathar","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sathar MA, Soni PN, Naicker S, Conradie J, Lockhat F, Gouws E (1999) GB virus C\/hepatitis G virus infection in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. J Med Virol 59(1):38\u201344","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5014_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.10.004","volume":"59","author":"F Maaref","year":"2011","unstructured":"Maaref F, Kilani B, Ammari L, Ben Othman A, Zribi M, Fendri C et al (2011) Prevalence of hepatitis G, B and C virus infections among positive HIV population in a Tunisian Hospital, La Rabta, Tunis. Pathol Biol (Paris) 59(4):213\u2013216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.10.004","journal-title":"Pathol Biol (Paris)"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"5014_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2000.63.192","volume":"63","author":"R Tuveri","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tuveri R, Perret JL, Delaporte E, Nguemby-Mbina C, D\u2019Allones LR, Henzel D et al (2000) Prevalence and genetic variants of hepatitis GB-C\/HG and TT viruses in Gabon, equatorial Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 63(3\u20134):192\u2013198","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"Pt 6","key":"5014_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.80854-0","volume":"86","author":"AS Muerhoff","year":"2005","unstructured":"Muerhoff AS, Leary TP, Sathar MA, Dawson GJ, Desai SM (2005) African origin of GB virus C determined by phylogenetic analysis of a complete genotype 5 genome from South Africa. J Gen Virol 86(Pt 6):1729\u20131735. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/vir.0.80854-0","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"issue":"12","key":"5014_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1086\/498170","volume":"192","author":"J Xiang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Xiang J, Sathar MA, McLinden JH, Klinzman D, Chang Q, Stapleton JT (2005) South African GB virus C isolates: interactions between genotypes 1 and 5 isolates and HIV. J Infect Dis 192(12):2147\u20132151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/498170","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"5014_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-0934(99)00036-1","volume":"80","author":"AR El-Zayadi","year":"1999","unstructured":"El-Zayadi AR, Abe K, Selim O, Naito H, Hess G, Ahdy A (1999) Prevalence of GBV-C\/hepatitis G virus viraemia among blood donors, health care personnel, chronic non-B non-C hepatitis, chronic hepatitis C and hemodialysis patients in Egypt. J Virol Methods 80(1):53\u201358","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"5014_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2425","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02752-14","volume":"89","author":"M Lauck","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lauck M, Bailey AL, Andersen KG, Goldberg TL, Sabeti PC, O\u2019Connor DH (2015) GB virus C coinfections in West African Ebola patients. J Virol 89(4):2425\u20132429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JVI.02752-14","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"11","key":"5014_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21614","volume":"81","author":"LI Compston","year":"2009","unstructured":"Compston LI, Li C, Sarkodie F, Owusu-Ofori S, Opare-Sem O, Allain JP (2009) Prevalence of persistent and latent viruses in untreated patients infected with HIV-1 from Ghana, West Africa. J Med Virol 81(11):1860\u20131868","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"10","key":"5014_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000233583.02586.14","volume":"20","author":"C Li","year":"2006","unstructured":"Li C, Danso K, Addo-Yobo E, Dompreh A, Sarkodie F, Owusu-Ofori S et al (2006) GB virus C genotype 1 is rarely transmitted vertically but acquired during infancy in West Africa. AIDS 20(10):1458\u20131460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.aids.0000233583.02586.14","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"1","key":"5014_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(199609)50:1<97::AID-JMV16>3.0.CO;2-V","volume":"50","author":"GJ Dawson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dawson GJ, Schlauder GG, Pilot-Matias TJ, Thiele D, Leary TP, Murphy P et al (1996) Prevalence studies of GB virus-C infection using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. J Med Virol 50(1):97\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(199609)50:1%3c97::AID-JMV16%3e3.0.CO;2-V","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"11","key":"5014_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e51103","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051103","volume":"7","author":"S Beleza","year":"2012","unstructured":"Beleza S, Campos J, Lopes J, Araujo II, Hoppfer Almada A, Correia e Silva A et al (2012) The admixture structure and genetic variation of the archipelago of Cabo Verde and its implications for admixture mapping studies. PLoS ONE 7(11):e51103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0051103","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5014_CR33","unstructured":"Madeira J (2015) Nation and identity: the singularity of Cabo Verde. Thesis, University of Lisboa"},{"issue":"2","key":"5014_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0192595","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0192595","volume":"13","author":"IIM de Pina-Araujo","year":"2018","unstructured":"de Pina-Araujo IIM, Spitz N, Soares CC, Niel C, Lago BV, Gomes SA (2018) Hepatitis B virus genotypes A1, A2 and E in Cabo Verde: Unequal distribution through the islands and association with human flows. PLoS ONE 13(2):e0192595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0192595","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"5014_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e96201","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0096201","volume":"9","author":"IIM de Pina-Araujo","year":"2014","unstructured":"de Pina-Araujo IIM, Guimaraes ML, Bello G, Vicente AC, Morgado MG (2014) Profile of the HIV epidemic in Cabo Verde: molecular epidemiology and drug resistance mutations among HIV-1 and HIV-2 infected patients from distinct islands of the archipelago. PLoS ONE 9(4):e96201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0096201","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5014_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2961","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25764","volume":"92","author":"F Savassi-Ribas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Savassi-Ribas F, Pereira JG, Horta MA, Wagner T, Matuck T, Carvalho DM et al (2020) Human Pegvivirus-1 infection in kidney transplant recipients: a single-center experience. J Med Virol 92:2961\u20132968. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.25764","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"7","key":"5014_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msw054","volume":"33","author":"S Kumar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kumar S, Stecher G, Tamura K (2016) MEGA7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Mol Biol Evol 33(7):1870\u20131874. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/molbev\/msw054","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5014_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"vey016","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/vey016","volume":"4","author":"MA Suchard","year":"2018","unstructured":"Suchard MA, Lemey P, Baele G, Ayres DL, Drummond AJ, Rambaut A (2018) Bayesian phylogenetic and phylodynamic data integration using BEAST 1.10. Virus Evol 4(1):vey016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ve\/vey016","journal-title":"Virus Evol"},{"key":"5014_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.1951","author":"S Singh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Singh S, Blackard JT (2017) Human pegivirus (HPgV) infection in sub-Saharan Africa-A call for a renewed research agenda. Rev Med Virol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rmv.1951","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5014_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofx222","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofx222","volume":"4","author":"KF N'Guessan","year":"2017","unstructured":"N\u2019Guessan KF, Anderson M, Phinius B, Moyo S, Malick A, Mbangiwa T et al (2017) The impact of human pegivirus on CD4 cell count in HIV-positive persons in Botswana. Open Forum Infect Dis 4(4):ofx222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofx222","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"5014_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25291","volume":"91","author":"LD Da Mota","year":"2019","unstructured":"Da Mota LD, Finger-Jardim F, Silva CM, Germano FN, Nader MM, Goncalves CV et al (2019) High prevalence and autochtonous transmission of human pegivirus (HPgV-1) in blood donors in the extreme southern of Brazil. J Med Virol 91(1):31\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.25291","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"10","key":"5014_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa003364","volume":"345","author":"J Xiang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Xiang J, Wunschmann S, Diekema DJ, Klinzman D, Patrick KD, George SL et al (2001) Effect of coinfection with GB virus C on survival among patients with HIV infection. N Engl J Med 345(10):707\u2013714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa003364","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"5014_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0184494","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184494","volume":"12","author":"G Horemheb-Rubio","year":"2017","unstructured":"Horemheb-Rubio G, Ramos-Cervantes P, Arroyo-Figueroa H, Avila-Rios S, Garcia-Morales C, Reyes-Teran G et al (2017) High HPgV replication is associated with improved surrogate markers of HIV progression. PLoS ONE 12(9):e0184494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0184494","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"5014_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10375","volume":"70","author":"AS Muerhoff","year":"2003","unstructured":"Muerhoff AS, Tillmann HL, Manns MP, Dawson GJ, Desai SM (2003) GB virus C genotype determination in GB virus-C\/HIV co-infected individuals. J Med Virol 70(1):141\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.10375","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5014_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1086\/505713","volume":"194","author":"C Schwarze-Zander","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schwarze-Zander C, Blackard JT, Zheng H, Addo MM, Lin W, Robbins GK et al (2006) GB virus C (GBV-C) infection in hepatitis C virus (HCV)\/HIV-coinfected patients receiving HCV treatment: importance of the GBV-C genotype. J Infect Dis 194(4):410\u2013419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/505713","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"5014_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.22029","volume":"83","author":"M Neibecker","year":"2011","unstructured":"Neibecker M, Schwarze-Zander C, Rockstroh JK, Spengler U, Blackard JT (2011) Evidence for extensive genotypic diversity and recombination of GB virus C (GBV-C) in Germany. J Med Virol 83(4):685\u2013694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.22029","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5014_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1556\/AMicr.54.2007.3.5","volume":"54","author":"A Dencs","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dencs A, Sebestyen A (2007) Prevalence and genotypes of hepatitis G virus\/GB virus C in a multirisk group in Hungary. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 54(3):305\u2013316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/AMicr.54.2007.3.5","journal-title":"Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung"},{"issue":"4","key":"5014_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20131","volume":"73","author":"S Castelain","year":"2004","unstructured":"Castelain S, Francois C, Bonte D, Baron A, Horle B, Morel V et al (2004) Epidemiological and quantitative study of GBV-C infection in French polytransfused children. J Med Virol 73(4):596\u2013600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.20131","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5014_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21703","volume":"82","author":"C Branco","year":"2010","unstructured":"Branco C, Esteves A, Piedade J, Parreira R (2010) A new genotype 2 subcluster identified among GBV-C strains circulating in the Lisbon metropolitan area of Portugal. J Med Virol 82(3):452\u2013459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.21703","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5014_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0127384","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127384","volume":"10","author":"IIM de Pina-Araujo","year":"2015","unstructured":"de Pina-Araujo IIM, Delatorre E, Guimaraes ML, Morgado MG, Bello G (2015) Origin and population dynamics of a novel HIV-1 subtype G clade circulating in Cabo Verde and Portugal. PLoS ONE 10(5):e0127384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0127384","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"5014_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003372","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003372","volume":"9","author":"S Beleza","year":"2013","unstructured":"Beleza S, Johnson NA, Candille SI, Absher DM, Coram MA, Lopes J et al (2013) Genetic architecture of skin and eye color in an African-European admixed population. PLoS Genet 9(3):e1003372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003372","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"5014_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20510","volume":"78","author":"AS Muerhoff","year":"2006","unstructured":"Muerhoff AS, Dawson GJ, Desai SM (2006) A previously unrecognized sixth genotype of GB virus C revealed by analysis of 5\u2019-untranslated region sequences. J Med Virol 78(1):105\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.20510","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5014_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1007\/s00239-008-9087-3","volume":"66","author":"CM Romano","year":"2008","unstructured":"Romano CM, Zanotto PM, Holmes EC (2008) Bayesian coalescent analysis reveals a high rate of molecular evolution in GB virus C. J Mol Evol 66(3):292\u2013297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00239-008-9087-3","journal-title":"J Mol Evol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5014_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00006482","volume":"48","author":"Y Suzuki","year":"1999","unstructured":"Suzuki Y, Katayama K, Fukushi S, Kageyama T, Oya A, Okamura H et al (1999) Slow evolutionary rate of GB virus C\/hepatitis G virus. J Mol Evol 48(4):383\u2013389","journal-title":"J Mol Evol"}],"container-title":["Archives of Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00705-021-05014-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00705-021-05014-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00705-021-05014-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,10]],"date-time":"2021-04-10T04:07:41Z","timestamp":1618027661000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00705-021-05014-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["5014"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00705-021-05014-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0304-8608","1432-8798"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0304-8608","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-8798","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 December 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 January 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 March 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funder had no role in the design of the study, in the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved under protocol number 01\/2016 by the Cabo Verde National Ethics Committee in Health and Research in its 47th ordinary meeting on July 31, 2014. All of the participants signed informed consent forms, and the study was conducted under an agreement with the University of Cabo Verde and the Ministry of Health in Cabo Verde.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}